• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.187-191
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• 2003

Purpose: MEPs elicited by transmagnetic stimulations of the motor cortex are facilitated by voluntary muscle contraction. We evaluated the effects of the imagination of the movements on latencies of MEPs and reciprocal inhibition by using transmagnetic stimulations. Methods: Twenty two healthy volunteers(eight men and fourteen women) were studied. TMSs were delivered at rest and during imagining abducting or adducting right thumb. A stimulator with a round coil and a fixed intensity of 80% of maximum was used to evoke MEPs. MEPs were evoked by magnetic stimulations over the scalp and cervical spine(C7-T1), and central motor conduction times(CMCT) were calculated by subtracting the latency of compound muscle action potentials(CMAPs) obtained by stimulating over the cervical spine from that obtained by stimulating over the scalp. The motor evoked potentials were recorded from right abductor pollicis brevis muscle(APB) and adductor pollicis muscle(AP) simultaneously. Results: Imagination of abduction resulted in a shortened latency of the CMAPs in APB, and a prolonged latency in AP. Imagination of adduction resulted in a shortened latency in AP, and a prolonged latency in APB. But the imagination caused no significant change in the latency of CMAPs elicited by stimulation over cervical spine. Therefore, the changes of the CMCTs account for these latency changes with imagination of movement. With the imagination of abduction, there are significant reduction of the CMCT's in APB(10.8%) and prolongation in AP(5.8%). On the other hand, with the imagination of adduction, prolongation of the CMCT's in APB(7.3%) and reduction in AP(5.9%) were observed. Conclusion: These findings indicate that imagination of muscle contraction increases the excitability of the human corticospinal system. Reciprocal inhibition may be accountable for the prolonged latency in the antagonist muscle.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11c
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• pp.450-452
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• 2004

Every movement, perception and thought we perform is associated with distinct neural activation patterns. Neurons in the brain communicate with each other by sending electrical impulses that produce currents. These currents give rise to electrical fields that can be measured outside the head. It shows some variation on the electroencephalographic signals. In recent devices, the EEG signals measured from head surface are a sum of all the momentary brain activation. With these EEG signals, it is difficult to distinguish the patterns correlated with a certain event from the signals. However, the system must discriminate some patterns with some events especially for any kind of device as a brain control interface system. In this experiment, the sensory-motor cortex of humans has been extensively studied. Activation related to several movements on both sides of the sensory-motor cortices in imaginary. The activation patterns during imagination of several movements resemble the activation patterns during preparation of movements. The result represents the system based on the optimal filters discriminated at least 60% of mental imageries.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2006

Objective : This study was to investigate the effect of oriental medical treatment for Asperger's syndrome. Methods : This patient was lack of social communication, interaction, imagination and motor coordination. It was due to Asperger's syndrome. The patient was treated with Herbal medicine, acupuncture and play therapy. And we evaluated the case with The Australian scale for Asperger's syndrome. Results : Oriental medical treatment and play thrapy alleviated his symptoms of Asperger's syndrome and anxiety. Conclusions : We report the good result of oriental medical treatment on this case. The more study of oriental medical treatment for Asperger's syndrome is needed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to review of mechanism and application methodology about mental practice. The mental practice is symbolic rehearsal of physical activity in the absence of any gross muscular movements. Human have the ability to generate mental correlates of perceptual and motor events without any triggering external stimulus, a function known as imagery, Practice produces both internal and external sensory consequences which are thought to be essential for learning to occur, It is for this reason that mental practice, rehearsal of skill in imagination rather than by overt physical activity, has intrigued theorists, especially those interested in cognitive process. Several studies in sport psychology have shown that mental practice can be effective in optimizing the execution of movements in athletes and help novice learner in the incremental acquisition of new skilled behaviors. There are many theories of mental practice for explaining the positive effect In skill learning and performance. Most tenable theories are symbolic learning theory, psyconeuromuscular theory, Paivio's theory, regional cerebral blood flow theory, motivation theory, modeling theory, mental and muscle movement nodes theory, insight theory, selective attention theory, and attention-arousal set theory etc.. The factors for influencing to effects of mental practice are application form, application period, time for length of the mental practice, number of repetition, existence of physical practice.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.774-779
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• 2012

Brain-computer interface based on motor imagery is a system that transforms a subject's intention into a control signal by classifying EEG signals obtained from the imagination of movement of a subject's limbs. For the new paradigm, we do not know which positions are activated or not. A simple approach is to use as many channels as possible. The problem is that using many channels causes other problems. When applying a common spatial pattern (CSP), which is an EEG extraction method, many channels cause an overfit problem, in addition there is difficulty using this technique for medical analysis. To overcome these problems, we suggest a binary particle swarm optimization with channel impact factor in order to select channels close to the most important channels as channel selection method. This paper examines whether or not channel impact factor can improve accuracy by Support Vector Machine(SVM).

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.15-28
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• 2018

Objective : This study sought to characterize and determine the qualitative level of a single target study for stroke patients. Methods : The National Science and Technology Information Center (NDSL), DBpia (DBpia), RISS (Radical Research Information Service), Korea Research Information (KISS), and the National Assembly Library's original case study from 2002 to 2017. A total of 24 single target research papers were selected through the screening process to analyze the quality level of research methods and research design. Results : ABA design was th most common study design method. One person was the most with 12(50%). and three were the second with 8(33.3%). Imagination was the most used as an independent lawyer. Dependent variables had the highest level of situability and one-sidedness. The study was also conducted with a variety of target behaviors, including 'memory', 'visual attention', 'dysphagia', 'visual-motor coordination', 'balance', 'activity of daily life' and 'edema' behaviors. It also showed a positive effect on all dependent variables. The Qualitative level was found to be above the intermediate level except for one study. Conclusion : It is academic significance that this study analyzes the items to be prepared for in the performance of a single target study and further studies may require the establishment of a weak but good-quality single target study for researchers conducting research in local communities and clinical sites.