• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.811-814
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• 2003

Today's and tomorrow's processors and I/O devices are demanding much higher I/O bandwidth than PCI 2.3 or PCI-X can deliver and it is time to engineer a new generation of PCI to serve as a standard I/O bus for future generation platforms. According to this demand the PCI SIG proposed PCI Express. This paper describes about the design of PCI Express Behavioral Model. A Behavioral Model enables the designers to test whether the design specifications are met by performing computer simulations rather than experiments on the physical prototype. In the proposed Model, we can verify whether our design concept satisfies the PCI Express functional protocol.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.30A no.9
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• pp.30-37
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• 1993

In this paper, we present a simple and general lifetime prediction model for PMOSFET by using the correlation between transconductance degradation and gate current influence to solve a problem that that I$_{b}$ is dependent on drain structure. The suggested model is applied to a different channel, drain structured PMOSFET. For all PMOSFETs, dg$_{m}$/g$_{m}$ of PMOSFET appears with one straight line about Q$_{g}$, therefore, this model using I$_{g}$ is consistent with experiment result independently of channel, drain structure. It is, therefore, proposed that a model using I$_{g}$ has a general applicability for PMOSFET's.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.139-147
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• 2002

In this paper, a mathematical model was introduced to analyze pricing and quality strategies for the web sites of electronic intermediaries. Especially, I focused on the intermediary sites that initiate their businesses by providing free services such as free e-mail, search, and directory services. intermediaries may gather third party providers looking for new markets for their services, based on customers who want to use the free services. And intermediaries provide charged intermediary services to both of customers and providers. By analyzing the mathematical model, I can find optimal quality and prices to maximize the profit of intermediaries. And I can found also that intermediaries should make efforts to improve their productivity of developing their services to make profits.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.19 no.E2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2003

Variational data assimilation, which is recently introduced to the air quality modeling, is a promising tool for obtaining optimal estimates of initial conditions and other important parameters such as emission and deposition rates. In this paper. two advanced techniques for variational data assimilation, based on the adjoint and quasi-inverse methods, are tested for a simple air quality problem. The four-dimensional variational assimilation (4D-Var) requires to run an adjoint model to provide the gradient information in an iterative minimization process, whereas the inverse 3D-Var (I3D-Var) seeks for optimal initial conditions directly by running a quasi -inverse model. For a process with small dissipation, I3D-Vu outperforms 4D-Var in both computing time and accuracy. Hybrid application which combines I3D-Var and standard 4D-Var is also suggested for efficient data assimilation in air quality problems.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2017

Conventional speaker verification systems using time delay neural network, identity vector and probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (TDNN-Ivector-PLDA) are known to be very effective for verifying long-duration speech utterances. However, when test utterances are of short duration, duration mismatch between enrollment and test utterances significantly degrades the performance of TDNN-Ivector-PLDA systems. To compensate for the I-vector mismatch between long and short utterances, this paper proposes to use probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA) model adaptation with augmented data. A PLDA model is trained on vast amount of speech data, most of which have long duration. Then, the PLDA model is adapted with the I-vectors obtained from short-utterance data which are augmented by using vocal tract length perturbation (VTLP). In computer experiments using the NIST SRE 2008 database, the proposed method is shown to achieve significantly better performance than the conventional TDNN-Ivector-PLDA systems when there exists duration mismatch between enrollment and test utterances.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.113-120
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• 2015

Objective: This study compared occlusal contact areas of ideally planned set-up and accomplished final models against the initial in class I and II molar relationships at finishing. Methods: Evaluations were performed for 41 post-orthodontic treatment cases, of which 22 were clinically diagnosed as class I and the remainder were diagnosed as full cusp class II. Class I cases had four first premolars extracted, while class II cases had maxillary first premolars extracted. Occlusal contact areas were measured using a three-dimensional scanner and RapidForm 2004. Independent t-tests were used to validate comparison values between class I and II finishings. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare initial, set up, and final models. Results: Molars from cases in the class I finishing for the set-up model showed significantly greater contact areas than those from class II finishing (p < 0.05). The final model class I finishing showed significantly larger contact areas for the second molars (p < 0.05). The first molars of the class I finishing for the final model showed a tendency to have larger contact areas than those of class II finishing, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.078). Conclusions: In set-up models, posterior occlusal contact was better in class I than in class II finishing. In final models, class I finishing tended to have larger occlusal contact areas than class II finishing.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.191-201
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• 1991

Given a set of data pxN$_{i}$, matrices X$_{i}$ observed from p-variate normal populations $\prod$$_{i}$~N($\mu$$_{I}$, $\Sigma$$_{i}$) for i=1, …, K, the test for equality form of the covariance matrices is to choose a hypothetical model which best explains the homogeneity/heterogeneity structure across the covariance matrices among the hypothesized class of models. This paper describes a test procedure for selecting the best model. The procedure is based on a synthesis of Bayesian and a cross-validation or sample reuse methodology that makes use of a one-at-a-time schema of observational omissions. Advantages of the test are argued on two grounds, and illustrative examples and simulation results are given.are given.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.303-312
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• 1995

We consider the following type of general semi-parametric non-linear regression model : $y_i = f_i(\theta) + \epsilon_i, i=1, \cdots, n$ where ${f_i(\cdot)}$ represents the set of non-linear functions of the unknown parameter vector $\theta' = (\theta_1, \cdots, \theta_p)$ and ${\epsilon_i}$ represents the set of measurement errors with unknown distribution. Under suitable finite-sample, small-dispersion asymptotic framework, we derive a general lower bound for the asymptotic mean squared error (AMSE) matrix of the Gauss-consistent estimator of $\theta$. We then prove the fundamental result that the general non-linear least squares estimator (NLSE) is an optimal estimator within the class of all regular Gauss-consistent estimators irrespective of the type of the distribution of the measurement errors.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2013

After introducing iPhone in Korea, the craze for iPhone was perceived to be extraordinaire phenomenon and the mobile businesses and researchers paid attention to it. This research purposes to explore more predictive model that explain to adopt the smartphones in Korea. This research show that all of models, TPB, TAM and the integrated model, are significant to explain intention to use the smartphones. TPB explains the higher than TAM, and the integrated model explains the slightly higher than TPB. These results suggest that researcher explore and build the more predictive model that comprise social influences and personal attributes than TAM that is employed broad to study new information communication systems and devices.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.29.1-29.1
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• 2020

I review the status of the concordance (standard) LCDM model of cosmology in light of current observations discussing about the apparent tensions in estimation of the key cosmological parameters. I will also briefly discuss the future of the field at the era of the next generation of the astronomical/cosmological surveys.