• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.184-193
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• 2006

배경: 심장박동 상태에서 시행하는 관상동맥우회술(Off pump coronary artery bypass grafting, OPCAB) 은 심폐체외순환 하에서 시행하는 관상동맥우회술(On pump coronary artery bypass grafting, On pump CABG)에 비해 합병증이 다소 적은 것으로 보고되고 있다. 저자들은 좌심실 기능이 저하된 환자들에서 OPCAB과 On pump CABG의 단기 및 중기 성적을 평가하여 OPCAB의 유용성을 확인하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2001년 1월부터 2005년 2월까지 동반수술을 시행 받지 않고 관상동맥우회술만을 시행 받은 946명 중 좌심실 박출계수가 $35\%$ 이하인 100명을 대상으로 하였다(OPCAB군 : On pump CABG군 =68명: 32명). 평균 연령은 두 군이 OPCAB군과 On pump CABG군이 각각 62.9$\pm$9.0세와 63.8 $\pm$ 8.0로 두 군의 차이가 없었다. 두 군의 수술 전 위험요인을 분석하고, 수술 결과 및 추적결과를 평가 및 비교하였다. 결과: OPCAB군은 평균 2.75$\pm$0.72개, On pump CABG군은 2.78$\pm$0.55개의 도관을 획득하여, 각각 3.00$\pm$0.79개, 3.16$\pm$0.72개의 원위문합을 시행하였다. 수술 후 사망은 OPCAB군에서만 1명 ($1.5\%$) 발생하였으나 두 군간의 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 수술시간, 수술 후 1일째 CK-MB, 수술 후 기계 환기 시간, 중환자실 체류기간, 합병증 발생률이 통계적으로 유의하게 OPCAB군에서 더 낮았다. 평균 추적 기간은 26.6$\pm$12.8개월(4${\~}$54개월)이었으며, 추적 기간 중 좌심실 박출계수는 OPCAB군과 On pump CABG군이 각각 $27.1\pm4.5\%$와 $26.9\pm5.4\%$에서 $40.7\pm13.0\%$와 $33.3\pm13.7\%$로 통계적으로 유의하게 각각 증가하였다. 4년 생존율은 OPCAB군과 On pump CABG군이 각각 $92.2\%,\;88.3\%$, 심장관련 사망에 있어서 4년 freedom rate은 각각 $97.7\%,\;96.4\%$로 두 군간의 차이는 없었으며, 심장관련 합병증과 협심증 발생의 freedom rate도 두 군간의 차이는 없었다. 결론: 좌심실 기능이 저하된 환자들에서 심장박동 상태에서 시행하는 관상동맥우회술은 심장기능을 향상시키고 On pump CABG군에 비해 우수한 수술결과를 보였다. 특히 On pump CABG군에 비해 우수한 단기 성적을 보였으나 중기성적은 차이가 없었다. 따라서 좌심실 기능이 저하된 환자들에 있어서 심장박동 상태에서 시행하는 관상동맥우회술은 안전하고 효과적으로 사용될 수 있는 수술방법이라고 생각한다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제40호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2003

A purpose of this study is to comprehend a concept of 'Open Space', realization of a deconstruction, presented in his works, based on a deconstruction and surrealism Coop Himmelblau's philosophical contemplation and to look into how this concept is interpreted in spaces. A concept of 'Open Space' is functioned as not a singular meaning but a multiple meaning accompanied with other formative ingredient and contemplation, scientific paradigm and a realation with a surroundings. The concept of 'Open Space' in their architentural space is applied. First, the space openness that represents to the extreme a concept 'Open Space', as a 3D designing ways that demolishes a structure and outgrows an ex siting thinking pattern, represents multiple grade spaces and an anti-gravity space. In a material, using glass and iron provides a spacial transparency and through this, visibly liberal sense that an interior and exterior is felt as an unification. Second, an non-expressive box pattern repulses to a spatial rank nature, outgrowing an uniform geometrical system, through demolishing a geometrical system, an edge and fold pattern. This is, as an anti-gravity, dynamic a typical structure, outgrowing an orthogonal system, interpreted as a composite meaning without division in spatial area. Third, the collage is used to represent a complexity and pluralism in representing 'Open space'. The collage that forms a image through combining a fragmentary elements into being a space change, composite constitution and spatial amusement. Thus, It is worthwhile to study how the collage that forms a diverse shape will be developed making what impact as an age and surroundings changed. As we contemplate in former part, Coop Himmelblou has deployed 'deconstruction beyond deconstruction' realm as just their midterm concept in their works like the words 'The architecture must climb', the deconstructive architect. A studying for their works reflecting the 'Open Space' concept based on deconstruction must be lasted and this enables us to comprehend space concept containing an architecture and interior design.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.93-105
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• 2011

본 논문은 정보기술수용모형의 사용용이성과 유용성이 스마트러닝의 수용태도와 사용 의도에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 또한, 스마트폰을 활용한 학기 초와 학기 중 및 학기말의 학습시점에서 사용용이성과 유용성이 수용태도에 미치는 영향의 차이를 분석하고, 이를 바탕으로 학습시기별 차별화에 대한 필요성을 인식하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과 스마트폰을 활용한 학습자들의 영향 요인들 간에 차이가 있음을 인식하고, 대학에서 실시하고 있는 스마트 캠퍼스 구축의 실효성을 높이기 위해 스마트러닝의 유용성을 중요요인으로 학습에 대한 관련성과 주관적 규범을 고려한 스마트러닝 시스템 구축과 학습시기를 고려한 다양한 스마트러닝의 설계에 대한 필요성이 인식되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.432-438
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• 2013

This study was conducted to compare seed viability among 42 species after ten years of storage in the midterm storage complex ($4^{\circ}C$, 30-40% RH) at the National Agrobiodiversity Center (NAC) Korean genebank maintained by the Rural Development Administration (RDA), Republic of Korea and to suggest the relative seed longevity and suitable monitoring intervals. The germination data from initial tests and after ten years of storage were compared to measure changes in viability during storage. The decline in seed viability varied greatly among seeds from -11.5% for Triticum sp. to 80% for melon. Coriander, crowndaisy, safflower, cosmos, Chinesebellflower, waxgourd, melon, castorbean, Welch-onion, hollyhock, wild barley, and tallfescue showed significant decreases in viability of 34.2%, 73.4%, 36.5%, 30.0%, 40.2%, 71.3%, 80.0%, 65.9%, 45.5%, 51.4%, 53.0%, and 33.5%, respectively. Gardenpea, soybean, perilla, onion, wild rice, Italian-ryegrass, and pepper showed a 15-30% decline in viability, while the viability of morningglory, adzukibean, maize, and Capsicum sp. decreased by 15% to 5%. Chicory, radish, Chinese-cabbage, bottlegourd, watermelon, cucumber, pumpkin, Cucurbita sp., groundnut, kidneybean, clubwheat, sesame, wheat, Triticum sp., rice, barley, orchardgrass, buckwheat, and wild tomato showed changes in viability of <5%. The changes in storage viability also varied within families. The wild types of rice and barley showed rapid viability loss and presented different aspects from cultivars. Since seed viability of species, classified as index 1 or 2, showed germination losses >15% after ten years of storage, a viability test should be conducted with five year intervals, while species with germination loss of <15% (in index 3 or 4) can be retested at ten year intervals.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.183-195
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the level of stress, somatization, anger, adjustment to school according to the types of housing. This study employed a descriptive design. Data was collected from 552 students in a girls high school in gongju using structured instruments. Not to be influenced by the tension of new school year or the stress by taking tests, the researcher did the survey after students finishing midterm test of the first semester for two days from July 14 to 15. The results are as follows. There was no difference in the level of stress, anger, adjustment to school between the students living in a dormitory and the students not living in a dormitory. However there was remarkable difference in somatization. There was positive correlation between somatization and stress(r=.194, p=.011), between anger and stress(r=.463, p<.001), in contrast there was a negative correlation between adjustment to school and stress(r=-.174, p<.001) of students living in a dormitory. On the other hand, there was negative correlation stress(r=-.187, p<.001), somatization(r=-.252, p<.001), anger(r=-.230, p<.001) with adjustment to school of students not living in a dormitory. In the sub-factors of somatization, students who live in a dormitory have many kinds of somatizations of digestive or respiratory organs. A Health promotion program should be designed for girls high school students living in a dormitory, based on the level of somatization of digestive or respiratory organs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.270-276
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• 2020

Background: We investigated the impact of previous catheter ablation (CA) on the midterm outcomes of totally thoracoscopic ablation in patients with lone atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: Between February 2012 and July 2018, 332 patients underwent totally thoracoscopic ablation for the treatment of AF (persistent AF; n=264, 80%). The patients were stratified into CA (n=47, 14%) and non-CA (nCA; n=285, 86%) groups according to their CA history. Results: All the baseline clinical characteristics and risk factors were similar between the groups except for age, percentage of male patients, prevalence of paroxysmal AF, prior percutaneous coronary intervention, and left atrial volume index (LAVI). No significant intergroup differences were observed in the incidence of early and late complications. At late follow-up, normal sinus rhythm was observed in 92% (43 of 47) of the patients in the CA group and 85% (242 of 285) of the patients in the nCA group (p=0.268). The rate of freedom from AF recurrence at 5 years was 55.3%±11.0% in the CA group, which was similar to that in the nCA group (55.7%±5.1%, p=0.690). In Cox regression analysis, preoperative brain natriuretic peptide levels and LAVI were associated with AF recurrence, but CA history was not significant. Conclusion: Totally thoracoscopic ablation was safe and effective in treating AF irrespective of CA history. A history of CA did not appear to affect the procedural complexity.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2011

건설폐기물이 매년 증가함에 따라 제도적으로 건설폐기물을 재활용한 순환골재의 사용을 촉진하게 되었고, 이에 따라 현장에 순환골재의 사용이 증가되었다. 그러나 순환골재의 알카리수 용출에 의한 환경적 문제가 발생하게 되었고, 이를 저감시킬 방안에 대한 연구가 요구되었다. 본 연구는 순환골재의 알카리저감을 위한 방안으로 촉진탄산화 반응을 이용한 알카리 저감장치를 제작하여 순환골재 생산현장에 설치하고, 대량의 순환골재를 대상으로 알카리저감효과 및 품질의 영향을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 탄산화 반응시간 30초, 반응압력 -50 kPa에서 100 kPa까지 3싸이클의 압력변화를 주는 조건에서, 순환골재 pH는 9.33에서 9.8의 범위 내를 유지하였다. 또한 순환골재의 물리적 품질은 탄산화 반응 전보다 반응 후의 소성지수, 수정 CBR, 마모감량, 모래당량, 액성한계, 입도분포, 밀도 및 흡수율이 개선되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.43-58
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• 2017

교사의 교육과정에 대한 이해 정도에 따라 교수 학습 방법에 상당한 차이가 존재할 수 있으며 평가 문항은 이러한 차이를 반영하는 대표적 산물 중 하나이다. 그러므로 지필평가 문항 분석을 통하여 교사의 교육과정에 대한 이해도가 지필평가에 어떻게 반영되고 있는가에 대한 실태 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 2009 개정 수학과 교육과정에 기반하여 중간고사와 기말고사로 출제된 '미적분I' 219개 검사지에 수록된 문항 중 '수열의 극한'을 내용 영역으로 하는 문항을 중심으로 변화된 교육과정이 학교 현장의 지필평가에서 어떻게 반영되고 있는지를 분석하였다. 분석 결과를 토대로 지필평가에서 나타난 문제점을 확인하고, 교육과정 개정 이후 새로운 교육과정의 안정적 안착을 위하여 반드시 동반되어야 할 교육정책 관련 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.677-685
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• 1993

Experience with bileaflet mechanical valve replacement at the Inha Hospital in 192 patients, operated on from June 1986 until April 1993. Two hundred fourty-one prostheses [51 Duromedics, 79 St.Jude Medical, and 111 CafboMedics]were implanted during the total 195 operations. Mitral valve replacment[MVR]was done in 113 cases, aortic valve replacement[AVR]in 34, tricuspid valve replacement[TVR]in 2, and double valve replacement[DVR]in 46 cases.Of the total patients, 63.0% were women and 37.0% were men. The mean age of the patients was 40.8 years, ranged from 14 to 67years. Overall early mortality was 9.2\ulcorner%[18 out of 195]; 9.7%[11 out of 113]for MVR, 14,7% [5 out of 34]for AVR, and 4.3%[2 out of 46]for DVR. All of the operative survors were followed over a period of one to 83 months with a mean of 37 months, for total 543 patient-years. So far, eleven patients[6.7% of the long-term survivors]were lost to follov-up after a mean postoperative follow-up of 22.8 months. There were nine late deaths; three deaths due to prostetic valve endocarditis, two due to persistent heart failure, one due to cerebral hemorrhage, one due to aortic dissection after Bentall oreration, and two sudden deaths. Actuarial survival rate at 6.9 years was 94.8%, There were seventeen valve-related complications; three prosthetic valve thromboses, three thrombembolisms, three instances of prosthetic valve endocarditis, two paravalvular leakages, and six hemorrhagic complications related to anticoagulation. The actuarial rate of freedom from all valve-related complications at 6.9years was 91.3%. There were significant decreases in the heart size postoperatively that can be demonstrated by comparison of cardio-thoracic ratios on simple chest X-ray and left ventricle dimensions on echocardiography. We conclude that this midterm follow-up shows good results in terms of hemodynamics and durability although further long-term evaluations are mandatory.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2013

Objective : Lumbar spine stenosis (LSS) can result in symptomatic compression of the neural elements, requiring surgical treatment if conservative management fails. Minimally invasive surgery has come to be more commonly used for the treatment of LSS. The current study describes outcomes of bilateral microdecompression by unilateral or bilateral laminotomy (BML) for degenerative LSS after a minimum follow-up period of 3 years and investigates factors that result in a poor outcome. Methods : Twenty-one patients who were followed-up for at least 3 years were included in this study. For clinical evaluation, the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scoring system for low back pain was used. The modified grading system of Finneson and Cooper was used for outcome assessment. Radiographic evaluation was also performed for spondylolisthesis, sagittal rotation angle, and disc height. Results : Twenty-one patients (10 men, 11 women) aged 53-82 years ($64.1{\pm}8.9$ years) were followed-up for a minimum of 3 years (36-69 months). During follow-up, two patients underwent reoperation. Average preoperative JOA score and clinical symptoms, except persistent low back pain, improved significantly at the latest follow-up. There were no significant differences in radiological findings preoperatively and postoperatively. Thirteen patients (61.9%) had excellent to fair outcomes. Conclusion : BML resulted in a favorable and persistent outcome for patients with degenerative LSS without radiological instability over a mid-term follow-up period. Persistent low back pain unrelated to postoperative instability adversely affects mid-term outcomes.