• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.57-65
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• 2007

This present study tried to observe an each feature that the difference of Neijing(內經) and Nanjing(難經) descriptions about the three-portion and nine-position pulse taking(三部九候脈). It was interpreted and contradistinguished that discrimination of position, diagnosis object, and the perceptions of Earth of the center among the Five Phase of each literature were described in Neijing and Nanjing for the three-portion and nine-position(三部九候). In Neijing, the three-portion and nine-position method divided three parts the whole body. Then the each three parts again divided with Heaven, Earth and Man(天地人). About the corresponding parts of pulse diagnosis, there mentioned for the head and the Zang-Fu organs(臟腑), but not mentioned for the hand and foot. In addition, Earth is assigned to the Earth(土), an each Earth accounted for the source of life. In Nanjing, three-portion divided Chon, Gwan, and Cheok(寸關尺) and each spots separated three stage of pulse taking. For the pulse taking spots and diagnosis, there mentioned the hand and foot instead of the unclear mention of Zang-Fu organs. Then Gwan spot and middle stage of pulse taking were assigned to the Earth, respectively. It was emphasized stomach Qi(胃氣) that the region of Earth, Gwan spot and middle stage among the pulse taking spots each literature were described in Neijing, Nanjing.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.302-308
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• 2003

The peformence tests of zinc-based desulfurization sorbents using the yellow earth as support for the hot gas clean up were carried out. The zinc-based sorbent with 25 wt％ yellow earth was prepared, and their properties such as the reaction rate, the sulfur capacity and the attrition resistance, were investigated. The reactivity tests for hot gas desulfurization was performed at middle temperatures (sulfidation/regeneration：480$^{\circ}C$/580$^{\circ}C$). During multi-cyclic desulfurization, the deactivation of zinc-based sorbent was decreased by the addition of yellow earth, and their efficiency was enhanced. The ZnO/yellow earth sorbent had high reactivity, good regenerability, long-term durability (about 19 gS/100 g sorbent for 10-cycles) and high attrition resistance (AI=19.1％). It was concluded that the peroperties of zinc-based sorbent were improved by metal oxides (Fe$_2$O$_3$, Na$_2$O, MnO$_2$, etc) in the yellow earth. From these results, it was confirmed that the desulfurization properties of zinc-based sorbents at middle temperatures could be improved by the yellow earth using as support.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.71-87
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to explore 8th-grade students' imageries of the Earth. We analyzed the middle school students' imageries about the Earth represented with words and drawings in Earth Systems Understanding (ESU, hereafter) framework. The students' imageries about 'the Earth' are vary by their experiences and prior-knowledge, which significantly impacts their imagery construction. Especially, the students' ESU were characterized into two aspects: One is a macroscopic view point based on full-objects of the Earth by indirect experiences and the other is everyday view point based on scene of the Earth surface and environment by direct experiences. Results revealed students' imageries about the Earth were impacted by visual experiences and those students' ESU were more represented by drawing as visual imagery than by words, formal language. The negative imageries were mainly represented through interactions of the Earth subsystems.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.378-387
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• 2018

In this research, the change of Korean middle-school science education environments is investigated through analyzing eighth graders' survey data collected over the past 20 years of TIMSS. We extracted educational context variables that provide meaningful information on changes of Korean science education, and have been surveyed more than 3 study cycles up to TIMSS 2015. The selected educational context variables include school resources and school climate from the school principal's questionnaires, and teacher characteristics and instructional activities from the teacher's questionnaires. For each context variable, we analyzed its trend over TIMSS cycles, and discussed its implications in light of Korean educational policy and curriculum changes. Based on the results, we recommended several ways that help to improve science teaching and learning in light of lab assistants, computer availability, teacher learning community, and middle school Earth science curriculum.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.798-808
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to explore middle school students' perceptions about earth systems in order to implement the 2009 revised national science curriculum effectively. A total of 1219 students participated in the survey and asked to determine their basic understandings about earth systems, self-reported knowledge level, and perceived significance level of the 23 earth systems concepts (contents). In relation to students' basic understandings about earth system, approximately 67% students reported that they didn't know about the term of the earth system. Atmosphere and hydrosphere were highly perceived as major component of earth system. However, cryoshere was perceived to be least familiar by the subjects. The findings also showed that students' self-reported knowledge level and significance level about major ESU#4, #5, #6 related concepts (contents) were significantly different by gender. Most of male students were more knowledgeable and perceived more significant than female students. Regarding the difference of the perceived significance level by grade, 10 out of 23 concepts were significantly different. Some implications for implementing the revised curriculum and school fields were discussed.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.193-207
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate middle school and science-gifted students' conceptions about motion of objects on the surface of the earth and the moon. The subjects were 61 first-, 51 second-, 51 third-year students, for a total of 163 in a middle school and 32 science-gifted students from a university-affiliated sciencegifted education center for secondary school students. The research contents were conceptions about motion of objects by the vertical direction, an inclined plane and horizontal plane on the surface of the earth and the moon. The questions were as follows: If two balls, same size but different mass, were put on, thrown over, by the vertical direction, an inclined plane and a horizontal plane on the surface of the earth and the moon at the same time and speed, which one would arrive faster than the other?; In the same mass in the earth and the moon, how fast could the object reach to which location, the earth or the moon? The results showed that science-gifted students offer meaningful difference on the concept of objects in motion at the vertical direction, an inclined plane and a horizontal plane on the earth and at the vertical direction on the moon than general middle school students. There were meaningful difference on the vertical up direction, an inclined plane and a horizontal plane in the same situation in the earth and the moon. Finally, based on the results of our study, we discuss possible educational implications for teaching the concept of objects in motion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2008

For teaching-learning to geological region of earth science part in science education, middle school, the practical uses of natural science museum are very effective. So, the appropriate uses of the natural science museum are necessary for the teaching and learning of Science Education. This study aims to consider the presentation characteristics of the natural science museum and to examine how is effective it to geological region in middle school science curricula on those uses. From the results, the natural science museum is low in multi-sided and open-endedness presentation characteristics but high in ones of accessible characteristic. And its presentations are good in multimodal characteristics using supported materials but relatively low in relevant and multimedia ones. In the museum, diorama and self-performing presentation types are not but internet ones are most. The presentations of the natural science museum are mainly assigned to knowledge region linked to basic science concepts but relatively insufficient in STS aspects, on the basis of connection the presentations with middle school science curricula. It is respected that these insufficiencies might be diminished by variable arrangements of and explanations to the presentations for understanding improvements. And, applies to the presentations in STS may be encountered, if multi-sided observations to them is available.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1994.09a
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• pp.129-138
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• 1994

It is well recognized that accurate analysis of lateral earth pressure is very signficant factor which determines the design amount of braced cut walls and braced systems. Many researchers, Peck, Terzaghi-Peck and so on, make a study about lateral earth pressure to act on the flexible walls. But these studies trouble accurate to multy layered systems like inland areas in Korea. This study is compared with the field messurement data to estimate the earth pressure distributions in multy layered areas and the empirical earth pressure distributions. The conclusions are as follows : At final excavation depth, the lateral earth pressure which messured by field instrument is smaller than the empirical earth pressure. (About 1.85~5.32 times). In the case of considering the soft rock layer to the final excavation depth, the messured earth pressure is safe to be compared with empirical earth pressure. The messured earth pressure distributions are like that the upper soil layer is small the middle soil layer is large, the rock mass layer is very small.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.29 no.spc1
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• pp.445-449
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• 1996

We introduce the National Science Curriculum issued by the Education Ministry in Korea. Astronomy should be given and taught as compulsory courses in Nature of elementary school, Science of middle school, General Science of high school, and as elective courses in Earth Science I, II. Astronomy concepts have been designed in sprial pattern. College levels of astronomy have been given as majoring in astronomy course, cultivating one for earth science pre-teacher students and cultural subjects for non-major students

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.469-476
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of a new learning method called, 'e-Learning,' by applying this method on a middle school science curriculum and study the influence it has on the students’ short and long term memory. The study was performed on two classes of sixth grade students at 'K middle school' in Yangsan. By handing out structured study assignment in e-Learning, I was able to observe how it affected the learners’ short and long term retention. The results of the study were as follows: First, classes that underwent studies using e-Learning did not show any influence on short term retention. Second, e-Learning had positive influence on long term retention. Third, learners who experienced e-Learning had positive cognition on e-Learning.