• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.429-438
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was descriptive survey research to examine the factors affecting menopause, depression and menopausal symptoms, and the relations among these factors in South Korean midlife women. Methods: The subjects were 319 midlife women in Daegu City. Measures were Zung's Self-Report Depression Scale (1979) to check depression, and the Midlife Women's Symptom Index developed by Im (2006) to check menopausal symptoms. Data were collected from June 1 to July 31, 2010. Collected data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's correlation coefficient through SPSS/WIN 18.0. Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between depression and menopausal symptoms (r=.692, p<.001). The factors affecting depression were age (r=.194, p<.001), income (r=-.307, p<.001), exercise (r=-.602, p<.001), and menopausal status (r=.224, p<.001). The factors affecting menopausal symptoms were exercise (r=-.158, p<.037), menstrual pain (r=-.171, p = .004) and menopausal status (r=.222, p<.001). Conclusion: Intervention programs for decreasing menopausal symptoms in midlife women should be focused on relieving menopausal pain and encouraging excise from youth. Further studies will be needed to examine the relations among other factors including living style, area and menopausal symptoms.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.120-129
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• 2000

Very little is known about the relation between isoflavone intake and menopausal symptoms in Korean woman To find the effects and correlations between these factors, questionnaires(maternal factors, menopausal symptoms) anthropometric measurement, 24hr dietary recalls, and urinary isoflavones analysis were conducted in 100 postmenopausal women residing in the Kyunggi-do rural area. The average age hight and weight of the subject were 61.5 years, 153.6 cm and 56.2kg. The average age at menarche, menopause, and menstrual cycle were 16.7 years, 47.2 years, 29.8 years, respectively. Most of the postmenopausal women experienced mildly menopausal symptoms. The mean calorie, protein and calcium intake were 1417.6 kcal(74.7% of the Korean RDA) 53.2 g(88.6% of the Korean RDA) and 454.0mg(65.6% of the Korean RDA) respectively. The ration of energy from carbohydrate, protein, and fat was 68: 15: 17 The average isoflavone intake from soy foods was 27.27 mg. The major food source of the isoflavone were soybeans and soybean curd. The average urinary isoflavone excretion was 2. 78nmol/mg Cr and showed significant positive correlation with isoflavone intake. Isoflavone intake from soy foods had a negative correlation with the severity of menopausal symptoms. Therefore, soy foods which contain isoflavone may have a protective effect on menopausal symptoms of women in Korea.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2008

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the factors of occurrence of amenorrhea and the severity of climacteric symptoms in breast cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy. Method: Women diagnosed with breast cancer without metastasis or recurrence, had surgery followed by chemotherapy, and had menses at the time of surgery were recruited from S hospital located in Seoul. A total of 99 women aged 31 thru 55 years participated and filled out a structured questionnaire including the Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy-Breast plus Endocrine Symptom when they visited the clinic for follow-up. Result: In 88 women amenorrhea occurred within an average of 2 months since beginning chemotherapy, and menstruation was resumed in only 11 women. About 98% of women aged over 40 experienced a cessation in menses thus age was an apparent factor of amenorrhea (Exp(B)=.76, p<.05). Presence of chronic disease (${\beta}=.25$, p<.05) and body weight change (${\beta}=.30$, p<.01) were significant factors influencing the severity of climacteric symptoms. Conclusion: Nurses need to have clinical evidences of menstrual changes due to breast cancer treatment. Information about premature menopause and climacteric symptoms should be provided according to women's health conditions so that they cope better during their survival.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between Sasang constitution and cold hypersensitivity. Methods: We investigated 391 outpatients who visited Dong-Eui Oriental Hospital OB & GY from June 12, 2013 to April 18, 2014. Among 134 patients who complained feeling of cold, we analyzed 107 patients whose Sasang constitution is confirmed. Results: 1. There were 21 persons 19.8% of under age 27, 28 persons 26.4% of age 28-34, 23 persons 21.7% of age 35-41, 18 persons 17% of age 42-48, 16 persons 15.1% of age over 49. 2. Among 107 patients, there were 52 persons 48.6% of Soeumin, 29 persons 27.1% of Taeeumin, 25 persons 23.4% of Soyangin, 1 person 0.9% of Taeyangin. And Taeyangin interior disease was 1 case 100%, Soyangin exterior disease was 22 cases 88% and interior disease was 3 cases 12%, Taeeumin exterior disease was 11 cases 37.9% and interior disease was 18 cases 62.1%, Soeumin exterior disease was 19 cases 36.5% and interior disease was 33 cases 3.5%. 3. In the distribution of cold-hypersensitive part, hands and feet with chills were 58 cases 4.7% by largest number, and the following was hands and feet in 24 cases 22.6%. 4. In the distribution of chief complaint, there were 25 cases 23.58% of menstrual pain, 19 cases 17.92% of postpartum symptoms, 17 cases 16.04% of oligomenorrhea and hypomenorrhea, 14 cases 13.21% of cold hypersensitivity. 5. In the distribution of chief complaint depending on age, menstrual pain of under age 27, postpartum symptoms of age 35-41 and cold hypersensitivity of over age 49 were at a high rate. Conclusions: Results suggest that patients with symptom of cold hypersensitivity have some tendencies in age, Sasang constitution, chief complaint, cold-hypertensive part.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of meridian massage on menopausal symptoms and Shin-Hur in middle-aged menopausal women. Method: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pre-post experimental design. The subjects of the study were middle-aged women who had had no menstruation in the last 12 months after the last menstrual bleeding. Cards of invitation on bulletin boards of several apartments were placed to recruit the subjects. The cards of invitation included: purpose of the study, eligibility criteria, method and period. Eighteen women in the experimental group and 16 women in the control group were conveniently assigned, respectively. The experimental group received 20 min meridian massage 3 times per week for 4 weeks. The menopausal symptoms and Shin-hur were measured and compared between the two groups before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed with the SPSS program by Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon Sign Rank test, Mann Whitney U-test and Spearman's rank correlation. Result: The experimental group showed a significant decrease of menopausal symptoms (U=77.00, p=.020) and Shin-Hur (U=76.00, p=.017). There was a significantly positive correlation between menopausal symptoms and Shin-Hur (r=.497, p=.003). Conclusion: Meridian massage was effective in improving menopausal symptoms and Shin-Hur in middle-aged menopausal women. Thus it can be useful as a nursing intervention for menopausal women.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.120-130
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the symptoms accompanied with acne and HRV pattern of the acne patients. Methods: We reviewed 60 acne patients(age 15-38) who visited ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ hospital from January 2010 to October 2011. We investigated the symptoms accompanied with acne of 60 patients and evaluated HRV of 41 acne patients. The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test using SPSS/PC ver 13.0 program. Results: 1. Prevalence of female post-adolescent acne was 66.7% in this study. The symptoms accompanied with acne were dischezia(35%), gastric discomfort(28.3%) in all patients and dysmenorrhea(40%), leukorrhea(38%), irregular menstrual period (24%) in female patients. 2. SDNN, RMSSD, VLF and HF of female were significantly lower than male. 3. SDNN, TP and VLF of un-dysmenorrhea group were significantly lower than dysmenorrhea group. 4. PSI of under 6 months group was significantly higer than over 6 months group. 5. In postadolescent acne patients SDNN, RMSSD, TP, LF and HF were significantly lower and PSI was significantly higher than adolescent acne patients. Conclusions: There are many female post-adolescent acne pateints and the assessment of the symptoms accompanied with acne and stress degree is helpful in treating acne. The further research and development about the diagnostic and therapeutic methods of acne are needed in oriental obstetrics and gynecology field.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.48-72
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was conducted to comprehend the syndrome differentiations of dysmenorrhea and find out their clinical symptoms, tongue images and pulse patterns by analyzing previous studies. Methods: The following researches were collected by searching the medical journals published from November, 2007 to October, 2017, from KISS, OASIS, CNKI. : researches on the syndrome differentiation of dysmenorrhea, researches on the criteria of diagnosis of syndrome differentiation of dysmenorrhea, randomized controlled trials (RCT) used syndrome differentiation for treating dysmenorrhea. Results: By investigating the frequency of syndrome differentiations used in RCT studies, the frequent ones were chosen. They were qi stagnation and blood stasis (氣滯血瘀), qi-blood deficiency (氣血虛弱), congealing cold with blood stasis (寒凝血瘀), liver-kidney depletion (肝腎虧損), blood stasis with dampness-heat (濕熱瘀阻). Conclusion: 4 syndrome differentiations were frequently used in RCT studies. And the frequency of clinical symptoms on each syndrome differentiations from each RCT study was analyzed and compared. Clinical symptoms chosen as chief symptoms in more than one reference, appeared in more than half of the references, most frequent tongue images and pulse conditions were organized. The most frequent clinical symptoms included the period and pattern of pain, the accompanying symptoms of whole-body and the pattern of menstrual bleeding.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2016

Objective : Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is known to reduce the quality of sleep and is associated with various psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of PMS with depression, sleep qulity and sleep pattern in Korean female adolescents. Methods : Out of 867 high school female students, 400 female subjects were included in this study. All participants completed self-report questionnaires that included demographic variables, shortened premenstrual assessment form (SPAF), patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), insomnia severity index (ISI) and Korean translation of composite scale (CS). A total of 394 individuals who completed the questionnaires were analyzed. Results : As score of SPAF, 143 subjects was defined PMDD group. They had more prevalence of eveningness, more depressive symptom, poorer sleep quality, and more excessive sleepiness than non-PMDD groups. Although the PMDD groups showed more menstrual dysmenorrhea, no difference was found in bleeding duration and cycle. PMS symptom had correlations with depression, poorer sleep quality and excessive sleepiness during the daytime. There was no difference in sleep duration between two groups, but PMS might have a relationship with eveningness of chronotype. Conclusions : Among Korean female high school students, the PMS might have an association with depression and poor sleep quality, and it might lead to daytime impairment due to excessive sleepiness. An appropriate evaluation of PMS could be helpful in determining the mental health condition of adolescents.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.18-28
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• 2000

The Purpose of this study is to extend the understanding and knowledge of menopause by comparing menopausal symptoms of married women and nuns in order to improve health and the quality of life for women. In this study a questionnaires were distributed to 116 nuns and 121 married women, from forty to fifty nine years old in Daegu metropolitan city. This study used the measurement of menopausal symptoms (Cronbach's Alpha=0.96) corrected and complemented by this student with consideration of various literature centered around menopausal symptoms, suggested by Janette M. Perz as 51 questions including 4 realms; [mental psychological factors], [physical physiological factors], [eyesight factors], and [urinary generative factors] in order to measure the degree of menopausal symptoms. The results are as follows : 1. There was a significant difference between educational background, religion, occupation, leisure time, satisfaction of marriage or ascetic life, existence of hormonal treatment, name of medical operation, and existence of counselling about menstruation as general and physiological characteristics of the nuns' group and the married women's group. 2. The menopausal symptoms of the nuns' group and the married women's group according to order in which they were presented were; 'feeling tired and lacking in energy(1.71 points)' 'vision not clear or clouded(1.69 points)', and 'be forgetful (1.57 points)' in nuns' group. 'be forgetful (1.87 points)', 'vision not clear or clouded(1.83 points)' and 'feeling tired and lacking in energy(1.76 points)' in the married women's group. The symptoms which showed the highest rank of menopausal symptoms had a maximum score of 4 points. 3. There was a statistical a significance (t=-3.9807, p<.0001) between the two groups which showed, on an average, 57.92 points in the married women's group and 43.03 points in the nuns' group from 0 to 196 of the possible points of menopausal symptoms. In difference of menopausal symptoms by menstrual aspect of the nuns' group and the married women's group, there was statistically significant difference between the two groups, showing 44.81±26.07 score in the nuns' group and 72.33±35.29 score in the married women's group as the mean score of the groups with no menstruation(t=-4.1132, p=0.0001). 4. The differences in menopausal symptoms with respect to the general and physiological characteristics of the nuns' group and the married women's group were that the nuns' group showed less menopausal symptoms on all the items than that of the married women's group. Finally, in these results, the married women's group showed higher menopausal symptoms than that of the nuns' group. Especially as the score of menopausal symptoms since the climacteric was very high it is confirmed to be a new phenomenon. Accordingly, it is considered to be necessary to carry out an indepth study of the factors related to establishing a strategy for nursing service.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.61-71
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• 1999

연구목적 : 본 연구는 월경전기변화와 스트레스의 상호관계를 알기 위해 전향적 평가 방법을 이용하여 월경전기 변화가 확인된 군(n=32)과 확인되지 않은 군(n=62) 간에서 황체기와 난포기간의 스트레스의 지각 정도를 비교 연구하였다. 방법 : 30세 이상의 건강한 성인여성 94명을 대상으로 월경전기 동안의 심리적, 신체적 변화를 평가 하기 위해 DSM-IV에 제시되어 있는 월경전불쾌기분장애(PMDD) 의 진단기준 A의 11개 항목에 기초한 매일 평가서(Daily Rating Form)를 한 번의 월경주기 동안 매일 작성하고, 스트레스 지각 정도를 평가하기 위해 5점 likert 척도를 이용해 매일 평가하도록 했다. 결과 : 1) 월경전기변화가 확인된 군은 32명이었고 확인되지 않은 군은 62명으로 두 군간에 인구 통계학적 변인(연령, 교육 정도, 결혼, 직업 등) 및 월경전기변화의 위험 요소(초경 연령, 월경전기변화의 규칙성, 월경 기간, 월경량, 월경 주기, 월경통 등)에 차이는 없었다. 2) 월경전기변화가 확인된 군의 평균 황체기 스트레스 점수($1.92\pm0.63$) 와 확인되지 않은 군의 평균 황체가 스트레스 접수($1.5\pm0.42$)에는 유의한 차이가 있었으나(p<0.05) 두 집단간에 평균 난포기 스트레스 점수에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3) 중년 여성에서 월경전기변화가 확인된 군을 스트레스가 높은 집단과 낮은 집단으로 나누었을 때 스트레스가 높은 집단이 낮은 집단에 비해 황체기 심리 증상을 더 많이 보고 하였으나(F=13.362, df=1, p<0.001) 신체 증상에는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론 : 본 연구의 결과는 중년 여성에서 월경전기변화가 확인된 군에서는 황체기 동안 스트레스 점수가 높게 나타났으며 스트레스의 지각 정도는 심리 증상과는 관련이 있으나 신체 증상과는 관련이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 향후 월경전기증후군의 치료 전략으로 특히 섬리 증상의 치료를 중심으로 한 스트레스의 관리가 중요할 것이다.