• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.71-74
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• 2009

The magnetic and structural properties of FINEMET (the Hitachi product name of the Fe-Si-B-Nb-Cu alloy) nanopowder with a composition of $Fe_{73.5}Si_{13.5}B_9Nb_3Cu_1$ atomic percent were investigated after annealing, chemical etching, and mechanical milling. The primary and secondary crystallization temperatures were 523 and $550^{\circ}C$, respectively. The grain size of the particles was adjusted by annealing time. Optimally annealed particles exhibited a homogenous microstructure composed of nanometer-sized crystalline grains. The grain boundary of the annealed particles was etched preferentially by chemical etching. Chemically etched particles were broken at the grain boundary by high-energy ball milling. As a result, a nanometer-sized FINEMET powder with a uniform size of crystalline grains was fabricated.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.291-296
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• 2012

In the present work, Al-$B_4C$ composite powders were fabricated using a mechanical milling process and its milling behaviors and mechanical properties as functions of $B_4C$ sizes ( $100{\mu}m$, 500 nm and 50 nm) and concentrations (1, 3 and 10 wt.%) were investigated. For achieving it, composite powders and their compacts were fabricated using a planetary ball mill machine and magnetic pulse compaction technology. Al-$B_4C$ composite powders represent the most uniform dispersion at a milling speed of 200 rpm and a milling time of 240 minutes. Also, the smaller $B_4C$ particles were presented, the more excellent compositing characteristics are exhibited. In particular, in the case of the 50 nm $B_4C$ added compact, it showed the highest values of compaction density and hardness compared with the conditions of $100{\mu}m$ and 500 nm additions, leading to the enhancement its mechanical properties.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2003

Al-l4wt.%Ni-l4wt.% Mm(Mm=misch metal) alloy powders rapidly solidified by the gas atomization method were subjected to mechanical milling(MM). The morphology, microstructure and hardness of the powders were investigated as a function of milling time using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and Vickers microhardness tester. Microstructural evolution in gas-atomized Al-l4wt.%Ni-l4wt.% Mm(Mm=misch metal) alloy powders was studied during mechanical milling. It was noted that the as-solidified particle size of $200\mutextrm{m}$ decreases during the first 48 hours and then increases up to 72 hours of milling due to cold bonding and subsequently there was continuous refinement to $20\mutextrm{m}$ on milling to 200 hours. Two microstructurally different zones, Zone A, which is fine microstructure area and Zone B, which has the structure of the as-solidified powder, were observed. The average thickness of the Zone A layer increased from about 10 to $15\mutextrm{m}$ in the powder milled for 24 hours. Increasing the milling time to 72 hours resulted in the formation of a thicker and more uniform Zone A layer, whose thickness increased to about $30~50\mutextrm{m}$. The TEM micrograph of ball milled powder for 200 hours shows formation of nano-particles, less than 20 nm in size, embedded in an Al matrix.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.87-93
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• 2021

The mold industry is competitive, and mold should be processed under optimal conditions for efficient processing. However, the cutting conditions of the ball-end mill, which are a major factor in mold processing, are mostly set empirically, and considerable research is required for increasing the tool life and processing accuracy. In this study, a tool dynamometer and an eddy current sensor were used along with NI-DAQ, a data acquisition device, to obtain characteristic values of the cutting force and tool deformation during the ball end-mill machining of inclined surfaces at a machining center. The cutting force and tool deformation were measured in an experiment. It was found that the tool received the greatest cutting force at the end of the machining process, and the deformation of the tool increased rapidly. Furthermore, the cutting force tended to increase with the angle and number of rotations. The deformation increased rapidly during the machining of a 45° inclined surface.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1993.10b
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• pp.9-23
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• 1993

Free-form surface machining is usually performed with an NC milling machine and a ball end milling cutter. Since this conventional method is basically sculpting on a plane, it is not suitable for three dimensional body machining. This article will introduce a new machining method for three dimensional body with free-form surface and newly developed machine tool suitable for such machining.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.08a
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• pp.82-82
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• 2008

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.195-202
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• 2016

Direct laser melting(DLM) is an additive manufacturing process that can produce parts by solidification of molten metallic powder layer by layer. The properties of the fabricated parts strongly depend on characteristics of the metallic powder. Atomized powders having spherical morphology have commonly been used for DLM. Mechanical ball-milling is a powder processing technique that can provide non-spherical solid powders without melting. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of powder morphologies on the deposition quality in DLM. To characterize the morphological effect, the performances of spherical and non-spherical powders were compared using both single- and multi-track DLM experiments. DLM experiments were performed with various laser process parameters such as laser power and scan rate, and the deposition quality was evaluated. The surface roughness, cross-section bead shape and process defects such as balling or non-filled area were compared and discussed in this study.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.182-188
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• 2012

In this study, fine cathode materials $Ni_3S_2$ and $NiS_2$ were synthesized using the simple, convenient process of mechanical alloying (MA). In order to improve the cell properties, wet milling processes were conducted using low-energy ball milling to decrease the mean particle size of both materials. The cells of Na/$Ni_3S_2$ and Na/$NiS_2$ show a high initial discharge capacity of 425 mAh/g and 577 mAh/g respectively using wet milled powder particles, which is much larger than commercial ones, providing some potential as new cathode materials for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.386-390
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• 2007

The sintering behavior and mechanical property of Mo nanopowder was investigated as a function of various sintering condition. Mo oxide nanopowders were milled using a high energy ball-milling process. After the ball milling for 20h, the crystalline size of $MoO_3$ was about 20 nm. The $MoO_3$ nanopowders were reduced at the temperature of $800^{\circ}C$ without holding time in $H_2$ atmosphere. The sinterability of Mo nanopowder and commercial Mo powder was investigated by dilatometric analysis. Mo nanopowder and commercial Mo powder were sintered at $1200^{\circ}C$ for 1 hand $1500^{\circ}C$ for 3 h, respectively. In both specimens the measured relative density was about 95%. But the measured hardness values were 2.34 GPa for nanopowder and 1.87 GPa for commercial powder. Probably due to finer grain size of the sintered body prepared from Mo nanopowder than that prepared using commercial Mo powder. The mean grain sizes were measured to be about 1.4 mm and 6.2 mm, respectively.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.470-477
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• 2023

The effects of annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Si alloys fabricated by high-energy ball milling (HEBM) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) were investigated. The HEBM-free sintered alloy primarily contained Mg₂Si, Q-AlCuMgSi, and Si phases. Meanwhile, the HEBM-sintered alloy contains Mg-free Si and θ-Al₂Cu phases due to the formation of MgO, which causes Mg depletion in the Al matrix. Annealing without and with HEBM at 500℃ causes partial dissolution and coarsening of the Q-AlCuMgSi and Mg₂Si phases in the alloy and dissolution of the θ-Al₂Cu phase in the alloy, respectively. In both alloys, a thermally stable α-AlFeSi phase was formed after long-term heat treatment. The grain size of the sintered alloys with and without HEBM increased from 0.5 to 1.0 ㎛ and from 2.9 to 6.3 ㎛, respectively. The hardness of the sintered alloy increases after annealing for 1 h but decreases significantly after 24 h of annealing. Extending the annealing time to 168 h improved the hardness of the alloy without HEBM but had little effect on the alloy with HEBM. The relationship between the microstructural factors and the hardness of the sintered and annealed alloys is discussed.