• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2001

Beginning in the Wei-Chin and Liu Ch´ao era(AD. 220-589), an awareness of natural beauty emerged as the major interest of scholars which created such a social atmosphere that served as the foundation of prosperous Chinese art. During the T´ang period, the desire to achieve natural beauty began to dominate every field of art including gardening. This study covers the T´ang period when scholars began to be conscious of aesthetics. The main objective of this study is to examine the significance of natural beauty as interpreted by Wangwei, an artist representative of the period, and of Wangchuan Villa in relation to aspects of garden theory. This study is mainly based on Wangwei´s anthology, landscape painting describing Wangchuan Villa, and historical records related to the Villa. The summary of conclusions of this study is as follows: 1) Wangwei´s concept of natural beauty is a combination of objective natural beauty and pastoral beauty, which stresses the essential beauty of nature. Moreover, he considered nature as a religious Utopia. 2)Wangchuan Villa, where Wangwei stayed until his death, was a place of seclusion representing his idea of natural beauty. There, he was able to realize the paradise of Buddhism full of zen aspirations. 3)From the perspective of garden theory, Wangchuan Villa can be classified as a suburb villa in terms of location, as a landscape garden in terms of elements, and as a villa based on a typical private land system in terms of forms. In addition, it may be considered as a garden that laid the foundation to realize a field of non-visible image and non-visible landscape, which is fundamental element of scholarly garden design.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2017

Purpose: Various landscapes have been created in the process of changing containers, which were a tool of trade activities, to architecture, and today, containers have formed relationships with people as complex facilities and constantly create new cultures. In this paper, considering these container constructions from the viewpoint of the landscape, consider the meaning as one of landscape factors for creating cultural landscape. Method: In this study, a methodological framework was constructed based on various statistical data and literature materials, and analyzed texts called containers from the viewpoints of physical elements and active elements and analyzed them at the level of function. Based on literature materials, specifically, this study has handled with the cultural landscape as text, the functional dimension of urban design, and the characteristics of container construction. Result: This research analyzed the physical and active characteristics of the target area by utilizing the content of the field analysis and the contents of the interview, previous research, etc., and then content was analyzed in functional dimension. Through this process, the conclusion proposed by this research is to study the construction of a container and present the direction to analyze in the functional dimension showing the landscape characteristics that it brings forward.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.21-30
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• 2011

Urban scape of Gyeongju is overlapped by periods. So, a study of each Periodical urban scape is required to understanding the present urban scape. All it requires study is on account of different a characteristic and the meaning of the scape. Especially, unified Silla period was most flourished in all time, has Abundant image of urban scape, heavily influences present urban scape. The research was proceeded through the classifying the concept of Urban form and the basic ideology and adopting the representative landscape at that time with the literatures and maps, on Unified Silla Period. And then tried to find out the identity of landscape with the link between the concepts of the representative landscape and that of Urban form in chronological order. The identity of historical landscape in Gyeongju on Unified Silla Period from the result of research has been influenced on by the connection with natural environment, urban form revealed by grid, space organized by vigorously heading up the inside, and Buddhistic ideology and esthetics.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.7-20
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• 1989

^x This paper aims to grasp the basical things of the architectural meaning of Bu - Seok Temple through the background of site selection and the analysis of arrangement change of it. For this purpose, I try to examine the process of folk- belief adhesion of Buddism and Feng - Shui as the choice factor of site when the temple was established, the spatial characters of the changing stage in arrangement. These characters of Bu - seok temple have significance for the basic study on the site selection and the spatial analysis of a mountainous district Temple in Shilla.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.115-137
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• 1987

The townscapes of “Bu” and “Mok” in the Yi Dynasty, Showing the typical landscape characteristics of Korean pre-industrial city, were influenced by the two major socio - cultural norms, One of Which is the “Pung - su theory” a traditional religious system on human settlements, the other is the “Churyegogong system” ; a principle of the traditional oriental city planning. The former exerted main influencs on the location of towns, its external Boundaries of domain and its direction, by natural topographic features in macro perspective, and the latter on the inner parts of townscapes, i. e., the landscape system of ‘center’, ‘boundary’, ‘direction’, and ‘domain’, as representations of administrative and Socio-cultural structures of that era, in micro perspective compared with the former. The systems of Korean old townscapes can be summurized as followhg brief paradigm, with general and .case studies. And the constituents of the paradigm, such as center, boundary, direction and domain, are inferred to reinforce the “sense of place” in townscapes, with their ‘physical appearence’, ‘meaning’, and ‘social activities’.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2004

Nagan walled town is located on an axis connecting symbolic places, which is a lucky place from the Fengshui point of view because a mountain sits to the rear and a body of water sits to the front. It represents the environmental development of cultural space by blending folk belief, religion, social systems, adminstration facilities and living culture buildings. Therefore, it has a sustainable cultural view connected with a formed or formless religious view and an artificial view (walls, government buildings, living houses, cultivated lands, etc.) in a natural landscape. Environmental design techniques, enlarging the meaning and value of living on a mental level, can be found in the arrangement of space composition and settlement of Nagan walled town. The organised spaces of government and residential areas were constructed within the wall with the view of searching for lucky places (from best, better and good places) in order to construct ecological networks according to the outlooks of space and settlement.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.87-96
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• 2012

This study aimed at empirically identifying how the cultural phenomena of localisation and attachment are implemented through Mohyeonjeong and Supodae at Gajo-myeon, Geochang-gun, Gyeongnam. 'Daehakdong', the name of the place where the Mohyeon-jeong and Supodae is located, has a meaning of the place where Geong-Pil Kim(金宏弼) the Hanhwondang(寒暄堂), one of the 5 eastern sages, and Yeo-Chang Jeong(鄭汝昌) the Ildu tought Neo-Confucianism. In addition, in case of Mt. Odo(1,134m) embracing the garden, the meaning of Odo is the five virtues in Confucianism, so we can see that Confucianism was strong in that area. The meaning of 'Mohyeon(慕賢)', "missing and thinking of sages", reflects the emotion of attachment to the place where people pay a tribute to the memory of Seon-Saeng Yang the Hwondu, one of the 5 eastern sages and the creator of Neo-Confucianism in Kyeongnam, and Suk-Ryang Choi(崔淑梁) the ancestors Pyeongchon. In addition, Odojae(吾道齋), Kijeok monument to pay a tribute to the memory of Pyeongchon, the persimmon tree symbolizing Hanhwondang, and Jidongam(志同巖) standing in front of Mohyeon pavillion represent the united wills of the above 3 people to show their Dohak(道學) spirit by practicing it, and also a reiterated expression of attachment to the place. 'Hwonduyangseonsaeng janggujiso' and 'Pyeongchonchoigong ganghakjiso(坪村崔公講學地所)' engraved on the rock of Myeongso Supodae where they gave a lecture of Neo-Confucianism to local Confucianists for many years and enjoyed nature make us to identify the intrinsic meaning of the location that was inherited in the memory of people. Along with this, most of the content of poetry, restoration records, and Sangryang articles are filled with the content reminding of the historical meaning and origin of Mohyeon-jeong and Supodae, so we can see from this that the place had the spatial meaning of Jangsujiso(藏修之所), 'the place of lecturing and communicating' and respecting ancient sages. This spatial tradition is the result of positive attachment to the place, and Mohyeon-jeong and Supodae is the place where the attachment to the place was made spontaneously througth the localisation. To sum it up, Mohyeon-jeong and Supodae was the place of attachment where one paid a tribute to the memory of ancient sages, and Mohyeonjeong and Supodae rocks were the representative examples of the localisation to show the meaning of the place by implication. Studying the process of attachment and localisation of the place does not only enable us to infer the genuine form of the traditional memorial space and park, but also to reproduce the place with the modern concept.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.spc
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• pp.689-702
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• 2016

In this study, it was promoted for the purpose of direction for rural landscape planning and management through the analysis of the factors of change in the rural landscape. In the course of research, through literature review study and field surveys, to derive the 25 factors that influence the change in the rural landscape. Later, 25 factors were evaluated in the impact on landscape by experts. 25 factors of the rural landscape were a comprehensive analysis and the results of literature review study and field surveys about the five villages of research area; Ji-San village, Non-Gae village, etc. Expert evaluation was carried out by the rural landscape, and architecture professionals of various related fields. As a result of the analysis, the flow of rural development policy and the business had a great effect on the physical changes in the rural landscape. Furthermore, additional factors such as population structure and lifestyle have made the change in the complex landscapes. Meaning the study has is to provide information on what need there are considered factors in the rural landscape planning and management. The reason is that, since the rural landscape characteristics are different, in order to develop the more efficient rural landscape plan and management.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-52
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• 2007

Three-dimensional GIS, which provides spatial information through expression techniques of virtual reality close to the real world and the web, is one of the fields that attract a new attention. In particular, Open GIS Consortium(OGC) announced a topological relationship specification of spatial object which supports interoperability while interest in interoperability of spatial data is increasing. However, this specification is limited to two-dimensional spatial object. So this research established a topological relationship of three-dimensional spatial object in order to improve urban landscape and provide a foundation to use GIS. Based on this, this study proposes ways to visualize landscape information which is appropriate for new town's circumstances. It can be concluded that this research has a bigger meaning since it established a base of sharing information about realistic urban landscape that can be accessed regardless of place and time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.131-142
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• 2017

The function of urban parks as wildlife habitats is becoming increasingly important. The urban park serves as a key area for preserving urban biodiversity. The purpose of this study is to estimate the bird species diversity in 30 parks in Cheonan city and quantitatively analyze the influence of vegetation, park structure and landscape connectivity index. As the results, a total of 27 birds species and 1,509 individuals were found at the sites and the largest number of birds were found in the Cheongsa park with 17 species. The optimal regression model was selected as the explanatory variables for the logged park area (LPA), the tree cover ratio (Co_T) and the patch betweenness centrality (PB). LPA and Co_T mean the internal characteristics of the park, and PB was the external environmental variable meaning landscape connectivity. LPA was the most important factor (73.3%) as bird habitat, and the PB could be interpreted as a factor that should be considered as important (26.7%). It will be possible to consider these environmental variables in the park and green area construction and management.