• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 1988

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of unilateral ovariectomy on the embryo survival and changes of plasma progesterone and estradiol concentration. Mature Angora rabbits were divided into 2 groups (Superovulation and unilateral ovariectomy after superovulation). Unilateral ovariectomied rabilts were subdivided into two groups according to the time of ovariectomy (24 hours and 96 hours after mating). The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. After unilateral ovariectomy, survival rate and collecting rate of embryos recovered from contralateral and ipsilateral oviduct and uterus were not different, and were lower than intact rabbits. 2. Plasma progesterone concentration at 93, 99, 102 and 114 hours after HCG injection in superovulated rabbits were 12.9 $\pm$ 0.5, 34.8 $\pm$ 5.1, 12.2 $\pm$ 2.7 and 43.4 $\pm$ 5.8ng/ml, respectively. Mean progesterone concentrations were significantly higher at 99 and 114 hours than at 93 and 102 hours (p <0.05). But plasma estradiol concentration was not different. 3. Plasma progesterone concentration in unilateral ovariectomized rabbits was somewhat decreased after unilateral ovariectomy. Plasma estradiol concentration was not different.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.29-34
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• 1976

The changes of the plasma progestin concentations in normal pregnancy and artificially maintained pregnancy of the rabbits by hormonal replace therapy after induced ovulation and insemination on Day 1, followed by ovariectomy on Day 2, were checked by direct measurement, competitive protein-binding assay, from the time of mating through to parturition. The results obstained in this experiment can be summarized as follows: (i) The mean concentration of progestin in normally pregnant rabbits increased from $1.7{\sim}2.7$ ng/ml on Day 1 to $19.8{\sim}25.3$ ng/ml on Days $13{\sim}15$ and declined slowly thereafter until term. (ii) The progesterone levels in artificially maintained pregnancy by hormonal replacement therapy showed quite a similar pattern to that in normally pregnant rabbits.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2012

The trunk conformations of the Gyeongju Donggyeongi (GD), Korean native dog was measured in the present study. Also, the information of reproductive activity was investigated in GD dogs. A total of 73 dogs were randomly selected out of 121 dogs in the Gyeongju County in July 2010, which were registered by inserting electronic chips in the withers. The hair colors of the GD were white, yellow, black and tiger brindle, the mean withers heights were $45.46{\pm}4.17cm$ and $49.28{\pm}3.56cm$ for female and male dogs, respectively The mean body length to withers height ratios were 117.63% and 116.4% for the female and male dogs. Concerning the reproductive capability of the GD, the mean litter number was $4.6{\pm}1.7$, the optimal mating time was $12.5{\pm}2.3$ days after the rutting season and the mean gestation period was $60.2{\pm}2.8$ days. The results of this study would be useful for compiling the official standard for the adult GD.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.107-110
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• 2001

Design process is the essential technology for development of industry in nation, but contrary to its significance the trial for development of design technology is not so active because it requires a lot of time and efforts to educate design engineers. For that reason, most of enterprises concentrated their efforts for improving product technologies to get instant effects in short periods, and through these trials considerable results could be achieved. Recently, however, many people realized that industrial development through only product technology without design technology has limits, accordingly, a lot of efforts, to educate machine designers whom have enough knowledge and ability on design through advanced design technology, concentrated for industrial development. In general, the curriculum of conventional education for machine design in most universities is mainly compose of three subjects, the theory for elements design, geometric modeling practice for mating engineering drawings using CAD software, and analysis of elements using CAE software fur determining whether proposed solution is correct or rational. Furthermore, because these three subject are provided for students as the completely separated subjects, most of students who have educated with this method have no enough ability to Integrate all design process into a comprehensive whole process. This paper proposes a new design education methodology through reverse engineering that can overcome these problems of conventional education method.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1238-1259
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• 2024

Previous studies on joint optimization of computation offloading and service caching policies in Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) have often neglected the impact of dependency-aware subtasks, edge server resource constraints, and multiple users on policy formulation. To remedy this deficiency, this paper proposes a many-objective joint optimization dependency-aware task offloading and service caching model (MaJDTOSC). MaJDTOSC considers the impact of dependencies between subtasks on the joint optimization problem of task offloading and service caching in multi-user, resource-constrained MEC scenarios, and takes the task completion time, energy consumption, subtask hit rate, load variability, and storage resource utilization as optimization objectives. Meanwhile, in order to better solve MaJDTOSC, a many-objective evolutionary algorithm TSMSNSGAIII based on a three-stage mating selection strategy is proposed. Simulation results show that TSMSNSGAIII exhibits an excellent and stable performance in solving MaJDTOSC with different number of users setting and can converge faster. Therefore, it is believed that TSMSNSGAIII can provide appropriate sub-task offloading and service caching strategies in multi-user and resource-constrained MEC scenarios, which can greatly improve the system offloading efficiency and enhance the user experience.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2009

Domestic bitches are non-seasonally monoestrus; spontaneously ovulate only once or twice occurs at anytime of the year. Estrus induction has been applied infrequent estrus, misleading ovulation, mating difficulties, failure to conceive after normal mating, pregnancy failure and biological research. Protocol of estrus induction which included variable hormones such as FSH, GnRH, and PMSG have been applied for the last decades. Recently, Bromocriptine, one of anti-prolatin/dopamine agonist has been occasionally applied for estrus induction. The study was carried out to investigate the effective method for the induction of estrus in bitches using different hormone treatments, and the initiation time of estrus from hormone treatment by assessments of cytological observation and blood plasma progesterone concentration. A total of 54 bitches on anestrus were selected for the study and divided randomly into 8 treatment groups as follow. Control, natural estrus; FSH (L), FSH (1.5 mg/kg, twice a day, $Falltrophin^{(R)}$, Vetrepharm); FSH (H), FSH (3.0 mg/kg, twice a day); GnRH+FSH, GnRH (5 ug/kg, once first day, $GNADON^{(R)}$, Dongbang)+FSH (3 mg/kg, SID); PMSG, PMSG (50 IU/kg, every third day $FOLLIGON^{(R)}$, Intevet); GnRH+PMSG, GnRH (5 ug/kg, only first day)+PMSG (50 IU/kg, every third day); GnRH, GnRH (5 ug/kg, only first day); Bromocriptine, bromocriptine (0.3 mg/kg, SID, $Parlodel^{(R)}$, Novartis). The bitches were evaluated clinical sign, cytological exam and $OVUCHECK^{(R)}$ Premate for assessment of estrus induction. Estrus induction rates were significantly (P<0.05) higher in GnRH+PMSG (100%) compared to others. PMSG and GnRH+PMGS (87.5 and 100%) and Bromocriptine (77.8%) were higher than others except GnRH+PMSG. Analysis of vaginal smear has proved to be effective a correct assessment of estrus induction with assay of progesterone concentration by $OVUCHECK^{(R)}$ Premate. Proestrus initiated by the $6^{th}$ after induction in most case. In conclusion, bromocriptine is an effective drug for estrus induction in bitches and assay of progesterone concentration by $OVUCHECK^{(R)}$ Premate with examination of vaginal smear that should be useful to detection of estrus induction of estrus induced bitches.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.232-238
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• 2020

This study used adult wistar-based rats to observe the sexual cycle as a morphological characteristic of vaginal epithelial cells by vaginal smearing, and investigated the fetal number through mating with male rats of the same strain. The target animal was a 12 to 13-week-old Wistar-based mature unlighted rat (weight 220 g to 240 g), room temperature 23 ± 2℃, 14 hours artificial lighting (05:00 to 19:00 hours), 10 hours Adapted individuals were used for rearing for at least 2 weeks under the conditions of the darkroom (19:00 to 05:00). The feed was managed for free feeding of pellet feed for animals and water. The vaginal smearing method was used for the experiments by observing the sexual cycle every morning and confirming that the normal sexual cycle of 4 or 5 days was repeated at least 2 cycles or more. As a result, the proestrus was found to have few red blood cells, the cells and nuclei were rather large and round, and many nucleated cells were identified. In the case of the estrus, the cells were large and the nuclei were not stained, and most of the keratinocytes were found. In addition, in the metestrus and diestrus, there were many white blood cells, and it was confirmed that nucleated epithelial cells and keratinocytes were significantly reduced. The pregnancy period was 21 ± 1.8 days, and the number of live births per delivery was 11.9 on average. The number of fetuses on the 8th and 10th days of pregnancy were 15.2 ± 0.4 and 15.4 ± 0.3, respectively. On the contrary, the number of fetuses on the 12th day of pregnancy was 12.9 ± 0.6, which was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased compared to the 10th day of pregnancy, and the number of fetuses was similar until delivery. As a result of investigating the change of body weight according to the birth weight and growth stage after delivery, the birth weight of female and male was 9.2 ± 2.0 g and 9.8 ± 2.5 g, respectively. After that, until the 16th day, the female and the male showed similarly moderate weight gain, and then showed a rapid weight gain until the 21st day of lactation. With reference to the results of this study, it is expected to be used as basic data for determining the mating time of rodents and controlling pregnancy and fetal number.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.131-137
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• 2009

In dogs, correct diagnosis of estrus is important and the exact time of ovulation can be determined by variouse methods. Vaginal cytology has commonly used in conjunction with the physical examination, clinical history, vaginoscopy, and hormonal assays to determine the stage of the reproductive cycle. This study was therefore investigated the effectiveness of direct ovulation detector designed by changes of electrical resistance in vaginal mucus following different estrus cycles with several methods; vaginal cytology, concentration of plasma estrogen and progesterone, and direct examination by laparotomy. A total of 12 bitches was selected for the study and observed estrus signs. The bitches were evaluated clinical sign (vulvar swelling and bleeding), cytological examination (keratocyte and RBC), electrical resistance, plasma estrogen and progesterone concentration for estrus assessment. Accuracy of ovulation detection by vaginal cytology was significantly (p<0.05) lower than those by electrical resistance and plasma progesterone concentration, based on the confirmation by laparotomy. Vaginal smear is not confidential method compared to detection of electrical resistance and plasma progesterone concentration at ovulation. Although the value of electrical resistance was varied at the same points of estrus in individuals, ovulation was occurred at the first day which shown the peak of electrical resistance and mating time was third day after peak. In conclusion, ovulation detector designed by changes of electrical resistance is an effective and economic instrument for predicting estrus and ovulation in bitches.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39A no.6
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• pp.357-364
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• 2014

In this paper deals with PON Remote monitoring solution using Reflecting Filter. The current FTTH-PON can not be monitored in real time that Optical cable fault and Quality degradation of Splitter. To solve this problem, Monitoring can make Feeder Network and Splitter that Reflecting filter development using the basic structure of Fiber Bragg grating. Reflecting Filter is Quality Monitoring System shall provide tools for user to view and analyze degradation of cables and splitter in particular predict any gradual component degradation(Optical cable bending, splice, connector, etc) before it becomes service impacting. The Reflecting Filter solution is splitter down and confirm the fault location of optical cable and it will send central control station can be monitored system an alarm to the OLT. In other words, wavelength side branches Mating existing communication affairs (Coupler) using the core of one optical wavelength for live monitoring two wavelengths and sends the subscriber side modem and aggregation switch device remotely using a reflective optical line filter monitoring the study of the system. this study can development of Reflecting filter improve the average processing time of Optical cable fault and efficient Maintenance of the network.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.101-112
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• 1999

Four major scarab beetles, Ectinohoplia rufipes, Adoretus tenuimaculatus, Exomala orientalis and Popillia quadriguttata were obserbved in golf courses. Morphological characters of adults and larvae, feeding habit, mounds by grubs, and outbreak time were inbestigated. Body lengths of E. rufipes and A. tenuimaculatus were 11.5mm and 9.7-11.3mm, respectively and those of E. orientalis and P. quadriguttata were 8.0-13.5mm and 7.6-12.7mm, respectively. Adult of E. rufipes had a tendency to raise hind legs during the feeding and mating but showed no death feigning. On the contrary, A. tenuimaculatus adult did not raise its hind legs during the feding and showed death feigning and dropped to earth when disturbed. E. orientalis adults were mainly found from the flowers of chestnut trees in the daytime and P. quadriguttata adults were chiefly found from soft leaves of herbaceous plants in golf courses. White grubs of E. rufipes and A. tenuimaculatus did not have longitudinal and transversal seatae on anal part but setae on the raster were hooked. The shape of anal slit was Y-shape in E. rufipes and crescent-shape in A. tenuimaculatus. White grubs of E. orientalis had ten to sixteen longitudinal setae on raster and those of P. quadriguttata had medially two conspicuous rows of six or seven shorter straight setae forming a V. Adults of E. rufipes mainly fed on front part of leaves but those of A. tenuimaculatus fed on hind part of leaves. Mounds by earthworms and white grubs were different depending on species. Earthworm piled up sticky soil around exit hole but E. orientalis adult scattered soil one part of exit hole and A. tenuimaculatus adult scattered soil evenly around exit hole. Outbreak time of E. rufipes and A. tenuimaculatus was early May and that of E. orientalis and P. quadriguttata was late May.