• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.136-147
• /
• 2000

The aim of this research was to examine the management practices related to foodservice.clinical nutrition service provided by hospital foodservice operations. A survey of 30 hospital food nutrition service departments was undertaken and detailed information was collected from each, including surveys of 176 dietitians and 30 foodservice managers. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SAS/win 6.11 package for descriptive analysis and t-test. The results of this study can be summarized as follows : Out of 30 hospitals, 73.3%(22) were directly operated and 26.7%(8) were under contract foodservice management. Licensed number of beds were 768.7, with an average length of 11.4 days. The general characteristics of the dietitians were that 49.4% were aged between 25-29, and 60.8% were ordinary dietitians. 76.7% had bachelor's degree, 15.9% with master's degree and 7.4% were college graduates. Most hospital dietitians had internship training and 35.2% took a training course of 6 to 12 months. The average space of kitchen was 452.52 $m^2$, with 133.63$m^2$ for modified diet space and 18.13$m^2$ for nutrition counselling room space. The total number of normal meals was 1,255.47, with 502.93 of modified meals. The average calorie of normal meals was 2,145.04kcal, with 91.9g of protein contained in normal meal. The total food waste was 351.40kg. An average monthly cost for disposing food waste was 745,171.67 won. 83.3% of the kitchens were on the 1st basement and only 66.7%(20) of 30 hospitals had its own nutrition counselling room. 80% used dishwashers and 66.7% had an exclusive elevator for delivering meals. 80.0% of hospitals used centralized delivery service. 90% had established an area for hygiene division, 70% used dry zone within the dishwashers for sterilization, 66.7% provided spoon and chopstick, and 100% used dish cover. As means of food waste treatment, most hospitals(56.7%) used animal feed by contracters, followed by means of collection by contracters(30%) and in-house high speed fermentation machines(13.3%). It was found that only 33.3% hospitals regularly checked temperatures of the meals given to patients. Total productivity index was 3.72(meals/hour) in average, with an average productivity index for normal diet of 5.41. Average productivity index for modified diet was 4.62. Productivity indices for patient meals and clinical nutrition were 5.01(meals/hour) and 1.12(cases/hour) respectively and hospitals under self-operated foodservice management received higher points on clinical nutrition productivity index(P<0.01) than hospitals under contract foodservice management.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
• /
• 제54권3호
• /
• pp.52-67
• /
• 2021

본 논문은 조선시대 다회장과 매듭장의 협업 관계 규명을 시도하였다. 근대 변혁기를 거치며 다회장은 해체되었으며 매듭장은 국가무형문화재로 지정되었다. 이는 과거를 매듭장 중심으로 바라보는 계기가 되었다. 반면 다회장의 인식과 연구는 매듭장의 일부 공정 정도로만 소략하게 진행되었다. 본 연구는 문헌기록을 중심으로 조선시대 다회장과 매듭장의 역할을 규명해보았다. 다회장은 여러 올의 명주실을 엮거나 꼬아 띠와 끈을 만든 장인이었다. 제작한 끈으로 매듭을 맺거나 망수·술을 만들어 장엄용 공예품을 제작하기도 하였다. 다회는 품목과 기법이 다양한 공예 기술이었다. 예복, 예악, 장황 등 장엄물과 관끈, 조대, 주머니끈, 노리개 등 일상품으로 폭넓게 제작되었다. 대형유소부터 방석끝까지 크고 작은 쓰임새가 많았기 때문에 거의 모든 의궤에 다회장이 소속되었다. 현대사회에는 매듭장이 정련, 염색, 합사, 다회, 매듭, 술 등 전 과정을 담당하지만 조선시대에는 다회장이 과정의 주축을 담당하였다. 도감 설치 시 다회장과 매듭장이 모두 귀속된 방은 연여를 제작하는 방이었다. 다회장과 매듭장의 협업 관계는 연여에 수식되는 대형유소에서 발생하였다. 대형유소는 2m 넘는 길이의 굵은 원다회로 매듭을 맺은 장엄용 공예품이다. 다회장이 원다회를 짜면 매듭장이 섬세하고 균형 있는 매듭을 맺었다. 또 굵은 원다회에 망수와 술을 달아 인장을 꾸미는 인수도 분담하여 제작하였다. 기술은 인간의 생애 속에서 시대의 필요에 따라 발전과 쇠퇴를 반복한다. 전통 기술을 직시하기 위해서는 시대적 제도와 사회상의 흐름을 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 본 논문은 조선시대 때 보편적인 장색이었으나 오늘날 낯선 존재가 된 다회장을 입체적으로 조명하였다는 데 의미가 있다.

• 디자인학연구
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.115-123
• /
• 2000

본 연구의 목적은 서양에서 오랜 역사를 통해 발달해 온 시대별 고전 양식이 현재 한국의 주거공간에 어떻게 적용되고 있는지의 경향을 파악해 보고자 하는 것으로 최근 5년 간 발행되었던 6개 종류의 관련 전문잡지를 조사하여 사양 고전양식으로 시공되거나 코디네이션된 주거공간 99사례의 사진을 조사하고 공간유형별, 실내구성요소별로 분석하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 한국의 현대 주거공간에 나타난 서양고전양식의 공간별 적용경향을 보면 아파트와 단독주택에서 많이 적용되고 있었고, 실별로는 거실, 부부침실, 식당 순이었으며 거실에서는 차분하고 안정감을 주는 직선의 신고전 양식이, 침실에서는 부드러운 곡선의 로코코 양식이, 식당에서는 식탁과 의자등 가구에 로코코 양식이 쓰이고 있었다. 한편, 단일적용으로는 로코코 양식과 신고전 양식이 비슷하게 많이 나타났고 혼합적용 또한 로코코 양식과 신고전 양식이 혼합된 경우가 가장 많이 나타났다. 2. 한국 현대 주거공간에 나타난 서양고전양식의 실내구성요소별 적용경향은 신고전 양식의 벽, 르네상스 양식의 천장, 신고전 양식의 천장, 신고전 양식의 창과 문, 로코코 양식의 가구, 로코코 양식과 신고전 양식의 장식이 많이 적용됨으로써 로코코양식과 신고전 양식이 우세하였다. 이들은 원형보다는 변형으로 적용된 경우가 압도적으로 우세하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.692-697
• /
• 2005

좋은 날개 실속특성 및 실속/스핀의 특성이 입증된 선미익형 항공기를 현재 개발중에 있다. 전에 개발된 1호기 및 2호기 시제기는 코어 샌드위치 형식으로 날개 전체가 채워지고 고정식 착륙장치로 제작되었다. 새로이 개발될 반디호는 접개식 착륙장치와 날개와 동체에 일반적인 폼 코아 샌드위치층이 장착될 예정이다. 제작을 위해 시편 시험을 포함한 복합 소재 제작 공정이 연구되었고 적층 몰드를 이용하여 유리 섬유 천으로 폼 코어 위로 상온 적충하는 방식이 채택되었으며, 복합소재 부품들은 실온과 대기압하에 경화시킨다. 일반적으로, 몰드부품들은 양산에 적합한 매끄러운 표면 조도와 표준 품질을 보여주었다. 본 연구에서는 소형 항공기 반디호 몰드 기술과 개발 상황을 기술하였다.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.100-106
• /
• 2014

There is a growing need to introduce advanced pressure vessel steels with higher strength and toughness for the optimizatiooCn of the design and construction of longer life and larger capacity nuclear power plants. SA508 Gr.4N Ni-Cr-Mo low alloy steels have superior strength and fracture toughness, compared to SA508 Gr.3 Mn-Mo-Ni low alloy steel. Therefore, the application of SA508 Gr.4N low alloy steel could be considered to satisfy the strength and toughness required in advanced nuclear power plants. The purpose of this study is to characterize the microstructure and mechanical properties of SA508 Gr.4N low alloy steels. 1 ton ingot of SA508 Gr.4N model alloy was fabricated by vacuum induction melting followed by forging, quenching, and tempering. The predominant microstructure of the SA508 Gr.4N model alloy is tempered martensite having small packet and fine Cr-rich carbides. The yield strength at room temperature was 540MPa, and it was decreased with an increase of test temperature while DSA phenomenon occurred at around $288^{\circ}C$. Overall transition property of SA508 Gr.4N model alloy was much better than SA508 Gr.3 low alloy steel. The index temperature, $T_{41J}$, of SA508 Gr.4N model alloy was $-132^{\circ}C$ in Charpy impact tests, and reference nil-ductility transition temperature, $RT_{NDT}$ of $-105^{\circ}C$ was obtained from drop weight tests. From the fracture toughness tests performed in accordance with the ASTM standard E1921 Master curve method, the reference temperature, $T_0$ was $-147^{\circ}C$, which was improved more than $60^{\circ}C$ compared to SA508 Gr.3 low alloy steels.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.129-134
• /
• 2011

일상생활에 필요한 전력공급을 제공받기 위해서는 한전 책임분기점 전주에서 전기실 수변전설비까지 시공방법을 설계도면을 숙지하고 현장작업 조건을 충분히 파악하여 한전 한전책임분계점 위치를 한전측과 협의하여 결정하고 전주에 책임분계점(수전점)의 지중케이블 입상주을 설치하고 옥외관로터파기 및 맨홀을 설치하며 파상형경질폴리에틸렌 전선관(125C) 및 CNCV-W특고케이블을 포설하고 전기실 수배전반설치까지의 공사과정을 면밀히 분석 검토하여 시공한다. 공동주택 전력계통의 핵심적인 부분인 한전 책임분계점에서 부터 옥외관로공사, 특고압지중전선로 및 수배전반설치까지 실제 현장에서 직접 시공한 내용을 기초로 하여 공동주택의 특고압인입공사 및 수배전반 설치에 대한 시공방법의 내용을 제시 하였다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2012

Carlos Jimenez's 'House and Studio' was self-designed to fully function as both a home and workplace. Since its establishment in 1983, the installation has been continuously updated for almost 30 years solely under the guidance of the owner's life occurrences and routine needs. The additions and alterations succeeding the building's erection were executed to incorporate small yet symbolic fragments of the resident's memories and life episodes. The particularity of the 'House and Studio' can be compared with other residential remodeling and expansion projects in regards to certain key aspects. These means of comparison include, but are not limited to, building strictly under the direction of a master plan of development vs. allowing natural adaptations that comply with the resident's needs, rapid development vs. gradual advancement, the ornamenting by exposing showy features vs. the enhancing by addition of modest natural components, sustainability vs. sustenance, systematic room divisions vs. ambiguous spatial organization, possession as a materialized asset vs. preservation as a recollection of memories, and finally the recognition as one example of signature architecture vs. the witnessing of a maturing animated shelter. The given propositions can be further explained with the comprehension of Erich Fromm's theory of the 'Having' mode and 'Being' mode, two mechanisms that categorize the essence of human life. The 'Having' mode is described by the human greed for wealth, power, and influence, whereas the 'Being' mode is comprised of compassion, joy, and productivity. Fromm's thesis applies to the general sense of human life, but the ideas can be narrowed to accommodate the architectural standpoint. In architecture, the 'Having' mode can be translated to be the conspicuous form-oriented and self-contained object. The 'Being' mode, on the other hand, is transposed as the more natural form, incorporating the needs of the owner before commercialization. The growth of Jimenez's 'House and Studio' can be perceived as an architectural suggestion to the overcoming of human indifference caused by fixation on the 'Having' mode.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제56권6호
• /
• pp.420-430
• /
• 2023

Background: This study provides an update to a landmark 2004 report describing demographics, training, and trends in adherence to thoracic surgery practice standards in Canada. Methods: An updated questionnaire was administered to all members of the Canadian Association of Thoracic Surgeons via email (n=142, compared to n=68 in 2004). Our report incorporates internal data from Ontario Health and the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. Results: Forty-eight surgeons completed the survey (male, 70.8%; mean±standard deviation age, 50.3±9.3 years). This represents a 33.8% response rate, compared to 64.7% in 2004. Most surgeons (69%) served a patient population of over 1 million per center; 32%-34% reported an on-call ratio of 1:4-1:5 days, and the average weekly hours worked was 56.4±11.9. Greater access to dedicated geographic units per center (73% in 2021 vs. 53% in 2004) has improved thoracic-associated services and house staff, notably endoscopy units (100% vs. 91%), with 73% of respondents having access to both endobronchial and endoscopic ultrasound. Access to thoracic radiology has also improved, particularly regarding positron emission tomography scanners per center (76.9% vs. 13%). Annual case volumes for lung (255 vs. 128), esophageal (41 vs. 19), and mediastinal resections (30 vs. 13), along with hiatal hernia repair (45 vs. 20), have increased substantially despite reports of operating room availability and radiology as rate-limiting steps. Conclusion: This survey characterizes compliance with current practice standards, addressing the needs of thoracic surgeons across Canada. Over 85% of respondents were aware of the 2004 compliance paper, and 35% had applied for resources and equipment in response.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.1467-1478
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to develop a curriculum for the oriental clinical nurse specialist program based on the understanding of Korean human beings so as to develop nursing as a profession and promote the client's health. The design of this study was based on literature review and nominal group study. The research was managed by East-West Nursing Research Institute of nursing science college at Kyung Hee University. The research team was composed of 17 professors of nursing departments of oriental medical colleges. We obtained opinions from Oriental Nurses Association, Oriental Nursing Research Association, and professors in oriental medical college. We reviewed articles, curriculums of other clinical nurse specialist programs, medical laws and the curriculum development plan for the oriental clinical nurse specialist program from Korean Nurses Association. We discussed a curriculum thoroughly in numerous meetings. We developed a following curriculum: 1. Educational philosophy was founded on the oriental human view which was based on Chun-In union theory. It was founded on the oriental health view which recognized health being in harmony with nature and the balance of body function with the harmony of Yin-Yang in the five elements. In addition, it was founded on oriental nursing view to promote these health states. 2. Educational goals were to train oriental clinical nurse specialists, oriental nursing educators and oriental nursing researchers who developed knowledge of oriental nursing theory, nursing practice and created a leadership. 3. Curriculum consisted of 48 credits, of which 36 credits are based on lectures and laboratory classes and 12 credits are based on clinical practice. 36 credits consisted of 5 general subject credits and 31 core subject credits. General subjects consisted of nursing theory, nursing research, law and ethics. Students who had earned master's degrees are not required to take the general subjects. Core subjects consisted of 11 subjects such as advanced physical examination and laboratory, oriental nursing theory, original text of oriental nursing, oriental medical nursing, oriental pediatric nursing, oriental gynecologic nursing, oriental gerontologic nursing, oriental pharmacology, oriental constitutional nursing, advanced nursing of channels and acupuncture points and laboratory and oriental rehabilitation nursing and laboratory. In addition, clinical practice in a hospital ward, out patient department, herb prepation room, department of physical therapy and health promotion center in oriental medical hospitals for 12 weeks. To admit this program, students should complete prerequisites of introduction to oriental nursing and nursing of channels and acupuncture points. 4. Course contents of each subjects were developed to include the course's goal and objectives and specific items. 5. Evaluation involved lecture, laboratory and in field practice. We applied various evaluation systems and methods that were based on both knowledge and skills of the students to ensure full credibility and validity.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.194-222
• /
• 1996

Various accidents and injuries are currently occurring in Korea at increasingly high rates. Good quality emergency care service is urgently needed to cope with these various forms of accidents and injuries. In order to develop a sound emergency care system, there need to be a plan to educate and train professionals specifically in emergency care. One solution for the on going problem would be to educate and train emergency clinical nurse specialists. This study on a strategy for curriculum development for emergency clinical nurse specialist was based on the following five content areas, developed from literature related to the curriculum of emergency nursing and emergency care situation : 1. Nurses working in the emergency rooms of three university hospitals were analyzed for six days to identify categories of nursing activities. 2. Two hundreds and eleven nurses working in the emergency rooms of 12 university hospitals were surveyed to identify needs for educational content that should be included in a curriculum for the clinical nurse specialist. 3. Examination of the environment in which emergency management was provided. 4. Identification of characteristics of patients in the emergency room. 5. The role of emergency clinical nurse specialist was identified through literature, recent data, and research materials. The following curriculum was formulated using the above mentioned process. 1. The philosophy of education for emergency clinical nurse specialist was established through a realistic philosophical framework. In this frame, client, environment, health, nursing, and learning have been defined. 2. The purpose of education is framed on individual development, social structure, nursing process and responsibility along with the role and function of the emergency clinical nurse specialist. 3. The central theme was based on human, environment, health and nursing. 4. The elements of structure in the curriculum content were divided to include two major threads, I, e., vertical and horizontal : The vertical thread to consist of the client, life cycle, education, research, leadership and consultation, and the horizontal thread to consist of level of nursing (prevention to rehabilitation), and health to illness based on the health care system developed by Betty Neuman system model. 5. Behavioral objectives for education were structured according to the emergency clinical nurse specialist role and function as a master degree prepared in various emergency settings. 6. The content of the curriculum consisted of three core courses(9 credits), five major courses(15 credits), six elective courses(12 credits) and six prerequisite courses (12 credits). Thus 48 credits are required. Recommendations : 1. To promote tile quality of the emergency care system, the number of emergency professionals, has to be expanded. Further the role and function of the emergency clinical nurse specialist needs to be specified in both the medical law and the Nursing Practice Act. 2. In order to upgrade the qualification of emergency clinical nurse specialists, the course should be given as part of the graduate Program. 3. Certification should be issued through the Korean Nurses Association.