• 한국키틴키토산학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2017

Red tide Heterosigma akashiwo (H. akashiwo), a microscopic alga of the class Raphidophyceae, causes extensive damage to all marine ecosystems. It is essential to reduce the damage to marine ecosystems for them to be used as a resource. In this study, we used organic solvent fractionation to obtain an ethyl acetate-methanol extract from H. akashiwo (HAEM80) and then evaluated its anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and a zebrafish model. HAME80 markedly inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$). It also down-regulated the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and decreased the secretion of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. HAME80 reduced yolk edema and improved the survival rate of LPS-stimulated zebrafish embryos; in addition, the extract significantly reduced the production of ROS and NO and attenuated cell death in this model. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the extract was used to confirm the identity of peaks 1-20. Taken together, our data suggest that H. akashiwo is a beneficial anti-inflammatory agent.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제1권
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• pp.55-61
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• 1960

Ion 교환수지(交換樹脂) cdumn chromatography법(法)에 의(依)해서 식용해조(食用海藻)인 '미역'의 단백성질소획분(蛋白性窒素劃分) 및 비단백성질소획분(非蛋白性窒素劃分)의 amino산함량(酸含量)을 정량(定量)하였다. 1. 단백성획분(蛋白性劃分)의 질소함량(窒素含量) (34.1mg/10g)은 비단백성획분질소(非蛋白性劃分窒素)(13i3mg/10g)의 약(約) 10배(倍)이다. 2. 양자(兩者)의 amino산조성(酸組成)은 서로 대조적(對照的)이고 그중(中) 단백성획분(蛋白性劃分)에는 필수(必須) amino산(酸)들이 고루 함유(含有)되어 있으며 그들 함유율(含有率)은 대두단백(大豆蛋白)의 경우(境遇)보다 높았다. 3. 비단백성획분(非蛋白性劃分) (80% ethanol가용(可溶))에는 상당량(相當量)의 Citrulline이 함유(含有)되어 있는것 이는 Ion 교환수지(交換樹脂) Column에서의 용리순위(溶離順位), 일차원(一次元) 및 이차원(二次元) paper chromatogram 상(上)에서의 위치(位置), 그리고 Ninhydrin 및 Ehrlich 시약(試藥)에 대(對)한 양성반응(陽性反應)에 의(依)해서 증명(證明)하였으나 그 정확(正確)한 함량(含量)은 150-cm column에서 Glycine과 중첩(重疊)되어서 용리(溶離)되는 관계(關係)로 알수 없고, 다만 이들 혼합물(混合物)의 질소량(窒素量)이 이획분전질소중(劃分全窒素中) 약(約) 30%에 상당(相當)함을 밝혔다. 4. 비단백성획분(非蛋白性劃分)에서 유리상태(遊離狀態)로 존재(存在)하는 새로운 peptide를 분리(分離)해 냈는데, 이는 염산가수분해후(鹽酸加水分解後) paper chromatography에 의(依)해서 조사(調査)한 바 Alanine, Gluatmic acid 및 Aspartic acid로 조성(組成)된 Tripeptide 임을 알았다. 5. '미역'(건조물(乾燥物))에는 약(約) 1%에 해당(該當)하는 다량(多量)의 Alanine이 함유(含有)되어 있는데 그 중(中) 약(約) 1/3량(量)이 유리상태(遊離狀態)로 존재(存在)함을 알았다.

• 환경생물
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1999

산업활동의 부산물인 chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs)와 같은 물질들의 대기권 유입으로 오존층의 파괴가 극심해짐에 따라 자외선의 지표유입량이 증가되는 추세를 보이는데, 특히 중파자외선의 증가는 DNA, 단백질, 지질 등에 의한 흡수를 통하여 생물학적 폐해를 야기할 수 있다는 점에서 주목된다. 최근 측정 결과 우리나라 동해안에서 해수표면에 도달되는 중파자외선 광량의 1%가 수심 l0 m까지 침투하는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 해양생태계 생산성의 대부분이 해양 수심의 상위 2.5%에 해당되는 투광대에 의존한다는 점을 감안할 때 자외선에 의한 막대한 생태학적 폐해를 예견하게 해준다. 실내배양실험 연구에서 중파자외선은 대형해조류의 생장 및 광합성을 억제하고 광합성 색소를 파괴하는 등의 생물독성학적 효과를 보였다. 반면, 자외선의 피해로부터 해조류를 보호해 주는 몇 가지 기작이 밝혀진 바 있는데, 어린시기의 갈조류 다시마는 청색광에 의한 광재활성화 능력을 함유한 것으로 보이고, 한국산 녹조 구멍갈파래와 홍조 도박류에서는 자외선을 강하게 차단하는 흡수물질이 형성됨을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 이러한 적응기능들이 해조류에서 보편적으로 나타나는 것인지에 대해서는 좀 더 연구가 필요하다. 해양생태계는 대기 중 CO$x_2$를 이용하여 1년에 약 100 Gt의 유기물질을 생산해내고, 인류가 소비하는 식품의 30%를 제공한다는 점에서 자외선에 의한 생물량의 감소는 해조류 뿐만 아니라 먹이망에 의해서 복잡한 연결구조를 지닌 생태계 전체의 붕괴를 야기할 수 있는 심각한 사안이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서, 자외선에 대한 피해를 연구 평가하여 전략을 세우고 이를 예측하는 예보시스템을 개발할 필요성이 절실히 부각된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1321-1324
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• 2003

To produce anti-malarial drugs, natural products were extracted from 18 species of marine algae by various mechanical methods. Twelve species of marine algae were found to have antiplasmodial activity by inhibiting the growth of the chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain FCR-3 with EC/sub 50/ values less than 100 ㎍/㎖. The methanol extract of Neoholmeria japonica had the strongest antiplasmodial activity with EC/sub 50/ value of 62 ㎍/㎖.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2014

In our continuing study on the antioxidant activity of Polysiphonia stricta, its crude extract was fractionated into n-hexane, 85% aqueous methanol (85% aq.MeOH), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and water fractions according to solvent polarity. The solvent fractions were evaluated for their potential to inhibit lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HT 1080 cells. The n-BuOH fraction most strongly inhibited both lipid peroxidation and ROS production in HT 1080 cells. The n-BuOH fraction was further separated by repeated silica gel column chromatography and RP-HPLC to give methyl aconitates (2 and 3). The chemical structure of isolated compounds was determinated by NMR spectral analysis.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.614-620
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• 2005

The antioxidative effect of Ecklonia cava, a brown marine alga, was investigated on radical scavenging, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and hydroxyl and alkyl radicals, using an electron spin resonance (ESR) technique, and on the inhibition of $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage using comet assay. E. cava was enzymatically hydrolyzed with five food industrial proteases (Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Kojizyme, Neutrase and Protamex) to prepare water-soluble extracts. All the proteolytic hydrolysates exhibited strong dose-dependent radical scavenging activities (above 80%) at a concentration of $2.5\;{\mu}g/mL$. Kojizyme extract (obtained by proteolytic hydrolysation of E. cava with Kojizyme) showed the highest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of around 98%. In addition, the $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage was determined using a comet assay, which was quantified by measuring the tail length. Reduction of DNA damage increased with increasing concentrations of Kojizyme extract from E. cava. These results indicated that E. cava has a potential as a valuable natural antioxidative source.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.9.1-9.6
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• 2020

Background: Fucosterol is a compound commonly found in algae that has various biological activities. The purpose of this study was to develop a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) validation method for fucosterol and to compare the fucosterol contents of 11 algal species from Ulleungdo, Korea. Method: In this study, we successfully isolated and identified fucosterol from a 70% EtOH extract of Sargassum miyabei, and subsequently conducted specificity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, and precision analyses for development of an HPLC validation method. Fucosterol contents were compared using the established HPLC validation conditions. Results: We successfully isolated fucosterol from a 70% EtOH extract of S. miyabei and identified it based on spectroscopic analysis. On the basis of HPLC validation using the fucosterol isolated from S. miyabei, we confirmed specificity (8.5 min), linearity (R² = 0.9998), LOD (3.20 ㎍ mL^-1), LOQ (9.77 ㎍ mL^-1), accuracy (intra-day and inter-day variation, 90-110%), and precision (RSD, 1.07%). Fucosterol contents in the 11 assessed algal species ranged from 0.22 to 81.67 mg g^-1, with the highest content being recorded in a 70% EtOH extract of Desmarestia tabacoides (81.67 mg g^-1), followed by that of Agarum clathratum (78.70 mg g^-1). Conclusions: The results indicate that 70% EtOH extracts of D. tabacoides and A. clathratum containing fucosterol with various effects can be potential alternative sources of fucosterol.

• 생약학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2010

In order to screen new receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is expected to be anticancer drug lead, we have investigated receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitory activity on the marine alga-derived symbiotic microorganisms (500 strains). The significant activities (over 70% inhibition at $10\;{\mu}g/ml$) were observed in the extracts of ten strains (Strain No.: MFA018, 019, 206, 242, 325, 335, 343, 344, 354, 356), isolated from marine red algae, five strains (Strain No.: MFA030, 126, 213, 324, 339), isolated from the brown algae, and one strain (Strain No.: MFA272), isolated from the marine green algae, respectively. Among the active strains, MFA019 and 356 showed strong receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitory activity with $IC_{50}$ values of 0.6 and $0.9\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.332-338
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• 2011

Two feeding trials were conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with Hizikia fusiformis or Ecklonia cava on the non-specific immune responses of parrot fish Oplegnathus fasciatus. Fish were fed experimental diets to which H. fusiformis or E. cava powder were added to final concentrations of 0, 2, 4 and 6%, respectively. After feeding for two weeks, phagocytic activity was significantly higher in fish fed diets containing H. fusiformis, but not E. cava, than in fish fed the basal diet. Lysozyme activity was significantly increased in the fish fed diets containing 6% H. fusiformis and E. cava. Myeloperoxidase activity was also significantly higher in fish fed diets containing 2 and 4% H. fusiformis, as compared to the basal diet, but not in those fish fed E. cava. These two studies indicate that dietary supplementation with H. fusiformis or E. cava could enhance the innate immune responses of parrot fish during their growth stage.

• ALGAE
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.261-273
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• 2017

Fine dust (FD) particles have become a major contributor to air pollution causing detrimental effects on the respiratory system and skin. Although some studies have investigated the effects of FD on the respiratory system, their possible effects on the skin remain under-explored. We investigated the FD mediated inflammatory responses in keratinocytes, present in the outer layers of skin tissues and the transfer of inflammatory potential to macrophages. We further evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of the polyphenolic derivative, diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) isolated from Ishige okamurae against FD-induced inflammation. Size distribution of FD particles was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. FD particles induced the production of cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E2 ($PGE_2$), interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 in HaCaT keratinocytes and the expression of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS), $PGE_2$, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Further, we evaluated the inflammatory potential of the culture medium of inflammation-induced HaCaT cells in RAW 264.7 macrophages and observed a marked increase in the expression of NO, iNOS, $PGE_2$, and proinflammatory cytokines. DPHC treatment markedly attenuated the inflammatory responses, indicating its effectiveness in suppressing a broad range of inflammatory responses. It also showed anti-inflammatory potential in in-vivo experiments using FD-stimulated zebrafish embryos by decreasing NO and reactive oxygen species production, while eventing cell death caused by inflammation.