• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.54-63
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• 1999

Considering that rural village had evolved through a long-sustained effort of harmnization with nature, there should be the wisdom not only to reflect the level of rural resident's housing demand, but also to conserve the traditional characteristics of high-valuation in the modern rural housing. In Korea , standard design proposals of rural houses had been made public three times ; in 1972 , 1984 and 1995. so , firstly, this study analysed the inner-space layouts of design proposals mentioned above, from which changes and problems in the past housing design were derived. And also, through, the positive acceptance of residents' opinion living inthe houses built by standard design proposals in 1970 ~1980's, improved design principles and an alternative model were proposed , finally. The inner-space structed of standard design proposals in 1970s was originated from small-scaled and low-priced one, basically under the " open system". In 1980s, the basic design principle changed to the 'closed system' in which the living room being the focus of indoor family life, and , in 1990s, progressively, therural housing developed to the high qualified type by the spatial enlargement and with increased equipements. However, this structural change of rural house brought about the problem of functional separatioon between farming and daily living activities. In details, limited spaces of multipurpose spaces and sanitary facility would be mentioned as problems for improvement. conclusively in this study, newoly arranged "open system" was recommended , as a basic design principle for theinner space structure formation of rural house, which easily links the constituent inner-house spaces to outer one. Based on this principle, the detailed design criterial was proposed as follows ; 1. The living room be directly linked to the front-yard and centrally placed, the addtional space of which could be secured for the special family events by the flexibleuse of its adjacent room or by the housing of male quarters(separated from main building quarter). 2. The kitchen also be directly linked to side-yard and to livng room , for the convenience of farming activities and the shortening of path flow housewife. 3. The expanded toilet-and-bathroom be placed in the directly connected left-hand side to the living room and also be allowed access through multipurpose spaces to out door. 4. The multipurpose spaces be directly connected to the kitchen and the toilet and-bathroom , of which function would be for undressing of working clothes, quickwashing and ordinary working.nd ordinary working.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.46
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• pp.23-61
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• 2017

This study aims to understand the using characteristics of TV animation and web-based animation of children and investigate the effects of change in viewing process on the purchase of character goods. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted for parents who have children as animation viewers. The results show that there was no difference by age or gender in using both TV and web animation. When parents get animation information on TV, they had their children watch animation through the same TV channel, but the web has no significant relationship between information acquisition path and main service they use. In addition, it is found that parent' perception of TV animation superiority is influenced by respondents' income and children's watching time of animation has no effect on it. Finally, monthly income of households, payment amount of web animation, watching time of TV animation, and perception of quality of TV animation have a significant effect on parents' active purchase of character goods. On the other hand, the purchase intention of the recommended goods is influenced by children's age, the parent's perception about the web animation quality, and the payments of the web animation.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.31-39
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• 2014

Purpose - Environmental issues, climatic changes, and greenhouse gases are problems to be solved at a global level. With an increased emphasis on the environmental and social responsibility of the management of companies, the manner in which companies approach quality-oriented culture and their individual sustainability management are being discussed as truly important issues to help them secure their competitiveness and growth strategies. This study proposes strategic directions to help manufacturers not only in expanding their competitive quality-oriented company culture but also in strengthening their sustainability management abilities. This study conducts a literature review and empirical research to examine how significantly the variables of a quality-oriented company culture, customer-centered management, and process-centered and supply chain management-centered cooperation affect sustainability management performance in relation to economic profitability, environmental integrity, and social responsibility. Research design, data, and methodology - To verify research models and hypotheses, the study examined 170 companies using a questionnaire survey conducted over six weeks, and involved the performance of data analysis on 146 samples. Questionnaire responses were calibrated based on a Likert scale. The study used the Smart PLS 2.0 program designed for PLS (partial least squares), an analysis instrument of SEM (structural equation modeling). The study then verified empirical research hypotheses working on reliability analysis, validity analysis, factorial analysis, and path analysis. Results - Among the nine hypotheses, four are accepted and the rest are rejected. A quality-oriented company culture focusing on customer-centered management significantly influenced the maintainability management performance of environmental integrity and social responsibility, while economic profitability was dismissed. A process-focused quality-oriented company culture was significantly concerned with economic profitability but not with environmental integrity or social responsibility. A supply-chain cooperative company culture had a significant effect on economic profitability but not on environmental integrity or social responsibility. Conclusion - This study proposes strategic directions to help manufacturers expand their competitive quality-oriented company culture as well as strengthen abilities with sustainability management. It conducts a literature review and empirical research to examine how significantly the variables of quality-oriented company culture, customer-centered management, and process-centered and supply chain management-centered cooperation affect sustainability management performance in relation to economic profitability, environmental integrity, and social responsibility. There are two main conclusions. First, companies should consider the need for social responsibility management and environmental transparent management-focused maintainability management as avenues to create new markets and business, thereby helping the companies secure a reputation for having a customer and process-centered quality-oriented company culture by creating shared values between supply chains and enabling win-win situations through cooperation. Second, we are marching towards a creative win-win era from a society of conflicts and ruptures. Companies should understand that social responsibility management and supply chain management (SCM)-focused cooperation are the foundations of sustainable development, as they try to improve their culture while pursuing both win-win relationships with interested parties and equity in various conflictive relations.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.12
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• pp.1015-1025
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• 2016

In general, manholes installed as urban drainage facilities are a variety forms such as straight path manholes, 90 degree bend manhole, three-way combining manhole, and four-way combining manhole. In particular, the surcharged flow at a four-way manholes installed in the downstream of urban sewer system is the main cause of the urban inundation caused by the energy loss. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the flow characteristics and estimate the head loss coefficients at surcharged four-way combining manholes. The hydraulic experimental apparatus which can change the manhole shapes (square, circle) and flow ratios were installed to estimate the head loss coefficients. In the experiments, two inflows ($Q_m$, $Q_{lat}$) were varied from 0 to $4.8{\ell}/sec$ and 24 combinations were tested in total. The flow ratios $Q_{lat}/Q_{out}$ were varied from 0 to 1 for a total flow $Q_{out}$ ($Q_{out}=Q_m+2Q_{lat}$) of 2, 3, 4, and $4.8{\ell}/sec$, respectively. The variation of head losses were strongly influenced by the lateral inflow because the head loss coefficient increases as the flow ratios $Q_{lat}/Q_{out}$ increases. It was estimated head loss coefficients of the circular manhole is slightly lower than those of the square manhole. However, there was no significant difference of head loss as discharges change. The range of head loss coefficients at four-way combining manhole according to the change of the lateral inflow ratio was estimated to be 0.4 to 0.8. Also, the relation equations between the head loss coefficients (K) and the lateral inflow ratios ($Q_{lat}/Q_{out}$) were suggested in this paper.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.444-449
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• 2002

The term 'impaction' is used to designate a tooth which remains unerupted in the jaw beyond the time at which it should normally be erupted. The main causal factors are local (lack of space, ectopic positions of teeth, supernumerary teeth, cyst, the occurrence of infectious process in the eruption path, traumatic facial injury etc.). Systemic and genetic disorders, however, may have primary failure of eruption and retarded eruption as additional symptoms (cleidocranial dysplasia, osteopetrosis etc.). Most cases of impacted teeth reported in the literature are of permanent teeth. The absence of primary teeth occur rarely whereas impaction of second primary molars is more numerous than all other impactions. Impaction due to primary failure of eruption must be distinguished from the secondary infraocclusion. The etiology of impaction of primary teeth is probably related to early ankylosis of primary teeth, but it is not clear. Failure of eruption of primary teeth may cause a number of complications, such as interference with development and eruption of succedaneous teeth, formation of cyst, and damage to adjacent teeth. This study is to report cases of primary failure of eruption in the primary dentition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.1115-1123
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• 2008

When constructing projects such as road embankments, bridge approaches, dikes or buildings on soft, compressible soils, significant settlements may occur due to the consolidation of these soils under the superimposed loads. The compressibility of the soil skeleton of a soft clay is influenced by such factors as structure and fabric, stress path, temperature and loading rate. Although it is possible to determine appropriate relations and the corresponding material parameters in the laboratory, it is well known that sample disturbance due to stress release, temperature change and moisture content change can have a profound effect on the compressibility of a clay. The early research of Tezaghi and Casagrande has had a lasting influence on our interpretation of consolidation data. The 24 hour, incremental load, oedometer test has become, more or less, the standard procedure for determining the one-dimensional, stress-strain behavior of clays. An important notion relates to the interpretation of the data is the ore-consolidation pressure ${\sigma}_p$, which is located approximately at the break in the slope on the curve. From a practical point of view, this pressure is usually viewed as corresponding to the maximum past effective stress supported by the soil. Researchers have shown, however, that the value of ${\sigma}_p$ depends on the test procedure. furthermore, owing to sampling disturbance, the results of the laboratory consolidation test must be corrected to better capture the in-situ compressibility characteristics. The corrections apply, strictly speaking, to soils where the relation between strain and effective stress is time independent. An important assumption in Terzaghi's one-dimensional theory of consolidation is that the soil skeleton behaves elastically. On the other hand, Buisman recognized that creep deformations in settlement analysis can be important. this has led to extensions to Terzaghi's theory by various investigators, including the applicant and coworkers. The main object of this study is to suggestion the modified compression index value to predict settlements by back calculating the $C_c$ from different numerical models, which are giving best prediction settlements for multi layers including very thick soft clay.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2016

The study analyzed big data extracted from Google and social media to identify factors related to searches on cyber bullying in Korea and America. Korea's cyber bullying analysis was conducted social big data collected from online news sites, blogs, $caf{\acute{e}}s$, social network services and message for between January 1, 2011 and March 31, 2013. Google search trends for the search words of stress, exercise, drinking, and cyber bullying were obtained for January 1, 2004 and December 22, 2013. The main results of this study were as follows: first, the significant factors stress were cyber bullying that Korea more than America. Secondly, a positive relationship was found between stress and drinking, exercise and cyber bullying both Korea and America. Thirdly, significant differences were found all path both Korea and America. The study shows that both adults and teenagers are influenced in Korea. We need to develop online application that if cyber bullying behavior was predicted can intervene in real time because these actual cyber bullying-related exposure to psychological and behavioral characteristic.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.17 no.11 s.114
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• pp.1050-1057
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• 2006

This paper proposes a new predistortion linearizer with amplitude modulator and PFG(Polar Function Generator) using second order harmonic signals. This linearizer consists of PFG that combine with in-phase and quadrature-phase of second harmonic signals and amplitude modulator in main path. The predistorted third order intermodulation distortion(IMD3) signals that are generated by amplitude modulator with fundamental and PFG signals, improve a amplifier nonlinear characteristics. The proposed linearizer and amplifier have been manufactured and tested to operate in cellular base-station transmitting band$(869\sim894MHz)$. The test results show that IMD3 can be removed by more than 22.5 dB in case of CW 2-tone signals ${\Delta}f=1$ MHz, and the adjacent channel power ratio(ACPR) also can be improved by more than 8.4 dB for CDMA IS-95 1FA signals.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.65-79
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• 2004

There are two purposes in this study. The first one is to collect some oral health information through the investigations upon the oral health care of Korean adults. Referring to the result of the investigation. I wanted to furnish fundamental data with oral health education for each age and with a publicity booklet editing. That is the second purpose of this research. Among the people who visited Seo-gu Public Health Center in Kwang-ju, 207 people answered the questionnaires. There were 86 men and 121 women from the 20-aged to the 59- aged. The questionnaires covers knowledge aquisition path for dental caries prevention, the cognition degrees for the causes of dental caries and its prevention, the cognition degrees for the causes of periodontal disease and its prevention, the degrees for oral health methods, and the importance of oral health. The conclusions are as follows; 1. The cognition degree for dental caries prevention: The cognition for pit and fissure sealant was appeared most highly in thirties by 85.3%. but 62.1 % in fifties was answered, "Never heard". The cognition degree for fluoride application was appeared most highly in thirties by 73.5%. and the cognition degree for water fluoridation was most highly in forties by 54.2%. 2. The knowledge for pit and fissure sealant was acquired mostly through dental hospital in every age by 54.2%. 3. The knowledge for fluoride application was learned mostly through dental hospitals in twenties and thirties by 32.7%. and mostly through TV or radio health programs in forties and fiftieseach by 35.7% and 50.0%. 4. The knowledge for water fluoridation was acquired through TV or radio programs in all ages such as twenties. thirties. forties and fifties. Its rate was 57.8%. 5. The cognition degree of the cause of dental caries: 53.1 % of all ages think that dental caries can most frequently be caused by being lack of toothbrushing. 6. The cognition degree of the cause of periodontal disease: 58.5% people of all ages think that both dental plaque and calculus might be the main cause of periodontal disease. 7. The cognition degree of dental caries prevention: 72.8% people think that dental caries can be prevented by right tooth brushing method. and 8.7% people think that they can be prevented by scaling. However, 10.7% people of them were not interested in dental caries prevention. 8. The importance of oral health: 35.3% people think that teeth health is the most important, and 63.8% people think oral health is one of the most important health problems. Forties answered that tooth health was the most important thing, and fifties. thirties and twenties followed in the order. 9. The cognition for oral health maintenance: all ages(twenties. thirties. forties. and fifties) answered that right toothbrushing method was the best way to keep oral health by 69.1%.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.12 no.1 s.28
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• pp.69-77
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• 2004

Since there are a lot of changes in climate on domestic and natural disasters owing to the disturbance-development of the land, damages of properties and human life frequently occur due to the coastal floodings. Accordingly, it is necessary to find the area where the danger of flooding coasts is relatively high and to inform resident the characteristics of the area As a part of preventive land management to minimize the flooding damages of the coastal area, this study suggested the generation of the coastal flood hazard map that provides detailed information such as refuge path, a place of refuge, and the location of medical supplies, food, and main rescue equipment, etc. This study selected the southern region of Daebu-do as an exemplary area, conducted a document study to establish GIS data, secured pre-structured data, and suggested the method of establishing GIS data fit to the study area. In particular, it emphasized the efficient construction of the geographical spatial data that were accurate, economic, objective, and realistic in supporting the modeling to predict the flooding zone. The specific type of established database was divided into flooding risk area, flooding warning area, and flooding-volume area. The prototype of coastal flood hazard map can be widely used for efficient disaster management. Furthermore, it is considered that the map could be applied for arousing residents' attentions to the flooding, prior education, and local governments' management actions against the danger of flooding.