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http://dx.doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2016.49.12.1015

An experimental study for estimation of head loss coefficients at surcharged four-way combining manholes  

Ryu, Taek Hee (Department of Civil Engineering, Kyonggi Univ.)
Kim, Jung Soo (Department of Civil Engineering, Bucheon Univ.)
Yoon, Sei Eui (Department of Civil Engineering, Kyonggi Univ.)
Publication Information
Journal of Korea Water Resources Association / v.49, no.12, 2016 , pp. 1015-1025 More about this Journal
Abstract
In general, manholes installed as urban drainage facilities are a variety forms such as straight path manholes, 90 degree bend manhole, three-way combining manhole, and four-way combining manhole. In particular, the surcharged flow at a four-way manholes installed in the downstream of urban sewer system is the main cause of the urban inundation caused by the energy loss. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the flow characteristics and estimate the head loss coefficients at surcharged four-way combining manholes. The hydraulic experimental apparatus which can change the manhole shapes (square, circle) and flow ratios were installed to estimate the head loss coefficients. In the experiments, two inflows ($Q_m$, $Q_{lat}$) were varied from 0 to $4.8{\ell}/sec$ and 24 combinations were tested in total. The flow ratios $Q_{lat}/Q_{out}$ were varied from 0 to 1 for a total flow $Q_{out}$ ($Q_{out}=Q_m+2Q_{lat}$) of 2, 3, 4, and $4.8{\ell}/sec$, respectively. The variation of head losses were strongly influenced by the lateral inflow because the head loss coefficient increases as the flow ratios $Q_{lat}/Q_{out}$ increases. It was estimated head loss coefficients of the circular manhole is slightly lower than those of the square manhole. However, there was no significant difference of head loss as discharges change. The range of head loss coefficients at four-way combining manhole according to the change of the lateral inflow ratio was estimated to be 0.4 to 0.8. Also, the relation equations between the head loss coefficients (K) and the lateral inflow ratios ($Q_{lat}/Q_{out}$) were suggested in this paper.
Keywords
Four-Way Combining Manholes; Head Loss Coefficient; Surcharged Flow; Urban Sewer System;
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Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
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