• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.481-485
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• 2009

Gabai's sutured manifold theory has produced many remarkable results in knot theory. Let M be the compact oriented 3-manifold and (M, ${\gamma}$) be sutured manifold. The aim of this note is to show that there exist a sutured manifold decomposition and a surface of M which defines a sutured manifold decomposition.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.803-811
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• 2014

The moment when Electrical Vehicle (EV) starts charging or discharging is one of the most important parameters in estimating the impact of EV load on the grid. In this paper, a decision-making problem of determining the start time of charging and discharging during allowed period is proposed and studied under the uncertainty of real-time price. Prospect theory is utilized in the decision-making problem of this paper for it describes a kind of decision making behaviors under uncertainty. The case study uses the parameters of Springo SGM7001EV and adopts the historical realtime locational marginal pricing (LMP) data of PJM market for scenario reduction. Prospect values are calculated for every possible start time in the allowed charging or discharging period. By comparing the calculated prospect values, the optimal decisions are obtained accordingly and the results are compared with those based on Expected Utility Theory. Results show that with different initial State-of-Charge ($SoC_0$) and different reference points, the optimal start time of charging can be the one between 12 a.m. to 3 a.m. and optimal discharging starts at 2 p.m. or 3p.m. Moreover, the decision results of Prospect Theory may differ from that of the Expected Utility Theory with the reference points changing.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.15-34
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• 2012

In the present paper, an improved high-order theory is used for bending analysis of soft-core sandwich plates. Third-order plate assumptions are used for face sheets and quadratic and cubic functions are assumed for transverse and in-plane displacements of the orthotropic soft core. Continuity conditions for transverse shear stresses at the interfaces as well as the conditions of zero transverse shear stresses on the upper and lower surfaces of the plate are satisfied. Also, transverse flexibility and transverse normal strain and stress of the orthotropic core are considered. The equations of motion and boundary conditions are derived by principle of minimum potential energy. Analytical solution for bending analysis of simply supported sandwich plates under various transverse loads are presented using Navier's solution. Comparison of the present results with those of the three-dimensional theory of elasticity and some plate theories in the literature confirms the accuracy of the proposed theory.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.209-219
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• 2005

Tor-torsion theory was defined by Jan Trlifaj in 2000. In this paper we introduce the notion of Co envelopes, CoCovers and Tor-generators as dual of envelopes, covers and generators in cotorsion(Ext-torsion) theory and deduce that each R-module has a projective and a cotorsion coprecover.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.29-36
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• 2005

Objectives : This study is performed to understand the interrelation between 'Foot soyang muscle of the Gall bladder channel' and 'muscular system' on the basis of the link between meridian muscle theory and myofascial pain syndrome. Methods : We have researched some of oriental medical books about meridian muscle theory and western medical books about anatomical muscular system. Results & Conclusion : 1. Myofascial pain syndrome is the medical treatment which finds the start point of the pain in fascia and then treats it on the basis of object and concrete anatomical theory, so its application is needed for objectification of the oriental medicine. 2. There is a wide difference between myofascial pain syndrome and meridian muscle theory in that the former explains each muscle individually, while the latter classifies muscles systematically in the view of organism. 3. Foot soyang muscle contains Dorsal interosseous m, Extensor digitorum longus m, Musculus peroneus brevis, longus and, tertius, lliotibial tract, Vastus lateralis m, Gluteus m, Aximus m, Piriformis m, Tensor fasciae latae m, Gluteus minimus m, Obliquus internus & externus abdominis m, External & Internal intercostal m, Serratus anterior m, Pectoralis major m, Sternocleidomastoid m, Auricularis posterior m, Temporalis m, Masseter m, Orbicularis oculi m etc. on the basis of function and the nature of a disease reflected in muscle. 4. Foot soyang muscle keeps the balance of left md right of the body on the outside, while the Gall bladder keeps the balance of the JangBuKiHyeul(臟腑氣血) on the inside.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.409-423
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• 2008

Many researches have reported that it is difficult to solve students' difficulties in learning science with teaching models focused on certain aspects because of various reasons. Recently, in science education research, the integrated perceptive has been to put emphasis on understanding complex situations of real teaching and learning. In this research context, the integrated mental model theory that were considered as a whole factor related to learning has been studied by integrating previous studies that related to students' conceptions and learning in various fields. Thus, it is needed that the teaching model be based on the integrated mental model theory to help students to solve their difficulties. The purpose of this research was to develop a new teaching model based on the integrated mental model theory to address this issue. We reviewed current studies on student difficulties and teaching models. After this, we developed 4M learning cycle teaching model. In this paper, we described the process of developing a new teaching model and discussed how to apply this teaching model to the practices. We also discussed the effects of 4M learning cycle teaching model based on the integrated mental model theory in learning science with its implications.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1998 no.11
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• pp.74-75
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• 1998

The present study employs weak shock theory and bio-heat transfer function to predict the temperature rise due to nonlinear propagation of high amplitude ultrasound. The theory shows that, for the focused ultrasound which is assumed to have an gaussian beam profile and has the focal intensity of $1000W/cm^2$, the temperature rise of liver tissue exposed for 1 second to the energy lost during nonlinear propagation goes up to about $30^{\circ}C$. This indicate that it is necessary to consider the nonlinear propagation induced heating enhancement when setting exposure condition of high intensity focused ultrasound used for cancer thermotherapy.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.233-249
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• 2008

We present new fixed point theorems for inward and weakly inward Urysohn type maps. Also we discuss $M{\ddot{o}}nch$ Kakutani and contractive type maps.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.709-721
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• 2005

G. Gruenhage gave a characterization of paracompactness of locally compact spaces in terms of game theory ([6]). Starting from that result we give another such characterization using a selective version of that game, and study a selection principle in the class of locally compact spaces and its relationships with game theory and a Ramseyan partition relation. We also consider a selective version of paracompactness.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.123-137
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• 2013

Individuals rely on Theory of Mind (ToM) to represent themselves, others, and socio-cultural norms. Distinctive Western and Eastern developmental patterns of ToM have been reported in monocultural children. Relatively little is known about bicultural children, especially those children who grow up in two conflicting and unbalanced cultures. We hypothesized that the development of ToM in these bicultural preschoolers would follow the pattern of the dominant culture. To examine this hypothesis, we recruited English-speaking Chinese Singaporean preschoolers. In Study 1, we tested 3- to 5-year-olds (N = 120) with 5 ToM tasks, including diverse desires, diverse beliefs, knowledge access, and false belief, as well as a vocabulary task. In Study 2, we tested 5-year-olds (N = 30) with a picture-choice version of these ToM tasks. Both studies supported our hypothesis by revealing that the development of ToM in these bicultural children followed the pattern of the dominant culture. Additionally, we found that 5-year-old bicultural children are still developing false belief, and their verbal ability correlated with their ToM.