• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.431-441
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a sexuality education course of study for students in the lower grades of elementary school. Method: On the basis of the sexuality education guidebook for elementary school students published by Korea Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development, the state-designated textbooks for first to third grade were analyzed. Results: 1) In the category of physical and psychological development, physical development and psychosexual development content were covered, but not sexual health content. 2) In the category of understanding of human relationship, marriage and family, and the opposite sex and love were presented but self-determination and selection were only partially presented. 3) In the category of sexual culture and sexual ethics, sexual role in society was covered, but not social environment or equality of the sexes. Conclusion: These results suggest that content on sexuality which is not covered in textbooks for students in lower grades should be included in other school courses or activities in class.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 1994

Feeding preference of cigarette beetle, Lasioderma sewicorne F., on cured tobacco leaves was investigated to obtain basic information on ecological management of the insect pest in tobacco storage warehouses. About 3, 000-4, 000 adults of the insect were released in a warehouse in which groud tobacco leaves were placed on the bottom and at 3m above the floor level, and numbers of insects attracted were examined. There was no significant difference on feeding preference between the two tobacco varieties, flue-cured(NC82) and air-cured(Br3l) tobacco leaves. However, significant differences were noted in feeding preference between thick and thin leaves and among different quality grades within a tobacco variety. Feeding preferences of cigarette beetle between flue- and air- cured tobacco varieties showed significant differences on the lower position, though there were no differences on the 3m upper position. On the 3m upper position, feeding preferences were different between thick and thin leaves of tobacco varieties, and variety X thickness and variety X thickness equality grades showed statistically significant differences. Significantly higher feeding preference by cigarette beetle adults was observed for the food placed on the 3m upper than on the lower position. There were negative correlations between quality grades of cured tobacco leaves and feeding preference on the lower position, and the regression equation was Y(feeding preference)=4.050-0.683 X (degree).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.212-221
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• 2011

This study was conducted to identify differences in growth based on the obesity index in sixth grade. Heights and weights of 141 students from first to sixth grades were collected from school records. Other information was gathered by survey, and the weight length index (WLI) was calculated. Subjects were classified into three groups: underweight (n = 57, UG), normal (n = 53, NG), and obese (n = 31, OG) using the WLI. Differences in weight, height, and growth velocity were compared among the three groups from the first to sixth grades. With regard to growth, the past physical status of the three groups was maintained. More than 50% of the OG was in the overweight range when they were in the third to fifth grades. Approximately 60% of NG was in the normal weight range between the first and fifth grades. More than 70% of UG was in the underweight range when they were in the first to fifth grades (p < 0.001). Growth velocity was faster in OG than that in NG and UG (p < 0.001). The annual growth rate of children was the highest when they moved from the third to the fourth grade (p < 0.001). The results indicate that general balanced diet education should be implemented in lower grades, because physical growth formed in lower grades tended to be maintained in senior grades. It would be better to educate students about diet to prevent obesity before the fifth grade when a major change in body structure has occurred.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.761-768
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• 2021

Recently, various platforms and contents for artificial intelligence education have been developed, but artificial intelligence education programs for the lower grades of elementary school are insufficient. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop an artificial intelligence education program for learners in the lower grades of elementary school. It was designed using the Novel Engineering with various convergence education research cases for software education. After the first program was developed, it was verified by expert validity test, and the program was modified and developed accordingly. It was necessary to construct a program based on spoken language rather than written language in consideration of the level of learners in the lower grades in the process of acquiring Hangeul, and to secure the number of educational hours through integration between subjects. It is expected that this study can suggest a new direction for artificial intelligence education for elementary and lower grade learners.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.303-314
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• 2019

Since 2019, the informatics education is being conducted for elementary school 5th, 6th grade students through the curriculum revised 2015. But, informatics education is implemented from the lower grades of elementary school in many countries. The purpose of this study was to suggest the direction in the choice of programming language considering characteristics for lower grades student. In order to achieve the goal, evaluation criteria were developed considering the development characteristics of lower grades and necessary elements of educational programming language. The results of analyzing the usability of the two languages based on the criterion are as follows. First, Viscuit can be used to consider the expressive power of students with lower school age or to learn algorithms without learning about programming concepts. Second, ScratchJr is easy to learn the concept of algorithm and programming. This study is meaningful in that has presented implications considering the developmental state of the students in preparation for rhe programming education.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2021.08a
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• pp.275-281
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• 2021

Much of our lives are closely related to artificial intelligence, and society is changing more rapidly. Reflecting this era, the need for artificial intelligence education has emerged and various learning methods have been proposed, but guidance on artificial intelligence teaching and learning activities for lower grades elementary school students is insufficient. Therefore, in this study, the data collection education program for the lower grades of elementary school was developed based on the contents standards of the Korea Foundation for the Advancement of Science & Creativity. Focusing on the principles of artificial intelligence and the detailed data area of the utilization area, the focus was on expressing numbers and letters in various ways, such as colors and pictures, and finding various types of data in life to learn the principles of artificial intelligence. Through this program, it is expected that lower-grade elementary school students will be able to understand the importance of data collection in artificial intelligence through the process of knowing about data and collecting sound, picture, and text data.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2021.08a
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• pp.123-129
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• 2021

Recently, various platforms and contents for artificial intelligence education have been developed, but artificial intelligence education programs for the lower grades of elementary school are insufficient. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop an artificial intelligence education program for learners in the lower grades of elementary school. It was designed using the Novel Engineering, and its validity was verified by expert validation. It was necessary to construct a program based on spoken language rather than written language in consideration of the level of learners in the lower grades in the process of acquiring Hangeul, and to secure the number of educational hours through integration between subjects. There have been various research cases of software education with Novel Engineering, and its effectiveness has been verified. Artificial intelligence education is also expected to be applied in the school field through Novel Engineering.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.22-31
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• 2019

This study aims to elucidate the relationship between physics and mathematics to predict achievement for the college level of engineering courses. For the last 4 years, more than 3,000 engineering college freshmen of this study took the diagnostic tests on three subjects, which were physics, mathematics, and chemistry before enrollment. We studied how strongly these diagnostic scores can predict each general college course grades. The correlation between the physics diagnostic scores and the course grades in physics was .264, which was significantly lower than the correlation between the mathematics scores and the physics grades, .311. This stronger prediction of the mathematical diagnostic scores for the general course grades was not found when predicting the grades in chemistry. We therefore conclude that mathematical preparation can unexpectedly predict future achievement in physics better than physics preparation due to the academic interrelationships between mathematics and physics.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.647-660
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of nutrition education program and pamphlet for the lower grades elementary students focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System. Program consisted of four lessons (40 min/lesson), "5 major nutrients & function", "6 food group and sources", "daily needed food exchange units for normal body weight", and "smart snack choice and exercise". Pamphlet as activity book was developed for the program. The subjects were 3rd grade elementary students (educated group, 31 vs. non-educated group, 31). Educated group were lessoned as group and/or individual. We examined the differences in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, dietary intakes and satisfaction of the program and pamphlet. In educated group, there were positive improvements on nutrition knowledge score "function and foods of 5 nutrients" and on dietary attitudes "type of breakfast and snacks". In the evaluation of dietary intakes according to KDRI, there were positive improvements on intakes level of riboflavin, vit. C, folate, Ca, P, Fe and Zn in educated group. In satisfaction with the program and pamphlet, contents, font size, visual, figure, difficulty and program curriculum were over 2.90/3.0. It showed that the developed nutrition education program and pamphlet focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System improved nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrients intake level in the lower grades elementary students.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

With the development of artificial intelligence, society is moving toward another world that has never existed before. As a result, interest in artificial intelligence education is also increasing, and research on artificial intelligence education is being conducted more actively in Korea. However, many studies have been conducted focusing on the upper grades of elementary school, and curriculum and programs for the lower grades are still insufficient. Therefore, in this study, a total of 6 sessions of artificial intelligence programs were developed to understand image recognition for the lower grades of elementary school. The validity was secured by conducting expert validity for 8 experts, and the effectiveness was verified through the pre-post-response sample t-test by applying it to the experimental group. As a result, both artificial intelligence understanding and artificial intelligence attitude showed statistically significant results, and both the interest and difficulty of educational programs were found to be suitable for lower grade students. Based on the contents of this study, it is necessary to review its application and effectiveness in various environments through follow-up studies in the future.