• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2015

In this study, we analyzed the correlation between mechanical and electrical properties of low-temperature conductive film (LT-CF) bonded silicon solar cells by a quadrant analysis (horizontal axis (peeling strength), vertical axis (power loss)). We found that a series of points with various bonding parameters such as bonding temperature, pressure and time were distributed in the different three regimes; weak regime (Q2: weak bonding strength and high power loss), moderate regime (Q4 : strong bonding strength and low power loss) and hard regime (Q3 : weak bonding strength and low power loss). Using this analogous technique, it was possible to fabricate the LT-CF bonded silicon solar cells with the various conditions displayed in Q3 of the quadrant plots, possessing the peeling strength of ~ 1N/mm and power loss of 2~3%.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2012

The line-width of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was studied as a function of the temperature at a frequency of 9.49 GHz in the presence of external electromagnetic radiation. The relative frequency dependence of the absorption power is obtained with the projection operator technique (POT) proposed by Kawabata. The line-width increased as the temperature increased in the high-temperature region (T>200 K). The scattering is little affected in the low-temperature region (T<200 K) because there is no correlation between the resonance field and the Fermi-Dirac distribution function. Thus, the present technique is considered to be more convenient to explain the resonant system as in the case of other optical transition problems.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2012

Starting with Kubo's formula and using the projection operator technique introduced by Kawabata, EPR lineprofile function for a $Mn^{2+}$-doped wurtzite structure GaN semiconductor was derived as a function of temperature at a frequency of 9.49 GHz (X-band) in the presence of external electromagnetic field. The line-width is barely affected in the low-temperature region because there is no correlation between the resonance fields and the distribution function. At higher temperature the line-width increases with increasing temperature due to the interaction of electrons with acoustic phonons. Thus, the present technique is considered to be more convenient to explain the resonant system as in the case of other optical transition systems.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.495-501
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• 1991

This study is intended to make defect-free region, denuded zone at the silicon wafer surface for semiconductor device substrates. In this experiment, initial oxygen concentration of starting material CZ-grown silicon wafer, various heat treatment combinations, denuding ambient and the amounts of oxygen reduction were measured, and then denuded zone (DZ) formation and depth were investigated. In Low/High anneal (DZ formation could be achieved), the optimum temperature for Low anneal was 700$^{\circ}C$∼750$^{\circ}C$. In case of High anneal, with the time increased, DZ depth was increased at 1000$^{\circ}C$, 1150$^{\circ}C$ respectively, but on the contrary, DZ depth was decreased at low temperature 900$^{\circ}C$. As well, out-diffusion time below 2 hours was unsuitable for effective Gettering technique even though the temperature was high, and DZ formation could be achieved when initial oxygen concentration was only above 14 ppm in silicon wafer.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.56-63
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• 1996

Low-temperature plasma treatment or sputter etching is of interest as one of the techniques to modify polymer surface. In this study, poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET), nylon 6 and cotton fabrics dyed three black dyes were subjected to low-temperature argon plasma and also sputter etching. In relation to bathochromic effect, the surface characteristics of the treated fabrics and films were investigated by means of critical surface tension, SEM and ESCA measurement. The depth of shade of fabrics more increased by the sputter etching technique than argon plasma treatment. Many microcraters on the fiber surface formed by the sputter etching resulted in increase of surface area of the fiber and wettability, but the hydrophobic group was increased by the results of ESCA analysis. In particular the change in reflective index of the fibers was much more effective than the chemical composition of the fiber surface on increasing of the depth of shade.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.3-11
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• 2001

Fundamental studies at the CSIRO division of Wool technology and ICI on the diffusion of dyes into wool〔1,2〕have let to development of a new approach to wool dyeing. In this method, the cell membrane complex of wool is modified before dyeing by treatment under mildly alkaline conditions with a special chemicals. Wool pretreated with ethoxylated quaternary ammonium salt has an increased rate of dyebath exhaustion and dye penetration early in the dyeing cycle. This enables the treated material to be dyed below the boil for a similar time to the conventional cycle. This technique can be used on untreated and shrinkresist-treated wool and wool/nylon blends. In addition to good macro-levelness and excellent coverage of tippiness, the low temperature dyeing process give higher exhaustion levels of dyestuffs and insect-resist agent and hence cleaner effluent liquors, compared with conventional dyeing process. Low Temperature Dyeing process cause significantly less fiber damage than conventional way. The reduction in damage is reflected in improved processing performance of the dyed wool.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07c
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• pp.2156-2159
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• 2005

ADS(Address Display Period Separation) driving method has been considered to be the most appropriate driving technique for AC PDP. ADS driving method is composed of reset, address, sustain and erase period. Therefore, a long time should be allocated to an address period, which results in a reduction of brightness. To realize a high luminance and high picture quality, it is necessary to high speed addressing. However, address discharge time lag increases as the temperature decreases, which can cause the misfiring and low picture quality In this paper, the electric field effect and priming particle effect are investigated in order to reduce the address discharge time lag at low temperature. Address discharge time lag was reduced effectively when the priming particles are provided.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.32 no.1 s.120
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• pp.13-19
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• 2007

Storage rough rice in low temperature using the winter cold air avoids rough rice temperature increase which happens from early May, and this is possible by installing a cooling system in the top of a bin, the room between top rice level and bin ceiling. The research objective is to establish low temperature rough rice storage technique, furnishing winter cold air to rough rice, by investigating the cooling system potential of maintaining low rough rice temperature and by analyzing rough rice storage characteristics over a storage period. The rough rice storage characteristics were evaluated from January to August 2003, using a storage and dry bin of 400-ton capacity. Results of this research are as follows: Cooling bin using the cooling system in the top of the bin maintained the rice temperature less than 15$^{\circ}C$ in entire portions in August. Moisture contents and germination rates of rough rice were decreased over the storage period, on the other hand, the rough rice stored in the ambient temperature bin had relatively lower moisture contents and germination rates to compare with the bin using winter cold air. Crack ratio and acid value of brown rice in the ambient temperature bin storage had increased more than the cooling bin storage. The result indicates that the storage bin using winter cold air and the cooling system maintains moisture content and germination of rice, minimizes cracked kernel and acid value, and preserves rice quality as well.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.661-674
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• 2021

Edwardsiellosis is difficult to treat in cultured olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. It is present in the fish for a long period during all growth stages, and it often leads to mass mortalites. In this paper, the clinical patterns of Edwardsiellosis were analyzed by dividing the data into the whole-water temperature, low-water temperature, low-high water temperature, high-water temperature, and high-low water temperature groups based on various clinical signs of diseased cultured olive flounder using a decision tree technique. In the clinical sign patterns in the decision trees analyzed in the experiment, clinical signs in the liver, such as liver nodules, liver hemorrhages, and liver degeneration, were selected as the criteria for determining Edwardsiellosis. The selected clinical signs were known as the major clinical signs of Edwardsiellosis, and through consultation with fishery disease experts, the analysis confirmed that the clinical signs of Edwardsiellosis were successfully found in this study.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.425-440
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• 2018

Purpose: This study is aimed at developing of the flex resistance testing process at low temperature with the waterproof fabric to suit the military environment, and is designed to fit for the purpose of the waterproof materials in order to optimize the test method by finding out matters to improve from existing the test method and through previous studies. Methods: The test method, which has been applied to flex resistance of existing water-repellent materials, was improved and consequently, differentiated test results could be obtained according to the test temperature, sample size, and flexing method. Results: The testing of the total of 8 samples revealed that performance of the military requirement could hardly be met just by presenting the materials or 2~3 layers when the quality criteria for high functional water repellent fabrics were applied. PTFE(Polytetrafluoroethylene) is preferred to PU(Polyurethane) to be used in the extremely low-temperature environment, but durability under the low-temperature environment may be varied depending on film thickness or laminating technique even if the materials of waterproof films are identical. Therefore, in addition to the material or texture, the test method capable of reflecting durability under the low-temperature environment shall be suggested, and the newly designed test method proposed in this study was shown to suggest differentiated quality criteria by the material. Conclusion: The water resistance measurement and the test method following flex resistance with expanded range of flex will enable the differentiable test of the samples according to the number of repetition. This study is meaningful in that it suggests a differentiable test method capable of establishing a basis of deciding suitable material when selecting military goods made of water repellent material by properly improving the test method.