• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.487-496
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• 2019

For a solid-state transformer (SST), some factors, such as signal delay, switching loss and differences in the system parameters, lead to unbalanced DC-link voltages among the cascaded H-bridges (CHB). With a control method implemented in the ${\alpha}{\beta}$ frame, the DC-link voltages are balanced, and the reactive power is equally distributed among all of the H-bridges. Based on the ${\alpha}{\beta}$ frame control, the system can achieve independent active current and reactive current control. In addition, the control method of the high-voltage stage is easy to implement without decoupling or a phase-locked loop. Furthermore, the method can eliminate additional current delays during transients and get the dynamic response rapidly without an imaginary current component. In order to carry out the controller design, the vector refactoring relations that are used to balance DC-link voltages are derived. Different strategies are discussed and simulated under the unbalanced load condition. Finally, a three-cell CHB rectifier is constructed to conduct further research, and the steady and transient experimental results verify the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed method.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2021

Dynamic behavior of piezoelectric ZnO nanowires is investigated using finite element analyses (FEA) on FE models constructed based on previous experimental observations in which nanowires having aspect ratios of 1:2. 1:31, and 1:57 are obtained during a hydrothermal process. Modal analyses predict that nanowires will vibrate in lateral bending, uniaxial elongation/contraction, and twisting (torsion), respectively, for the three ratios. The natural frequency for each vibration mode varies depending on the aspect ratio, while the frequencies are in a range of 7.233 MHz to 3.393 GHz. Subsequent transient response analysis predicts that the nanowires will behave quasi-statically within the load frequency range below 10 MHz, implying that the ZnO nanowires have application potentials as structural members of electromechanical systems including nano piezoelectric generators and piezoelectric dynamic strain sensors. When an electric pulse signal is simulated, it is predicted that the nanowires will deform in accordance with the electric signal. Once the electric signal is removed, the nanowires exhibit a specific resonance-like vibration, with the frequency synchronized to the signal frequency. These predictions indicate that the nanowires have additional application potential as piezoelectric actuators and resonators.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Water electrolysis technology, which generates hydrogen using renewable energy resources, has recently attracted great attention. Especially, the polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis system has several advantages over other water electrolysis technologies, such as high efficiency, low operating temperature, and optimal operating point. Since research that analyzes performance characteristics using test bench have high cost and long test time, however, model based approach is very important. Therefore, in this study, a system model for water electrolysis dynamics of a polymer electrolyte membrane was developed based on MATLAB/Simulink®. The water electrolysis system developed in this study can take into account the heat and mass transfer characteristics in the cell with the load variation. In particular, the performance of the system according to the stack temperature control can be analyzed and evaluated. As a result, the developed water electrolysis system can analyze water pump dynamics and hydrogen generation according to temperature dynamics by reflecting the dynamics of temperature.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2000

연안 소형 어선의 조업 효율을 향상시키기 위한 연구의 일환으로 소형 유압식 어로윈치시스템을 설계하고, auto tension 기능을 내장시켜 이 시스템의 개루프 상태에 대한 동적 응답 특성을 분석, 고찰한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 본 연구에서 설계, 제작한 소형 윈치시스템은 갑판상 어느 장소에서도 조작이 가능하도록 원격조작방식을 채용하고 있기 때문에 어로 작업시의 인력 감소와 작업의 효율성을 높일수 있다고 생각된다. 2. 솔레노이드 밸브를 ou/off 조작하여 윈치를 구동할 때, 정전 및 역전 구동 조작에 대한 윈치 드럼의 회전 지연시간(dead time)은 각각 0.09 sec, 0.04 sec이었다. 또한 on/off 레버의 조작을 행한 직후 응답 특성은 약간 불안정하였지만, 짧은 경과 시간을 거쳐 안정되는 추종성능을 나타내었다. 3. 윈치를 auto tension mode로서 구동하는 경우, 윈치의 회전축에 55.9 kgf$.$m 이상의 토오크가 작용하면 윈치는 5.1 rpm의 회전속도로서 줄을 풀어내고, 그 이하의 토오크가 작용하면 11.1 rpm의 회전속도로서 줄을 감아들이는 자동 권양 윈치의 기능을 발휘한다. 4. 윈치의 auto tension mode에 대한 과도 응답에서 부하가 급격히 증가할 때와 감소할 때의 정정 시간은 0.12 sec, 0.2sec이었고, 그 때의 회전속도는 각각 11 rpm, 5.3 rpm이었다. 5. 원격제어조작에 따른 윈치의 토오크 및 회전속도에 대한 추종성능은 정전 구동에 있어서는 0.23 sec, 역전 구동의 경우에 있어서는 0.37 sec 이내로서 비교적 안정된 응답 특성을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로부터 본 연구에서 설계한 소형 어선용 자동 권양 윈치 시스템은 인력을 절감하고, 부하의 급속한 변화에 대한 추종 성능이 현용 어로시스템에 비하여 매우 우수하기 때문에 해상에서 어로작업시 과부하에 대한 어구의 손상 방지 및 조업 효율의 향상에 크게 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.753-762
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• 2015

This paper presents a nonlinear sliding mode control (SMC) scheme with a variable damping ratio for interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs). First, a nonlinear sliding surface whose parameters change continuously with time is designed. Actually, the proposed SMC has the ability to reduce the settling time without an overshoot by giving a low damping ratio at the initial time and a high damping ratio as the output reaches the desired setpoint. At the same time, it enables a fast convergence in finite time and eliminates the singularity problem with the upper bound of an uncertain term, which cannot be measured in practice, by using a simple adaptation law. To improve the efficiency of a system in the constant torque region, the control system incorporates the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) algorithm. The stability of the nonlinear sliding surface is guaranteed by Lyapunov stability theory. Moreover, a simple sliding mode observer is used to estimate the load torque and system uncertainties. The effectiveness of the proposed nonlinear SMC scheme is verified using comparative experimental results of the linear SMC scheme when the speed reference and load torque change under system uncertainties. From these experimental results, the proposed nonlinear SMC method reveals a faster transient response, smaller steady-state speed error, and less sensitivity to system uncertainties than the linear SMC method.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.1125-1131
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• 2014

복합 구조물의 충격 진동 특성을 이용한 취약성 분석 기법을 제안하였다. 프레임 요소로 구성된 구조물의 충격 거동을 파악하기 위해서 스펙트럴요소법을 적용하였다. 티모센코 보함수를 이용해 고속충돌에 의한 고주파 성분을 포함하는 충격파 전파 특성을 시뮬레이션하였다. 구조물의 결합부분에서는 종방향과 횡방향 파동의 상호 작용을 고려한 파동 전달을 해석하였다. 충격력이 구조물에 작용할 경우 주파수 및 시간 응답을 얻고 전체 구조물에서 충격에너지 전파 특성을 파악하였다. 구조물의 위치별로 계산된 최대가속도 크기와 시스템을 구성하는 주요 부품의 허용 가속도 기준에 의한 취약확률 함수를 정의하고 시스템의 취약 확률을 계산하였다. 제안된 취약성 분석 절차를 이용해 3 차원 전투 차량의 충격 응답을 얻고 충격에 취약한 구조물 위치를 파악하였다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.118-126
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 모듈형태의 배터리 충-방전기가 정상상태뿐만 아니라 과도상태에서 예기치 못한 결함이 발생할지라도 실패 없이 전원을 공급하는 것이 가능한 병렬형 양방향 컨버터로 설계되어졌다. 컨버터 모듈은 안정성, 성능 및 고신뢰성을 얻기 위해 독립적인 제어가 가능하도록 설계되었으며, 제어기를 위해 사용된 평균전류모드방식은 노이즈 면역, 빠른 응답 및 평균전류 신호 획득과 같은 장점을 갖는다. 병렬 연결된 배터리 충-방전기에 대한 등가모델이 제시되었으며, 충전연속모드, 방전연속/불연속 모드에 대한 전달함수가 분석되었다. 병렬 양방향 컨버터는 스텝 부하변화와 하나의 컨버터 모듈 실패에 대해 각각 수행되었다. 그리고 병렬 양방향 컨버터의 성능이 실험결과들을 통해 검증되었다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.778-791
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• 2005

A novel pneumatic artificial muscle actuator (PAM actuator), which has achieved increased popularity to provide the advantages such as high strength and high power/weight ratio, low cost, compactness, ease of maintenance, cleanliness, readily available and cheap power source, inherent safety and mobility assistance to humans performing tasks, has been regarded during the recent decades as an interesting alternative to hydraulic and electric actuators. However, some limitations still exist, such as the air compressibility and the lack of damping ability of the actuator bring the dynamic delay of the pressure response and cause the oscillatory motion. Then it is not easy to realize the performance of transient response of pneumatic artificial muscle manipulator (PAM manipulator) due to the changes in the external inertia load with high speed. In order to realize satisfactory control performance, a variable damper-Magneto­Rheological Brake (MRB), is equipped to the joint of the manipulator. Superb mixture of conventional PID controller and a phase plane switching control method brings us a novel controller. This proposed controller is appropriate for a kind of plants with nonlinearity, uncertainties and disturbances. The experiments were carried out in practical PAM manipulator and the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm was demonstrated through experiments, which had proved that the stability of the manipulator can be improved greatly in a high gain control by using MRB with phase plane switching control method and without regard for the changes of external inertia loads.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.3516-3524
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• 1996

Service conditions for structures at elevated temperatures in nuclear power plant involve transient thermal and mechanical load levels that are severe enough to caeuse inelastic deformations due to creep and plasticity. Therefore, a systematic mehtod of inelastic analysis is needed for the design of structural components in nuclear poser plants subjected to such loading conditions. In the present investigation, the Chabodhe model, one of the unified viscoplastic constitutive equations, was selected for systematic inelastic analysis. The material response was integrated based on GMR ( generallized mid-point rule) time integral scheme and provided to ABAQUS as a material subroutine, UMAT program. By comparing results obtaned from uniaxial analysis using the developed UMAT program with those from Runge-Kutta solutions and experimentaiton, the validity of the adopted Chaboche model and the numerical stability and accuracy of the developed UMAT program were verified. In addition, the developed material subroutine was applied for uniaxial creep and tension analyses for the plate with a hole in the center. The application further demonstrates usefulness of the developed program.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2013

Fuel cell power system is one of the most promising energy source for the alternative energy because it has unique advantages such as high energy density, no power drop during operation, and feasible to make compact size. However, due to very low response time, fuel cell is difficult to correspond to drastic load changes and start-up operation. For solving these problem, fuel cell power system must include energy storage device such as Li-Poly battery or super capacitor. Therefore, bi-directional DC-DC converter must be required for this storage device and fuel cell-PCS control. This paper presents a design and modeling of the bi-directional DC/DC converter. Firstly, we present modeling the boost and buck mode of the bi-directional converter through both PWM switch model and state space averaging technique. Secondly, in order to minimize output ripple and transient response overshoot, we have two identical DC-DC converters interleaved and adopt two-loop voltage-current controller. The proposed bi-directional DC-DC converter's modeling method and control design have been verified with computer simulation and experimentation.