• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.495-503
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of cognitive level, nutritional status and depression in elderly according to living situations. Method: The subjects consisted of 173 elderly classifying three groups(living alone, living with spouse, living with children). Data was collected from March to June, 2003 by a structured questionnaire that included general characteristics, MMSE-K, nutritional status and depression scale. The collected data was analyzed by the SPSS program including descriptive statistics, $\chi$$^2$-test, ANCOVA, Scheffe test and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Result: In MMSE-K, the living alone group showed suspicious dementia while the other groups were normal. The living alone group showed a high nutritional risk and all three groups showed depression. In MMSE-K, the nutritional status and depression were statistically significant by the living situation. In each group except living with spouse, MMSE-K indicated a significantly negative correlation to depression and nutritional status, while nutritional status showed a significantly positive correlation to depression. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop supportive programs for decreasing the risk of bad health in the elderly and an individual approach according to their living situation. Especially, more concern and intervention is necessary for the solitary elderly.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.140-148
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• 2008

This study was conducted to compare of health status, dietary behaviors and nutrient intakes according to family types of the elderly in rural areas. Family types were divided into three types-elderly living alone, elderly living with spouse, and elderly living with spouse and children. Subjects were 119 persons aged over 65 years (34 male, 85 females) living in rural areas and period of survey was from 29 January 2007 to 2 February. General environmental factors, health status, dietary behaviors and nutrient intakes were compared according to family types, the elderly living along showed a significantly lower in monthly income(p<0.01), self perceived health status(p<0.001), Instrumental Activity of Daily Living(IADL) score, and General Self Efficacy Scale(GSES) score compared to the elderly living with spouse and those living with spouse and children. However, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D) was higher than those of the elderly living family members (p<0.05). In addition, sum of dietary behavior score was the lowest in the elderly living alone (22.3 in elderly living alone, 24.1 in elderly living with spouse, 23.4 in elderly living with spouse and children, p<0.001) and nutrient intakes of potassium, zinc, vitamin C(p<0.01 respectively), calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin B6 and folic acid(p<0.05 respectively) also reported to be significantly lower in the elderly living alone than in others of two types. From these results, health status, dietary behavior pattern and nutrient intakes of the elderly living alone were found to be inadequate overall, so measures to deal with these health and nutritional status were needed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.57-71
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• 1994

The purpose of this research was to study the variables related to the stress and to provide the way of establishing better relationship between aged parents and adult offsprings and the way of effective care-giving. In order to achieve this purpose a survey was conducted by interview using questionaire. The collected data were analyzed by using frequency percentage mean standard deviation factor analysis Pearson's correlation analysis, ANOVA, and stepwise regression analysis. The results of this research were as follows: First The total points of daughter-in-laws' caregicing stress was 38.5 and daughter's caregiving stress was 27.3. Second There were meaningful differences according to living arrangement daughters-in-law age, old mothers' health status. And there were significant. interaction effects among variables of living arrangement and daughters-in-law' age, living arrangement and birth order birth order and old mothers' health status. living arrangement and daughters-in-law' age and old mothers' health status. Third There were meaningful differences according to living arrangement daughter's age. And there were significant interaction effects among variables of living arrangement and daughter's age, daughter's age and birth order, living arrangement and daughter's age and old mothers' health status, living arrangement and birth order and old mothers' health status. Fourth Among daughters-in-law' variables living arrangement age, old mothers' health status have influence on the care-giving stress. Among daughter's variables living arrangement, age, birth order have influence on the care-giving stress.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.765-777
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was a descriptive survey research to compare and to examine the levels of health status, depression, and quality of life between the elderly living with family and the elderly living alone, the relations among the factors. Methods: Subjects were the 441 elderly over 65 years old(243 elderly living with family; 198 elderly living alone) in Seoul and Gyung-gi province. Data were collected from January to March, 2007. Collected data were analyzed through SAS/PC 11.0 version. Results: First, the health status and quality of life in the elderly living with family were higher than them in the elderly living alone. Also depression in the elderly living with family was lower than that in the elderly living alone. Second, in all elderly there was positive correlation between health status and depression. There were negative correlations between health status and quality of life, and between depression and quality of life. Third, the economic environments in all elderly did effect to the health status, depression, and quality of life. conclusion: In conclusion, it's requested a special attention of the current job level or interpersonal relationship of older people.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.615-628
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• 2004

This study is designed to examine influences of living arrangements on psycho-social factors, health and nutritional status, dietary adequacy and meal service utility patterns of the elderly. Nutritional status was evaluated by Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Three hundred and nine elderly (110 men and 199 women) who participated in meal service in the Chung-buk province were investigated. Proportion of the elderly living alone, couples only, living with spouse and family, living with family without spouse; and living with other than family were 30.7%, 25.9%, 14.2%, 24.3% and 4.9% respectively. The mean age of the elderly was 74.1 years and the elderly who are living couples only and living with spouse and family were younger than those with other living status. Living arrangements seem to be related to psycho-social factors, health and nutritional status, and dietary quality. Those who live alone and live with other than family were mostly women and they have lower socio-economic status, psycho-social, health and nutritional status and dietary patterns compared with those of the elderly who are living with spouse or family. It was found that the elderly who live a couple only and live with spouse and family had better emotional, health and nutritional index than those of the elderly who live with family without spouse, especially in case of females. Most of elderly perceived that participation of meal service programs had a positive effect on their daily life and satisfied with meals. The elderly living alone and living with other than family were more frequently using meal service but had a negative attitude about the charged meal service for better quality than the elderly with other living status. The most important reason for all the elderly to participate in meal service was to meet their friends and then to get other services. Particularly those who are living alone and living with other than family showed lack of moivation to prepare and set the meal, and for them the economic reason is also important. They also replied that the poor health and lack of other help were the most difficult problems for them to prepare meals. It would be effective to provide nutritional services that meet specific needs of the elderly according to their characteristics and living environment.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate perceived health status, activities of daily living and depression of the elderly in nursing facilities and to identify correlations among them. The collected data is to improve healthy life for the aged people in communities. This study was performed by using of questionnaire which was consisted of perceived health status, activity of daily living(ADL) and depression. The survey was conducted by 180 aged people at nursing homes. The results of perceived health status show that 64.9% of elderly feel very bad or bad, 61.6% of elderly have a degree of independent level of activity of daily living(ADL) and 48.6% of elderly have a degree of depression. There were statically revealed meaningful correlation between ability of activity of daily living(ADL) and perceived health status, ability of activity of daily living(ADL) and depression. This study about connection among perceived health status, activity of daily living(ADL) and depression is necessary for number of the affiliation function of elderly at nursing homes and development of intervention programs concerned about depression are necessary.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.130-140
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• 2006

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the conditions of the leisure type, health status, self-esteem, and social support of the elderly living alone. Method: The subjects were 189 elderly. The instrument was a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The frequency of the leisure types of the elderly living alone was in the order of culture, rest, social activity and sports. The following factors showed a statistically significant relation: gender, education, religion and marital status with leisure type; age, economic status, job and leisure type with perceived health status; education, economic status and religion with self-esteem; and economic status, marital status and religion with social support. There was a negative correlation between ADL and both perceived health status, and self-esteem, but positive correlations between self-esteem and perceived health status, and between social support and both perceived health status and self-esteem. Conclusion: To maintain the quality of life of the elderly living alone, this study suggests that providing various leisure activities could raise self-esteem, and thereby complement for any deficiencies in family and social support.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.564-574
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was a descriptive survey research to compare and to examine the levels of physical health status. family support, and life satisfaction between the aged living alone and living with family, the relations among the factors. Methods: Subjects were the 267 aged (living alone: 133 subjects: living with family: 134 subjects) in Seoul and Gyung-gi province. Measures were Cornell Medical Index(CMI) to check physical health status, family support scale developed by Cobb(l976) to check the family support. and elderly life satisfaction scale developed by Yun(1982) to check life satisfaction. Data were collected from March to August. 2006. Collected data were analyzed through SPSS/PC 12.0 version. Results: First. degree of the physical health status. family support. and life satisfaction in the elderly living with family were better than them in the elderly living alone. Second. the relations among the factors were all positive correlation. Third. the education and monthly allowance in aged living alone did effect to the life satisfaction. Conclusion: Clinical practice should be focused on family support/social support for the aged living alone. Also nursing practitioners for the aged living alone should consider the general characteristics of them.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 1978

At present, interest in the welfare of the elderly (persons over sixty-five years of age), including their dietary status, is high. Nutrition and dietary status have been investigated for both the institutionalized and non-institutionalized (independent-living) elderly in foreign country. But the dietary status of institutionalized elderly has not been investigated. Therefore, the dietary status of institutionalized elderly has been studied and compared with that of non-institutionalized elderly in the same geographic area. Three-day dietary records were obtained from fourty-five institutionalized elderly residents (twenty-five men and twenty women) and thirty two elderly living at home (sixteen men and sixteen women) in Taegu area. All nutrient intakes of the elderly women living at home and all nutrient intakes except energy intakes of the elderly men living at home were significantly higher than those of the residents of the institutionalized facilities. (p<0.005) The values of height, weight, chest circumference, and sitting height except head circumference of female elderly living in institutionalized facilities is significantly lower than those of elderly living at home. (p<0.005) In the case of men, the values of height and chest circumference of elderly living in institutionalized facilities is significantly lower than those of elderly living at home. (p<0.05)

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.94-105
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• 1997

The degree of nursing service requirement can be determined by functional health status and a predictive explanation for the status on the living-alone elderly is essential to plan home-care nursing intervention. The purpose of this study is to explore the functional health status of living-alone elderly. Especially the main purpose is to contrast the differences of the status between the residential living-alone elderly and institutional living-alone elderly. This study was conducted through the interview by the students of nurse college who were previously trained during the months of Oct. and Nov. 1996. Sample participants located in Tong-Gu and Seo-Gu of Kwangju City. To contrast the functional health status. this study tried to utilize the Activity Inventory(AI). Among the AI's this study adopted the Physical Activity of Daily Living(PADL) and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living(IADL). Results of the study show that the home-care nursing intervention for the living-alone elderly is urgent more for the residential than for the institutional. It seems that the residential living-alone elderly suffer from inability in Physical Activity of Daily Living. As the residential elderly who have some physical lacks prefer the institution. it is recommended to support physical lacks for the institutional. And more mental-emotional support is recommended for the residential living-alone elderly. The degree of the residential's IADL is higher than that of the institutional. It seems that it was caused by the reason that the residential's needs for the minimum level of life is greater than that of the institutional. So the polypharmacy in elderly nursing-home residents must be considered as sigificant.