• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 1997

Stomach contents of snailfish, Liparis tanakai, caught in the Nakdong River Estuary were examined quantitatively. Liparis tanakai was a bottom feeding carnivores, and showed an almost strict specialization on shrimps and fishes. Shrimps and fishes accounted for 74.3% and 19.8% of the overall stomach contents, respectively. The most selected prey species was Cragon affinis for all fish size classes. The snailfish' s diets included minor quantities of crabs, amphipods, mysids and isopods. Small individuals(4~10 cm SL) consumed mainly shrimps which accounted for approximately 90% of the stomach contents. However, the portion of the diet attributable to shrimps decreased steadily with increasing fish size, and this decrease was paralleled by increased cosumption of fishes. For 31~45 cm individuals, fishes constituted over 30% of the stomach contents, while shrimps made up approximately 60% of the diet.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.324-333
• /
• 2019

Neutral genetic diversity found in plant species usually leaves an indelible footprint of historical events. Korea's main mountain range (referred to as the Baekdudaegan [BDDG]), is known to have served as a glacial refugium primarily for the boreal and temperate flora of northeastern Asia. In addition, life-history traits (life forms, geographic range, and breeding systems) influence the within- and among-population genetic diversity of seed plant species. For example, selfing species harbor significantly less within-population genetic variation than that of predominantly outcrossers. A previous study of two Liparis species (L. makinoana and L. kumokiri) emphasizes the role of the abovementioned factors shaping the levels of genetic diversity. Liparis makinoana, mainly occurring on the BDDG and self-incompatible, harbors high levels of within-population genetic diversity (expected heterozygosity, H_eP = 0.319), whereas there is no allozyme variation (H_eP = 0.000) in L. kumokiri, which is self-compatible and mainly occurs in lowland hilly areas. To determine if this trend is also found in other congeners, we sampled five populations of L. krameri from the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and investigated the allozyme-based genetic diversity at 15 putative loci. The somewhat intermediate levels of within-population genetic variation (H_eP = 0.145) found in L. krameri are most likely due to its occurrence in mountainous areas that, despite being outside of the main ridge of the BDDG, still served as refugia, and a self-incompatible breeding system. Management strategies are suggested for L. krameri and L. makinoana based on the levels and distribution of genetic diversity and inbreeding.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.311-319
• /
• 2022

Hyaluronic acid from Liparis tessellatus eggs (HALTE) was grafted with caffeic acid (CA-g-HALTE), ferulic acid (FA-g-HALTE), gallic acid (GA-g-HALTE), and nisin (Nisin-g-HALTE) and investigated for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential in lipopolysaccharides-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. Nitric oxide (NO) generation and prostaglandin E₂ activity were measured after treatment with the grafted HALTE samples. All grafted HALTE samples exhibited more antioxidant activity against 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals than 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals. Nisin-g-HALTE showed the least antioxidant activity. Additionally, the NO assay results showed that all grafted samples had no cytotoxic effect on RAW 264.7 macrophages and reduced macrophage activity after treatment. The most effective concentrations of CA-g-HALTE and FA-g-HALTE were found to be above 100 ㎍/mL. Increased sample concentration resulted in increased activity except with Nisin-gHALTE at 100 ㎍/mL. CA-g-HALTE, FA-g-HALTE, GA-g-HALTE, and Nisin-g-HALTE were found to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, which can be further explored for use in food, cosmetic, nutraceutical, and biomedical applications.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.332-339
• /
• 2010

Maturity and spawning of the snailfish, Liparis ochotensis was investigated based on samples collected by gill net in the East Sea of Korea from December 2008 to December 2009. The average total length of L. ochotensis was 63.4 cm and 64.1 cm for females and males, respectively. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) began to increase in July, reaching a maximum in November, then began to decrease in December. Monthly changes in the GSI values of L. ochotensis were similar for females and males. Annual reproductive cycle of this species can be divided into five successive stages in females: early growing stage (May), late growing stage (June to July), mature stage (August to September), ripe and spent stage (September to December), and recovery and resting stage (January to April). Males show four successive stages; growing stage (May to July), mature stage (August to September), ripe and spent stage (September to December), and recovery and resting stage (January to April). Relationship between total length (TL) and fecundity (F) was F=$0.00003TL^{4.002}$ ($R^2$ = 0.703), and F increased with TL. Total length at 50% group maturity was estimated to be 55.8 cm. Our findings suggest that the spawning period takes place from September to December, with the main spawning period occurring from October to December.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.53 no.6
• /
• pp.809-815
• /
• 2020

The food components of the muscles and roes of the smooth lumpsucker Aptocyclus ventricosus and korai bikunin Liparis ingens from the East Sea, Korea were determined. The proximate composition of the muscles of the smooth lumpsucker was 88.35%, 8.30%, 2.24%, and 1.08% and that of the korai bikunin was 91.62%, 6.88%, 0.45%, and 1.15% of moisture, protein, lipid, and ash, respectively. The roes of the smooth lumpsucker contained 83.25%, 11.28%, 3.65%, and 1.07% moisture, protein, lipid, and ash, respectively, whereas for korai bikunin, it was 81.53%, 15.09%, 1.97%, and 1.14%, respectively. The prominent fatty acids of the muscles were 16:0, 18:0, 18:1n-9, 18:1n-7, 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA), and 22:6n-3 (docosahexenoic acid). The prominent fatty acids of the roes were similar to those of the muscles, although showing a higher ratio of EPA than that of the muscles. The major amino acids in the muscles were glutamic acid, lysine, leucine, and arginine, whereas they were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, serine, and arginine in the roes.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.263-269
• /
• 2023

This study aims to contribute to the research on resource recovery for the rapidly declining population of Liparis tanakae by observing the larval development process and the morphology of juveniles based on their growth. Natural spawning eggs collected in Yeosu were used for observing the process of egg development and larval morphology. The water temperature during the rearing process was maintained at 12.3~13.5℃ (average 12.7℃). The fertilized eggs had an egg diameter ranging from 1.57 to 1.79 mm (average 1.71 mm) and were spherical and adhesive. Within 4 hours 35 minutes after fertilization, they reached the two-cell stage, and after 74 hours 10 minutes, the formation of the yolk sac began. At 106 hours post-fertilization, a caudal fin appeared at the tail tip. Hatching began at 526 hours, and the larvae developed with the yolk sac positioned just behind the eyes. The newly hatched larvae had both the mouth and anus open. Melanophores appeared inside the lower jaw and around the tail on the third day after hatching. By the 16th day after hatching, most of the yolk was absorbed, and melanophores were visible in the head region. Finally, on the 63rd day after hatching, the head region significantly developed, and the body shape and mouth were similar to those of an adult fish, signifying the transition to the juvenile stage. This study will serve as valuable data for aquaculture techniques related to the conservation and restoration of fish species based on the hatching and juvenile morphology of Liparis tanakae.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.307-316
• /
• 2003

Fish assemblage structure in a sheltered shallow water in the Southern Coast of Korea was examined monthly. Sampling was conducted in Doam Bay using a beam trawl between March 2001 and February 2001. A total of 53 fish species from 33 families were caught. Pinkgray goby (Chaeturichthys hexanema), ponyfish (Leiognathus nuchalis) and yellowfin goby (Acanthogobius favimanus) were the most frequent species, comprised 67.4％ of the total numbers captured. Snailfish (Liparis tanakai), yellowfin goby (Acanthogobius flavimanus) and pinkgray goby (Chaeturichthys hexanema) represented 50.8％ of the total biomass. While total abundance (number of individuals) and biomass were high in autumn and winter, species richness (number of species) and diversity were high in spring. Cluster analysis, based on monthly abundance data of the 14 most frequent species, showed that the species were separated into three different groups. Group A composed of pinkgray goby, yellowfin goby, robust tonguefish (Cynoglossus robustus) and scaly hairfin anchovy (Setipinna taty), which were year-round residents, and devil flathead (Onigocia spinosa), Red dragonet (Repomucenus lunatus) and ponyfish, which were abundant in autumn, group B surmullet (Upeneus japonicus), hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) and gaff-topsail goby (Cryptocentrus filifer), which were abundant in summer, and group C grassfish (Liparis tanakai), spotted velvefish (Erisphex pottii), chameleon goby (Tridentiger trigonocephalus) and Richardson dragonet (Repomucenus richardsonii), which were abundant in winter and spring. A seasonal homogeneity of fish assemblage indicates that overall fish assemblage in Dom Bay is largely controlled by year-round residents.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.133-138
• /
• 2014

We investigated the spacial distribution and species composition of fish larvae during winter season (January 2013~March 2013) in Jinhae Bay, Korea. During the study period, a total of 12 larvae species belonging to 8 families were collected, and the dominant species were Pholis crassispina, Clupea pallasii, Liparis tanakae, Hexagrammos otakii. These four species accounted for 93% of the total number of individual collected. High density and species diversity occurred around Jam-do and eastern area of Chilcheon-do, suggesting that these areas are the main spawning ground of fish larvae in Jinhae Bay.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.69-73
• /
• 1971

On June in 1970 the authors discovered a pathogenecity, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus, of the Smithia virus in the larvae of Liparis dispay L. appeared on quercus forest in Chung-Neung district and had carried out a experiment to detect the pathogenecity of Smithia virus through the inoculation of it into the larvase, such as Liparis dispay L. Hyphantrea cunea DRURY, and Dendrolinus spectabilis BUTLER. The results obtained were as follows ; 1) Death rate of L.dispay and D.spectabilis treated by 10$^{6}$ /ml cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of Smithis virus were 88.0% and 85.5% respectively, when the larvaes of these insects are big enough. But there were none of pathogenecity in case of Hyphantrea cunea DRURY. 20 Dead larvae caused by the injection of Smithia virus had begum to find out about on 10 days after inoculation. Miximum death rate of L. didpay and D. spectabilis appeared on 20-25days nad on 25-30days, respectively, after the incoulation. 3) In the cytoplasm of Mid-gut cylindrical cells of both of these insects, polyhedrosis, such s hexagonal (0.5-2.0-6.0 micron) were found out and in these insects, polyhedrosis, such as hexaginal (0.5-2.0-6.0 mivton) were found out and in case of D.spectabilis were a few polyhedrosis, such as tetragonal, trianglar polyhedrosis. 4) Diluted concentration of `0$^{6}$ /ml cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of Smithia virus were spread out in the field conditions. The corrected mortality was confirmed as about 87.8%.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.524-530
• /
• 2006

Two protease inhibitors of 67 and 18 kDa, respectively, were purified from the eggs of glass fish, Liparis tanakai, by affinity chromatography and electro-elution method. The high molecular weight (HMW) protein was purified with a specific inhibitory activity, yield, and purity of 18.46 U/mg, 0.07%, and 131.86 fold, respectively, and was further characterized: Optimal temperature and pH for inhibitory activity of the HMW glassfish egg protease inhibitor were $40^{\circ}C$ and pH 6, respectively, and it was stable between $5^{\circ}C\;and\;50^{\circ}C$ in the pH range of 5-6 with maximal stability at pH 6. It was shown to be a competitive inhibitor against papain with an inhibition constant $(K_i)$ of 97.02 nM. Moreover, the 67 kDa protein inhibited cathepsin, a cysteine protease, more effectively than did an egg-white protease inhibitor. The HMW glassfish egg protease inhibitor was classified as a member of the family III (kininogen).