• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.7 s.172
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• pp.27-37
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• 2005

Direct writing technology on the silicon wafer surface is used to reduce the size of the chip as the miniature trend in electronic circuit. In order to improve the productivity and efficiency, the real time quality estimation is very important in each semiconductor process. In laser marking, marking quality is determined by readability which is dependant on the contrast of surface, the line width, and the melting depth. Many researchers have tried to find theoretical and numerical estimation models fur groove geometry. However, these models are limited to be applied to the real system. In this study, the estimation system for the line width during the laser marking was proposed by process monitoring method. The light intensity emitted by plasma which is produced when irradiating the laser to the silicon wafer was measured using the optical sensor. Because the laser marking is too fast to measure with external sensor, we build up the coaxial monitoring system. Analysis for the correlation between the acquired signals and the line width according to the change of laser power was carried out. Also, we developed the models enabling the estimation of line width of the laser marking through the statistical regression models and may see that their estimating performances were excellent.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.72-78
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• 2009

We developed a line standards measurement system using an optical microscope and measured two kinds of line standards. It consists of three main parts: an optical microscope module including a CCD camera, a stage system with a linear encoder, and a measurement program for a microscopic image processing. The magnification of microscope part was calibrated using one-dimensional gratings and the angular motion of stage was measured to estimate the Abbe error. The threshold level in line width measurement was determined by comparing with certified values of a line width reference specimen, and its validity was proved through the measurement of another line width specimen. The expanded uncertainty (k=2) was about 100 nm in the measurements of $1{\mu}m{\sim}10{\mu}m$ line width. In the comparison results of line spacing measurement, two kinds of values were coincide within the expanded uncertainty, which were obtained by the one-dimensional measuring machine in KRISS and the line standards measurement system. The expanded uncertainty (k=2) in the line spacing measurement was estimated as $\sqrt{(0.098{\mu}m)^2+(1.8{\times}10^{-4}{\times}L)^2}$. Therefore, it will be applied effectively to the calibration of line standards, such as line width and line spacing, with the expanded uncertainty of several hundreds nanometer.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to find the proper width of fabric which can bring high efficiency on productivity. We focus on the marking method by comparing and analyzing the marking efficiency of A-line skirt. This study employs 4 criteria to mark the A-line skirt, which are cutting method, angle, width, and direction, respectively. There can be 2 different cutting methods(fold pattern and add seam pattern at the front and back center line), and 2 different angles(warp angle and bias angle). Also, width of the fabric can be classified into 2 groups(110cm, 150cm), and marking direction can be grouped into 2(one direction marker and one direction per each size marker). These 4 criteria make 16($2^*2^*2^*2$) cases for this study. Main findings are follows. First, the skirt with folded at the center line had higher efficiency rate than the skirt with add seam at the center line. Second, the skirt with the 150cm width has higher efficiency rate than that of 110cm. Third, fixing the warp angle has higher efficiency rate than that of fixing the bias angle at the front and back center line. Finally, one direction per each size marker has much higher efficiency than the one direction marker.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.650-650
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• 2013

Although imprinted nanopatterns of organic polymer can be modified by the heat treatment [1], it generally requires high process temperatures and is material-dependent since the heat-induced mass loss of the organic polymer is greatly affected by its chemical characteristics. When oxygen is added during the annealing process, one can reduce the process temperature as well as the dependence of the materials. With the oxygen, line width reduction of a polymer (SU-8) patterns could be accomplished at temperature of as low as $250^{\circ}C$ which was not possible in the heat only process. This oxidative line width reduction can be dramatically promoted with the introduction of oxygen plasma. The oxygen plasma, with its highly-reactive oxygen species, vigorously etches away the organic materials, proven to be extremely effective line with reduction method. It is, however, very hard to control the extent and homogeneity of the etching, particularly of very fine patterns. Here, we report an effective and reliable line width reduction method of imprinted nanopatterns by combined plasma and heat treatment. The merits of this process include the reduction of process temperature, time and material-dependence.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to design Jugori model compatible with the body types of the middle-aged women especially from 40 to 59 years old. The result is as follows: We decided five items as the necessary items for designing jugori model : the bust girth (the breast & shoulder width), the B.P length, the neck width, the armhole circumference, and Hwa-jang. The breast & shoulder width are the size that comes out if the bust is divided by the breast & shoulder width on the basis of the side line, and Hwa-jang is a length measured with arms stretched out to 0° direction. With each person's physical characteristics considered, the application of the size of each body types and body parts is as follows: 1. The breast & shoulder width (1/4 portion) : We decided B/4+2cm as a standard size and, we adjusted the extra room on the basis of the discrepancy between the breast width and the shoulder width to make it fit well to the each body type. For the breast width (1/2 portion), we bisected the difference between the breast width and the shoulder width of the bust, and moved Gut-sup to the center of the Sup and Sup-sun for An-sup. According to the body type, the movement of the Sup for the people with big breasts gets bigger because there should be a big difference between the breast width and the shoulder width for them, and for the people with small breasts the movement will be relatively smaller. For the shoulder width (1/2 portion), we curved the back center line after we shortened as much as the difference between the amount of the shoulder width/2+1cm and of B/4+2cm. The movement of back center line will be bigger for a person with leaned-backward body type. 2. The front & back length: We made the front length to B.P length+2.5cm to have Jugori cover the breast point fully around the bust line, which is a vogue nowadays. For an upright body type, we decided the back length as (AH/2.2)+5cm. And for a bent-forward and a leaned-backward body type, we adjusted the calculation formulae differently taking the physical characteristics into account. We decided the back length (A) as (A.H/2.2)+5cm, and the front length (B) as the back length+5cm. So, (A+B) is the sum of the front length and the back length. Going back to the original formula, the front length is B.P+2.5cm. So, we can decide the back length if we subtract B.P+2.5cm from the sum of the front length and the back length. To make well-fit Jugoris, the front & back length are areas that we should pay attention to if we take each person's physical characteristics into consideration. 3. Go-dae (1/2 portion) : We decided Go-dae as the neck width/2+0.5cm. For an upright body type, because the base line which went down vertically from the tragion was straight, we generally decided Go-dae Dalim line as 1.0cm. But we decided Go-dae Dalim line down to 1.5cm for bent-forward type and up to 0.2cm for leaned-backward type because the upper half of the body of them was bent forward or leaned backward from the base line. 4. The armhole : We decided the armhole circumference as A.H/2+2cm with the whole extra room of 4cm. 5. The side line length : We can calculate the side line length to (the back length-the armhole)/2, and, in terms of the trend, 2.5cm will be appropriate.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.286-298
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to find the proper width of fabric which can bring high efficiency on productivity. We focus on the marking method by comparing and analyzing the marking efficiency of flare skirt. This study employs 4 criteria to mark the flare skirt, which are angle, location, width, and direction, respectively. There can be 3 different angles$(180^{\circ},\;270^{\circ},\;360^{\circ})$, and 2 different locations(the center line and the middle of the pattern) according to fixing of the warp line of the fabric. Also, width can be classified into 2 groups(110cm, 150cm), and marking direction can be grouped into 2(one direction marker and one direction per each size marker). These 4 criteria make $24(3{\times}2{\times}2{\times}2)$ cases for this study. Main findings are follows. Fist, the skirt with the 150cm width has higher efficiency rate than that of 110cm. Second, fixing the warp line at the center line has higher efficiency rate than that in the middle. Finally, per size marker has much higher efficiency than the just direction marker. In sum, we find that 150cm width with the center warp line and per size marker brings the highest efficiency rate.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.159-167
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• 1984

In this experiments, the fracture loads were measured and analysed by using of Instron universal testing machine (Model 1132). With 80 upper and lower deciduous molars that were free of dental caries. Isthmus of teeth were prepared to 1/3 and 1/4 of intercuspal width, and internal line angles with round and sharp shape, and then amalgam restoration were performed. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Resistance to fracture loads were greater with isthmus of 1/3 intercuspal width than of 1/4 intercuspal width, especially, statistically significant difference on upper and lower second deciduous molars. 2. Resistance to fracture loads were greater with rounded internal line angle than sharp internal line angle. The above results were as follows, the fracture loads had greater resistance on isthmus of 1/3 intercuspal width, and rounded internal line angle, but normal physiological occlusal forces could permit isthmus of 1/4 intercuspal width and rounded internal line angle.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.68-75
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• 2023

In an automotive plant, an automated storage and retrieval system (ASRS) synchronizes material handling flows from a part production line to an auto-assembly line. The part production line transfers parts on small-/large-sized pallets. The products on pallets are temporarily stored on the ASRS, and the ASRS retrieves the products upon request from the auto-assembly line. Each ASRS aisle is equipped with narrow-/wide-width racks for two pallet sizes. An ASRS aisle with narrow-/wide-width racks improves both storage space utilization and crane utilization while requiring delicate ASRS aisle design, i.e., the locations of the narrow-/wide-width racks in an ASRS aisle, and proper operation policies affect the ASRS performance over demand fluctuations. We focus on operation policies involving a common storage zone using wide-width racks for two pallet sizes and a storage-retrieval job-change for a crane based on assembly-line batch size. We model a discrete-event simulation model and conduct extensive experiments to evaluate operation policies. The simulation results address the best ASRS aisle design and suggest the most effective operation policies for the aisle design.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2012

Starting with Kubo's formula and using the projection operator technique introduced by Kawabata, EPR lineprofile function for a $Mn^{2+}$-doped wurtzite structure GaN semiconductor was derived as a function of temperature at a frequency of 9.49 GHz (X-band) in the presence of external electromagnetic field. The line-width is barely affected in the low-temperature region because there is no correlation between the resonance fields and the distribution function. At higher temperature the line-width increases with increasing temperature due to the interaction of electrons with acoustic phonons. Thus, the present technique is considered to be more convenient to explain the resonant system as in the case of other optical transition systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.247-251
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• 2000

This study examined relative importance of these factors by asking people to read the texts that was constituted with square and non-squre form letter and rank the preference of texts through conjoint analysis. In the case of reading time, font type was the most important factor, followed by leading , line width, font size, line length, justification, letter width in their order of impotance. And in the case of preference decision, font size was the most important factor, followed by font type, leading, line width, letter width, justification, line length. The result will be useful in understanding how to consider human preference in the Hangul typography.