• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.109-121
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• 2022

The study empirically examines the horizontal spillover effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the productivity of Indian pharmaceutical firms. Robust least squares and the Generalized Method of Moments estimators are applied for the firm-level panel data of Indian pharmaceutical companies whose shares were traded on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). The information was collected from the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) Prowess database from 2015 to 2019. Based on the regularity in data availability, the sample firms are limited to 112 companies, 100 of which are domestic firms and 12 international firms. Firms with more than 10 percent foreign equity are classified as FDI firms, while those with less than that are classified as domestic firms. Estimation results show that foreign ownership does not contribute to the productivity of domestic firms. Due to increased competition, the Indian pharmaceutical companies with foreign equity participation are not more productive than local ones. Moreover, the findings reveal a negative and insignificant horizontal spillover effect from FDI on the productivity of domestic enterprises. The absence of horizontal spillovers may be attributable to foreign enterprises' ability to prevent technological outflow to competitors in the same industry.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.800-807
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• 2009

The limited public funds available for infrastructure projects have led governments to consider private entities' participation in long-term contracts for finance, construction, and operation of these projects to share risks and rewards between the public and the private. Because these projects have complicated risk evolutions, diverse contractual forms for each project member to hedge risks involved in a project are necessary. In light of this, Build-Operate-Transfer(BOT) model is considered as effective to accomplish Public Private Partnerships(PPPs) with a characteristic of an ownership-reversion. In BOT projects, the government has used such an incentive system as minimum revenue guarantee(MRG) agreement to attract the private's participation. Although this agreement turns out critical in success of BOT project, there still exist problematic issues in a financial feasibility analysis since the traditional capital budgeting theory, Net Present Value(NPV) analysis, has failed to evaluate the contingent characteristic of MRG agreement. The purpose of this research is to develop real option model based on option pricing theory so as to provide a theoretical framework in valuing MRG agreement in BOT projects. To understand the applicability of the model, the model is applied to the example of the BOT toll road project and the results are compared with that by NPV analysis. Finally, we found that the impact of the MRG agreement is significant on the project value. Hence, the real option model can help the government establish better BOT policies and the developer make appropriate bidding strategies.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.146-168
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• 1995

본 연구는 기업의 외부통제에 관한 개념적인 논의와 함께, 한국의 제조업에서 80년 대 중반 이후(1986-1992)에 나타난 통제의 공간적 변화를 경험적으로 조사하였다. 15개의 지역 사이에 다입지 기업의 소유연계에 대한 자료가 외부통제의 대체척도로 이용되었다. 이 자료를 근거로 생산과정의 특성에 따른 세가지 유형의 제조업 부문별로 통제의 변화를 지도 화하여 분석하였다. 전반적인 외부통제의 지리적 특징은 서울이 탁월한 통제의 중심지로서, 서울의 영향력은 수도권과 동남권의 산업발달 지역에 집중되었지만, 최근에 그 영향력은 산 업이 낙후된 지역까지 확산되어 전국적이다. 또한 새로운 통제의 중심지로 수도권과 동남권 의 중심인 대도시가 서서히 부각되고 있다. 이러한 특징에도 불구하고, 제조업 유형별로 상 이한 외부통제의 공간적 패턴은 생산의 조직구조가 생산과정에서 필요로 하는 자본과 노동 은 물론 부문이 처한 외부환경에 따라 변화됨을 보여준다. 이러한 결과는 상이한 생산과정 을 채택하는 다입지 기업의 공간적 영향에 차별적 분석을 요구한다.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제17권
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• pp.107-133
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze a trend of profitability classified by characteristics of hospitals and to analyze related factors. The data for this study were derived from survey material conducted by the Korean Hospital Association on 33 hospitals in Korea between 1993 and 2002. Profitability was measured in the aspect of investment profit rate and operation profit rate with net profit to total assets, normal profit to total assets and operating margin to gross revenue as dependent variables. Independent variables were classified by general factors (ownership, number of beds, period of establishment, region), financial factors (total asset turnover, liabilities to total assets, current ratio, fixed ratio, inventories turnover, personnel costs per operation profit, material costs per operation profits), composition of manpower and facilities(personnel and area per beds), productivity index(the number of daily patients per medical doctor, the number of daily patients per nurse), the score of quality assurance activities. First, Concerning the specialists per beds or area per beds and profitability of hospitals there was not statistically significant. Second, Those hospitals having the most daily patients per nurse had significantly higher profitability than the others, but the number of daily patients per medical doctor had little effect on the profitability. Thirds, Those hospitals having a higher proportion total asset turnover tended to show significantly higher profitability compared to other hospitals, but the liabilities to total assets and liquidity ratio had a little difference to the profitability. Those hospitals having a higher proportion personnel costs per operation profit and material costs per operation profits tended to show significantly lower hospital profitability compared to other hospitals. Fourth, In regression analysis, hospital profitability had negative relationship with personnel costs per operation profit or material costs per operation profits. While it had positive relationship with total asset turnover, the number of daily patients per nurse. In conclusion, private hospitals had higher profitability than that of public hospitals. Though factors related to profitability of hospital were different according to ownership, it is important for securing appropriate profitability by operating appropriate number of nurse, raising total asset turnover, and reducing personnel costs, material costs per operation profits. This study can be used as a baseline data for planning of hospital management. But the study may be limited in that the results cannot be generalized due to its small sample size. However, this longitudinal observation of 33 hospitals over ten year period has significant merit alone.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제31권1D호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2011

온실가스 감축을 위한 교토의정서 채택 등으로 선진국들은 이산화탄소로 대표되는 온실가스에 대한 구체적 감축목표를 설정하고 이를 달성하기 위한 방안을 모색해 왔다. 최근 우리 정부도 "저탄소 녹색성장"이라는 슬로건을 내걸고 다양한 노력을 경주하고 있다. 이에 자재 생산 및 수송, 건설 및 운영 등의 전 과정에서 많은 양의 온실가스를 배출하는 건설 산업에서도 이산화탄소 배출 등 환경비용을 고려하는 친환경적 산업체계 구축이 어느 때 보다도 필요한 때이다. 따라서 본 연구는 건설공사 수행과정에서 발생하는 온실가스의 배출량을 산출하고, 이를 비용화하여 전체 공사비에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 고속도로 건설공사 사례를 분석하여, 주요 자재 및 장비에서 발생되는 환경부하량을 계산하였다. 그리고 환경부하량 산정의 주체를 공공발주자(정부)와 민간 기업으로 분류하여 각각의 특성을 반영한 환경부하의 비용화 기준을 따로 제시하였다. 그 결과, 공공발주자 측면에서는 실제 공사비 외에 11-16%의 환경적 추가비용이 발생되었으며, 민간기업 입장에서도 실제 공사비 외에 19-22% 정도의 추가비용이 발생되는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구는 고속도로의 포장공종에 한정되었고, 온실가스 중 이산화탄소의 배출에만 제한된 한계가 있으나, 토목분야에서 상대적으로 미진했던 환경부하 및 비용화에 대한 사례연구를 수행함으로서, 정부와 민간 기업 입장에서 각각 환경비용을 산정하고 총공사비에 미치는 영향을 계량화할 수 있는 기준을 제시했다는데 의의가 있다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.39-56
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• 2010

The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationship between environment-friendly housing behaviors and the influential variables among consumers by focusing on housing life. This research carried out a questionnaire survey with housewives living in Seoul and the Metropolitan area using a questionnaire that was composed based on previous research. The housewives' environment-friendly housing attitudes and their resource-saving knowledge level, along with environmental education-related variables, house ownership, and the housewives' employment appeared to be significant variables in explaining the generic environment-friendly housing behaviors found in this research. Three regression equations, classified into purchasing, utilization, and disposal behaviors, were employed. The empirical results were relatively similar to those for the generic environment-friendly housing behaviors; however, each model provided somewhat different results in some specific aspects. All the environmental education-related variables appeared to be significant in explaining environment-friendly housing utilization behaviors, and were similar to the results obtained from the generic environment-friendly housing behaviors. However, the variables were limited in explaining environment-friendly housing-related disposal behaviors. The convenience, recycling ease, and family-structure variables appeared to be significant influences on environment-friendly housing-related disposal behaviors. Most empirical results of this research were consistent with those of previous studies. However, the explanatory independent variables varied, depending on the types of each domain of environment-friendly housing behaviors studied.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.330-340
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• 2010

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate and explain the socioeconomic inequalities of all-cause mortality after breast cancer surgery in South Korea. Methods: This population based study included all 8868 females who underwent radical mastectomy for breast cancer between January 2002 and June 2003. Follow-up for mortality continued from January 2002 to June 2006. The patients were divided into 4 socioeconomic classes according to their socioeconomic status as defined by the National Health Insurance contribution rate. The relationship between socioeconomic status and all-cause mortality after breast cancer surgery was assessed using the Cox proportional hazards model with adjusting for age, the Charlson’s index score, emergency hospitalization, the type of hospital and the hospital ownership. Results: Those in the lowest socioeconomic status group had a significantly higher hazard ratio of 2.09 (95% CI =1.50 - 2.91) compared with those in the highest socioeconomic group after controlling for all the identifiable confounding variables. For allcause mortality after radical mastectomy, all the other income groups showed significantly higher 3-year mortality rates than did the highest income group. Conclusions: The socioeconomic status of breast cancer patients should be considered as an independent prognostic factor that affects all-cause mortality after radical mastectomy, and this is possibly due to a delayed diagnosis, limited access or minimal treatment leading to higher mortality. This study may provide tangible support to intensify surveillance and treatment for breast cancer among low socioeconomic class women.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2016

Purpose - In the present study, it has become the most important necessity in our daily lives that consumers' psychological factors affect the use of smartphones, and it has been analyzed through behavioral economic approaches. In this respect, the present study is intended to apply the heuristic theory and the prospect theory among behavioral economics theories to examine how psychological factors affect consumers' product selection. Research design, data, and methodology - In the present study, using smartphone repurchase as a dependent variable, whether regulatory focus effects have interaction effects on behavioral economic theories and behavioral economic effects such as possession (ownership) effects, framing effects, and brand recollection. As an analysis method, questionnaire surveys conducted with university students in Incheon were examined through Two-Way ANOVAs using the SPSS23 package. Results - The analysis from the results are as follows. Using smartphone repurchase as a dependent variable, the main effects and interaction effects on two variables; satisfaction difference with product functions and positive framing variable were statistically significant. Using repurchase as a dependent variable was statistically significant, there was no interaction effect between the two variables; satisfaction difference with product functions and the difference of brands in possession. Using smartphone repurchase as a dependent variable, interaction effects on two variables; satisfaction difference with product functions and the lengths of product possession periods were not statistically significant. The results from the analyses of interaction effects of brand recollection and brands type were statistically significant in possession using repurchase as a dependent variable. The results from the analyses of the main effect of the brands type were statistically significant in possession using repurchase as a dependent variable. Conclusions - The implication of the present study is that it suggests the factors that became important for customers' smartphone purchase following the change in the meaning of smartphones from practical products in the past to hedonic products. Limitations of the present study are first, the study subjects are limited to students and the number of copies in questionnaires is only approximately 130, which is insufficient, so that the present study is not sufficient as a study for entire smartphone users.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2016

주택의 양적 공급보다는 질적 개선 등 유지보수가 중요해지고 있는 시점에서 본 논문은 현재 주택개보수 정책의 현안을 정리하고 이에 따른 개선방향을 제시하고자 한다. 2015년 주거급여의 개편과 더불어 저소득층에 대한 주택개보수가 확대되었으며, 각 부처에서 개별적으로 진행하는 개보수사업도 지속되고 있다. 현행 개보수정책은 공통적으로 대상자 선정을 기준으로 개별 주택에 대한 보수가 이루어지고 있으며, 주거급여의 수선유지급여는 임차가구를 제외한 자가 수급가구에 한정하고 있다. 향후 개보수정책은 구체화된 목표 설정과 활용문제를 검토하여야 하며, 주거급여는 임차가구와 소득 기준 대상자 확대를 고려하여야 한다. 또한 개별주택이 아닌 여러 주택에 대한 동시 개보수, 시공업체 선정방식의 개선, 유지보수업의 품질확보와 선진화 등을 추진할 필요가 있다.

• 정보관리연구
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.73-92
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• 2009

많은 도서관은 한정된 자원을 극복하고 이용자의 정보요구를 충족시키기 위하여 상호대차서비스를 활용한다. 상호대차서비스는 도서관 서비스의 소유 소장의 개념에서 공유 접근의 개념으로 변화를 말하는 것으로, 상호대차서비스 평가 및 그 필요성을 재고할 필요가 있다. K대학은 단행본 중심의 캠퍼스 상호대차서비스는 오랫동안 제공하였는데, 2003년부터 온라인서비스를 제공하는 등의 노력을 지속적으로 하였다. 본 연구는 상호대차서비스의 전산화가 서비스에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위한 것으로 9년간의 서비스운영 실적을 비교분석하였다.시스템 발전 단계에 따라 상호대차 신청과 도서 대출 건수가 급격히 증가하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 또한 서울캠퍼스 소속 이용자의 상호대차신청건수가 2001년 전체 도서신청건수 중 12%이었던 것이 2008년 무려 75%까지 상승한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 상호대차 처리시간도 2004년의 17% 수준으로 떨어지는 등 많은 개선 결과를 보였다.