• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7547-7554
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• 2015

Background: The use of smokeless tobacco (SLT) among women is increasing in India, especially among those with limited education and resources. Preventing the initiation of SLT among women is critical since it has known negative consequences for oral and reproductive health. Most research on tobacco initiation in India focuses on adolescents. This paper addresses the unrecognized issues of post marital initiation among women of reproductive age, highlighting the importance of reproductive stages in women's tobacco initiation. The objective is to examine the correlates of SLT initiation among low income women in Mumbai from pre-marriage through early marriage, first pregnancy and beyond, using case examples to illustrate initiation during each of these stages. Materials and Methods: In 2011-2012, cross-sectional community level survey data were collected from a representative sample of 409 daily SLT-using married women aged 18-40 years in a low income community in Mumbai. Information on socio-demographics, initiation by reproductive stage, types of tobacco use, childhood exposure to tobacco, learning to use, and initiation influences and reasons were collected through a researcher-administered survey. Univariate and bivariate analysis assessed factors influencing initiation of SLT use by reproductive stage. In addition 42 narratives of tobacco use were collected from a purposive sample of pregnant and non-pregnant married women addressing the same questions in detail. Narratives were transcribed, translated, and coded for key concepts including initiation of tobacco use. Results: Thirty-two percent of women initiated SLT use before marriage, 44% initiated after marriage but before pregnancy, 18.1% initiated during their first pregnancy and the remainder started after their first pregnancy. Mean age of marriage among women in this study was 16 years. Younger women (i.e. age at time of the interview of less than 30 years) were 0.47 [95% CI (0.32, 0.87)] percent less likely to initiate after marriage than women aged more than 30 years. Women who got married before 18 years of age were 2.34 [95% CI (1.40, 3.93)] times more likely to initiate after marriage than their counterparts. Childhood exposure was a predictor for initiating SLT use prior to marriage but not after. Women reporting tooth and gum pain were 1.85 times more likely to initiate after marriage than their counterparts. Husband and neighbours were the most significant influences on post-marital initiation. Narratives highlighted differences in processes of initiation pre and post marriage and during pregnancy. Conclusions: Most tobacco prevention interventions are directed to adolescents in school. This study suggests that especially for low literate or illiterate women, school based interventions are ineffective. To be effective strategies to prevent SLT initiation must reach women in urban areas at or immediately after marriage and during their first pregnancy. Messages must negate culturally rooted beliefs about the health benefits of SLT in order to prevent initiation and onset of daily use.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.119-133
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• 2019

Recently, the importance prediction of photovoltaic power (PV) is considered as an essential function for scheduling adjustments, deciding on storage size, and overall planning for stable operation of PV facility systems. In particular, since most of PV power is generated in peak time, PV power prediction in a peak time is required for the PV system operators that enable to maximize revenue and sustainable electricity quantity. Moreover, Prediction of the PV power output in peak time without meteorological information such as solar radiation, cloudiness, the temperature is considered a challenging problem because it has limitations that the PV power was predicted by using predicted uncertain meteorological information in a wide range of areas in previous studies. Therefore, this paper proposes the LSTM (Long-Short Term Memory) based the PV power prediction model only using the meteorological, seasonal, and the before the obtained PV power before peak time. In this paper, the experiment results based on the proposed model using the real-world data shows the superior performance, which showed a positive impact on improving the PV power in a peak time forecast performance targeted in this study.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.81-101
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• 2009

This study analyzed a total of 37 studies about bi-lingulism and English education as a foreign language published in 8 academic journals in early childhood education or child development fields. Research topics, participants, methods, and variables in the studies were categorized and descriptively analyzed. The research findings which had been statistically investigated were also summarized. The most frequently studied research topics were children's development and English education program exposure, actual conditions of English education in preschool settings and effectiveness of specific English programs for preschool children. However, children's home characteristics were seldom included as research variables and no research investigated so called English preschools. Several studies reported that bi-lingual children may have different language development paths from mono-lingual children but they eventually have comparable language abilities to mono-lingual children. Also some studies reported that, when learning English as a foreign language in school settings, older children can handle more information regarding English than younger children, resulting in better outcomes of older children. Exposure to two languages in early childhood seems to contribute to young children's meta linguistic awareness but the long term effect of English education in early childhood should be further studied. Several English education programs for preschool settings were developed and the effectiveness were investigated. Even though most of them reported that their programs were effective to children's English ability or interests, the results should be carefully interpreted because their research designs and methods were not rigorous.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.509-517
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• 2012

In this study, the illustrations of 27 middle school science textbooks developed under the 2007 Revised National Curriculum were analyzed in the aspect of gender-role stereotyping, and the results were compared with those of the 7th National Curriculum. The types of the illustrations were classified, and the frequencies of pupils and adults who appeared on the illustrations were counted by gender, and the types of activities and the character of them were also analyzed by gender. In all results of the analyses, the differences between male and female decreased in comparison with those of the 7th National Curriculum. More male pupils appeared in the illustrations than female pupils. The frequencies of learning activities were balanced by gender, but other activities were described as focusing on male pupils. The frequencies of male adults outnumbered female adults. While the ratio of female adults was high in houseworks, that of male adults was high in outdoor activities. The jobs of adults were also illustrated as male-centered. Most pupils and adults were found to be active. Both ratios of pupils and adults for each gender were relatively similar.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.465-471
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of educational training and psychosocial characteristics such as self-efficacy and social support on job involvement in dental hygienists. A total of 418 dental hygienists who were working in S, I and G area were recruited in this study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate individual and job characteristics, educational training, self-efficacy and social support of the study subjects. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship of individual and job characteristics, educational training, self-efficacy and social support to job involvement. All statistical analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 20.0 for Windows, and p<0.05 was considered significant. The results show that learning experiences of liberal arts or social sciences as a part of college curriculum (t=-2.406), self-efficacy (t=3.728) and social support at work (t=4.391) were significantly associated with job involvement in dental hygienists. Dental hygienists who were having experiences of liberal arts or social sciences as a part of college curriculum, showing higher levels of self-efficacy, and receiving adequate social support from supervisors or coworkers at work were more likely to feel job involvement. They explained 17.4% of total variance of job involvement. This result suggests that experiences of liberal arts or social sciences as a part of college curriculum, higher levels of self-efficacy, and adequate social support from supervisors or coworkers at work might play an important role in increasing job involvement of dental hygienists. It is strongly required to develop individual and organizational program or training to promote a positive attitude to their job as a key professionals in the field of dental health, and to increase job involvement of dental hygienists.

• Korean Educational Research Journal
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.211-230
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of secondary school SMART education. In order to achieve this, the paper separated the high school which implements the smart education for the high school and the high school which did not apply the smart education concept, then figuring out the answer about what school is more effective, the influence of the smart education concept on the students' emotions and academic achievement. This paper analyzed the effectiveness of SMART Education between Hansol high school in SeJong city and Jungang high school in Gwachen city by using 'schoolinfo (www.schoolinfor.go.kr) SMART education.' This study first presented the SMART Education's concept and characteristics through reviewing some literature, and then categorized the characteristics by using the items included academic achievement and emotional effect. These items consist of the 'students academic scores' for the academic achievement, 'the number of students dropped out' and 'the damage rate of school violence' for the emotional items. The conclusion of this study is that Hansol high school indicates lower school violence rate than Gwachen high schools with the two school's violence rate decreasing. Moreover, students' score of Hansol high school is higher than high schools in Gwachen city. The SMART education school budget structure is 'Common type', which requires a lot of investment to 'Basic education activities', 'educational activities support', 'School general operating expenses' among education budget items.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.173-183
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate and analyzed the current status of a dental hygiene curriculum according to the dental hygienist competency. Methods: The study subjects were 59 courses in the department of dental hygiene in G University from April 1 to May 30, 2015. Except for liberal arts, 51 courses were finally selected and analyzed for the relationship between the curriculum and competency. For each course, systematic reviews were made by subject name, core competency, achievement goals, lecture hours, weekly themes, and learning goals. Three experts in the dental hygiene evaluated and analyzed the association of competency and goals. Results: Each course was operated by the goal from one to twenty two competencies of dental hygiene. Achieving one item of competency in a course required 13 hours on the average from minimum 2 hours to maximum 30 hours. More than 20 courses were operated and more than 900 hours were necessary for achieving the competency. The competency included the contents of 'Be able to utilize basic medical and dental knowledge in dental hygiene care and patient care' among the dental hygiene competencies. Conclusions: Competency based dental hygiene education will provide theoretical background for defining the identity of dental hygienist as a health care worker and to encourage professionals who contribute to the recognition of healthy society. Further research should be continued for improving the competency-based dental hygiene curriculum and education methods for implementing the curriculum within the paradigm of health care services.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.203-211
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is meant to develop an evaluation framework for PBL and S-PBL package, as well as verify reliability and propriety of developed framework. To achieve the purpose, existing researches and related documents were considered, and composed basic questionnaire which fits to the basic frame of the framework, 3 categories 15 items for PBL/S-PBL. Verifying its contents propriety, examined by 9 experts who professors in college and made 14 items for PBL, 15 items for S-PBL. To verify construct validity of basic frameworks, carried out factor analysis. Final evaluation framework questionnaire were 15 items selected, its PBL for 3 items in motivating, 7 items in integrity, 4 items in systematic and total 14 items, S-PBL for 4 items in motivating, 6 items in integrity, 5 items in systematic and total 15 items, and was verify to have adequate reliability with Cronbach's $\alpha$ is 0.9112 in PBL, 0.9166 of S-PBL.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.68 no.1
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• pp.225-248
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• 2016

This study explores the effects on development of poor children by community-based orchestra educational activities and the orchestra educational activities factors for promoting the effects using longitudinal data are those collected for "The Evaluation of the Impact of Our Neighborhood Orchestra on Children's Learning" made by the Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra. For these purposes, this study employed a latent growth model analysis of the factors such as depression, aggressive behavior, communality and interpersonal relationship of development of poor children and evaluation, satisfaction, outsiders'attention and participation of facilitative factors. The result shows that they displayed significantly positive development in depression, aggressive behavior, and interpersonal relationship. It appears that the evaluation on music achievement had a positive impact on the rate of change in communality, while the evaluation on attitude had an impact in the initial value of depression, aggressive behavior, and communality, also the sense of satisfaction had a positive impact on the initial value of communality and interpersonal relationship in conditional models. And parents' attention and participation had a negative impact on the initial value of aggressive behavior, while the attention and participation of the community showed a positive impact on the initial value of depression and aggressive behavior. Based on these results, this study attempted to broaden the understanding of the development of poor children taking part in orchestra-based educational activities and provide a practical basis for social workers' direct invention, and look for new ways by shedding light on the merits of the cultural/art education of poor children that engage in the community-based orchestra educational activities.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.477-492
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• 1999

The disease patterns among the Korean was shifted from acute and infectious diseases to chronic diseases. According to the these disease patterns trends, people have concerned about the health promotion and health behaviors. Pender's(1996) revised health promotion model(HPM) is consist of three categories; Individual characteristics and experiences, Behavior-specific cognitions and affect, behavioral outcome. Of these categories, individual characteristics and experiences, this category of variables is considered to be of biological, psychological and socio-cultural personal factors, especially, individual fatigue. Futhermore. these variables constitute a critical core for nursing intervention, as they are subject to modification through nursing actions. But there is no few the research of the relationship between the fatigue and health promotion. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between the fatigue and health promoting life style among a rural college students. Additionally, this descriptive correlational study identified the relation of demographic factors and fatigue, health promoting life style. From June 20 to 26, 1998, a convenience sample of 270 college students completed the questionnaire of the fatigue and health promoting life style profile which were developed by the Yoshitake(1978) and Walker, et al.(1987), respectively. The descriptive correlational statistics, mean, t-test, ANONA, Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data gathered with SAS pc+ program. The results were as it follows: 1. The average fatigue score of the subjects was $64.93{\pm}12.89$. Fatigue scores by subcategory were physical symptoms($23.5{\pm}4.87$). psychological symptoms($22.11{\pm}4.66$) and neuro-sensory symptoms($19.32{\pm}5.14$). With the respect to the demographic characteristics of the subjects, there were statistically significant differences between the demographic factors and fatigue, especially, sex(t==3.69 p<0.01), major(t=-2.89 p<0.01). the experience of family illness(t=2.76 p<0.01). 2. The average health promoting life style item score of the subjects was $2.33{\pm}0.33$. In the subcategories, the highest degree of performance was self-actualization(2.94), following interpersonal support(2.81). stress management(2.33), exercise(2.20), nutrition(2.10), and the lowest degree was health responsibility(1.73). There were the significant differences on the learning of health education(t=2.00 p<0.01). religion(F=3.01, p<0.05), circle activity(t=2.07, p<0.05), nutrition control(t=5.25, p<0.01) of demographical factors with the health promoting life style. 3. The correlation between the fatigue and health promoting life style made statistically no significance(r=-0.09731, p>0.05). But there was negative significant relationship between health promoting life style and psychological symptom as a fatigue subcategory(r=-0.15721, p<0.05). The self-actualization showed negative significant correlation with all fatigue subcategory. The health responsibility showed significant relationship with total fatigue(r=0.13050. p<0.05). For further research, it suggests to replicate the correlational and causal study between the fatigue and the health promoting life style using the another fatigue scale which is able to measure the subjective and objective fatigue degree. And it needs to develop the nursing intervention program for maintaining and promoting the health behavior as well as for decreasing the college students's fatigue.