• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.242-254
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• 1995

The Hadano Basin is located at a distance of about 70kms and 60kms from Tokyo and Yokohama and lies in the south-west part of the Kanto region in Japan. The basin area, which correspoends to the catchment of the Kaname River, is about areal size of 60.7$\textrm{km}^2$ and extends about length of 8kms in E-W direction and about width of 5kms in N-S direction (Fig.1). The Hadano basin is filled with thick pile of the alluvum from deposits composed of volcanic materials, mostly came from the Hakone Volcano and overlain by Fuji Volcanic ashes. Fluvial deposits form the good aquifer, therefore water resources of Handano City has been largely depending upon the eroundwater. Urbanization and industrialization of the basin has been rapid in the last thirty years, after activation of "Factory Attraction Policy of Hadano City" in 1956. Growth in population and number of factory due to urbanization changed the land-use pattern of the basin rapidly and increased the water demands. Therefore, Hadano City exploited a new source of water supply, and have introduced the prefectureal waterworks since 1976. On the other hand, the rapid urbanization has brought about the pollution of streams in the basin by domestic sewage and industrial waste water. Diffusion rate of sewerage systems in Hadano City is 38% in 1993. In ordcr to examine the impact of anthropogenic factors on river environments, the author took up the change of land-use and diffusion area of sewerage as parameters, and performed field surveys on water discharge and quality. The survey has been made at upstream and downstream of the main stream regularly per month, to get informati ons about the variation of discharge and water quality aiong the stream and its diurnal fluctuation. Annual variation has been analyzed based the data from Hadano City Office. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Stream discharge has been increasing by urbanization (Fig.3). Water quality (C $l^{-10}$ , N $H^{+}$$_{ 4}$-N, BOD) has been improving gradually after the application of sewerage service, yet water pollution load at the lower station has increased than that at the upper one because of the larger anthropogenic discharge volumes (Fig.4). 2. Corrclation coefficient of discharges between upper and lower was 0.81-0.92. Pollutant loads of the R. Kamame after the confluence with R. Kuzuha grew up by 2.4-3.7 times as compared with its upper reaches, and it increased to 3.7-6.9 times after the confluence with the R. Muro (Fig.5). 3. The changes of water quality along the stream can be divided into two groups (Fig.6a). First: water quality of the R. Kaname and R. Shijuhachisse is becoming worse towards the lower reaches because the water from branches are polluted. Second: water quality are improved in the lower where spring and small branch streams supply clear water, for example R. Mizunashi, R. Muro and R. Kuzuha. 4. Measured discharge at the upper station in the R. Shijuhachisse is 0.153㎥/sec, and about 55% of this is recharged until it reaches to the lower point. The R. Mizunashi has a discharge of 1.155㎥/sec at the upper point, is recharged 0.24㎥/sec until the midstream and groundwater spring 0.2㎥/sec at the lower reaches. R. Kuzuha recharged all the mountain runoff (0.2㎥/sec) at the upper reaches. The R. Muro is supplied by many springs and the estimated discharge of spring was 0.47㎥/sec (Fig.6b). 5. Diurmal variations in discharge and water quality are influenced clearly by domestic and industrial waste waters (Fig.7, 8).ed clearly by domestic and industrial waste waters (Fig.7, 8).

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2022

This study is a case study to identify the spatial composition and structural problems of existing schools for spatial innovation as a future school that can operate a credit system for old high schools and establish a mid-to-long-term arrangement plan as a credit system operating school capable of various teaching and learning in the future. The study results are as follows: First, most of the problems of the old high schools entailed that there was very poor connectivity between buildings as most of them were arranged in a single, standard design-type unit building and distributed in multiple buildings. In addition, the floor plan of each building is suggested to be a structure in which student exchange and rest functions cannot be achieved during the break period due to the spatial composition of the classroom and hallway concepts. Second, in the direction of the high school space configuration for future school space innovation, the arrangement plan should be established by reflecting the collective arrangement in consideration of the shortening of the movement route and the expansion of subject areas due to the movement of students on the premise of the subject classroom system. Moreover, it is desirable to provide a square-type space for rest and exchange in the central area where communication and exchange are possible according to the moving class. Third, as the evaluation criteria for relocating old high schools, a space program is prepared based on the number of classes in the future, and legal analysis of school land use and land use efficiency analysis considering regional characteristics are conducted. Based on such analysis data, mid-to-long-term land use plans and space arrangement plans for the entire school space such as the school facility complex are established.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.323-336
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• 2014

Using hedonic price method, this paper analyzes the impact of restriction for water quality protection on property value with the officially announced price of reference land in the city of Namyangju in 2012 to evaluate Water Use Fee, based on beneficiary pays principle, levied on the downstream area of the Han River in Korea. The results from the regression analyses of the models used show that the double-log model is the preferred model in the case of Namyangju. Using the double-log model, the total compensation for the city of Namyangju is estimated to be 8.6 trillion won with 95% confidence interval between 4.4 trillion and 12.4 trillion won. Under the perpetuity compensation scheme at the discount rate of 10%, the estimated annual compensation is 0.9 trillion won with 95% confidence interval between 0.4 trillion and 1.2 trillion won. This is more than Water Use Fee collected in 2012 for the Han River, which is approximately 0.5 trillion won. Considering the size of the restricted area of the Paldang area, which is more than 18 times of that of Namyangju, the rate of Water Use Fee, which is based on beneficiary pays principle and imposed on the residents of the downstream area, needs to be increased to sufficiently compensate the economic loss caused to the upstream areas of the Han River in Korea.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.147-157
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• 2022

This study tried to propose a smart farm technology strategy suitable for the domestic situation, focusing on the differentiation suitable for the domestic situation of ICT technology. In the case of advanced countries in the overseas agricultural industry, it was confirmed that they focused on the development of a specific stage that reflected the geographical characteristics of each country, the characteristics of the agricultural industry, and the characteristics of the people's demand. Confirmed that no enemy development is being performed. Therefore, in response to problems such as a rapid decrease in the domestic rural population, aging population, loss of agricultural price competitiveness, increase in fallow land, and decrease in use rate of arable land, this study aims to develop smart farm ICT technology in the future to create quality agricultural products and have price competitiveness. It was suggested that the smart farm should be promoted by paying attention to the excellent performance, ease of use due to the aging of the labor force, and economic feasibility suitable for a small business scale. First, in terms of economic feasibility, the ICT technology is configured by selecting only the functions necessary for the small farm household (primary) business environment, and the smooth communication system with these is applied to the ICT technology to gradually update the functions required by the actual farmhouse. suggested that it may contribute to the reduction. Second, in terms of performance, it is suggested that the operation accuracy can be increased if attention is paid to improving the communication function of ICT, such as adjusting the difficulty of big data suitable for the aging population in Korea, using a language suitable for them, and setting an algorithm that reflects their prediction tendencies. Third, the level of ease of use. Smart farms based on ICT technology for the development of the Industry6.0 (1.0(Agriculture, Forestry) + 2.0(Agricultural and Water & Water Processing) + 3.0 (Service, Rural Experience, SCM)) perform operations according to specific commands, finally suggested that ease of use can be promoted by presetting and standardizing devices based on big data configuration customized for each regional environment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.4969-4976
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• 2015

South Korea has more than two-thirds of the land consists of mountainous terrain. It is necessary to enable the recycling of mountain tourism policy to allow people to use. This paper studied Bukhansan where there seems to have the most economical efficiency and effectiveness as an alternative means of transportation applying user'swillingnessto pay by age based upon the Study on Introduction Bukhansan Mountain Railway which was progressed as part of the balanced national development and railway promotion strategy. The Analyisis results are shown that cost-benefit ratio is Lim 0.73 and rack & pinion 0.8. The rack-and-pinion method is selected as an applicable alternative. If the new technologies are developed and made part of the construction of the tunnel route was judged as possible as an alternative way LIM

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2004

A study was conducted to develop a management policy of animal waste in Northern Chungbuk province through investigating the status of animal waste management. In management of swine manure, rotary composting including a simple piling method has a portion of $64\%$ using as a liquefied fertilizer $18\%$, purification $9\%$ and ocean dumping $9\%$ respectively. Most of them use the animal waste as a fertilizer to the agricultural land. The exercise ground of dairy farms was bedded with $70\%$ of sawdust and $30\%$ of conventional soil ground besides the stall. They had a storage tank for the waste water from milking parlor. Korean beef cattle farms mostly run sawdust stall, which changed new one in a term of 6$\~$12 months. In case of layer, manure management was conducted in the order of simple piling method, rotary composting and ventilation into the piling mostly. Comparing the amount of excreted animal manure with that of possible spreading, the latter can be spread more than 2.9 times than the former in Northern Chungbuk province. The Northern Chungbuk province is an appropriate place to carry out an environmentally friendly animal production. An utilization model as a liquefied fertilizer should be developed for paddy field, upland field, orchard, and forage field to in-crease the value of animal waste effectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.4
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• pp.449-455
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• 2016

This study was conducted to provide the basic policy information for systematic forest road planning and maintenance management by surveying two different administrator groups. The survey results showed that the high priorities of forest road planning were silviculture, disaster prevention, and timber harvesting, and main forest road type was preferred for future use. Also 92.9% of the respondents expressed difficulties due to insufficient manpower and budget. The expected damage types due to forest road construction were threat-to-life by slope failure and dispute on crossing private land. The current main maintenance tasks on forest roads included drainage and road surface maintenance works. Main forest road facilities that should be needed after the construction were installation of additional drainage structures, and slope revegetation and stabilization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.4 no.4 s.15
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• pp.35-42
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• 2004

Accurate classification of water area is a preliminary step to analyze the flooded area and damages caused by flood. This is essential process for monitoring the region where annually repeating flood is a problem. The accurate estimation of flooded area can ultimately be utilized as a primary source of information for the policy decision. In this paper, flooded areas was classified using 1:25,000 land use map and a RADARSAT image of Ok-Chun and Bo-Eun located in Chung-Book province taken in 12th of August, 1998. Then we analyzed the flood area based on GIS. A RADARSAT image was used to classify the flooded areas with slope theme generated from digital elevation model. In processing on a RADARSAT image, the geometric correction was performed by a backwardgeocoding method based on ephemeris data and one control point for near real time flood area analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.67-82
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• 2016

This study aims to test the spatial mismatch hypothesis by exploring the relationship between income and commuting time in Seoul, Korea. For this purpose, we analyze the commuting times of individuals who commute to Seoul, using the data for the metropolitan household survey. We employed a hierarchial linear model(HLM) to capture the effects of both individual attributes and regional attributes, and their interactions. The results show that the commuting time decreases with household income controlling for the regional attributes, and the effect of income increases with the housing price of the location of a commuter's firm. This implies that the spatial mismatch holds for Seoul as follows: Lower personal income and housing affordablility extend individuals' commuting times, and the destinations' characteristics such as housing type and land use also have impacts on commuting time. These results have some policy implications for achieving social equity in terms of spatial structure of the city.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.25-48
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• 1993

International concern over the environmental pollution is ever increasing, and diversified countermeasures must be devised in Korea also. Global trend, damages, problems and countermeasures with respect to issues mentioned in the Rio Declaration, such as prevention of ozone layer destruction, reduction of migratory atmospheric pollution between neighboring countries, and prevention of global greenhouse effect, were discussed in this report. Conclusion of the report is summarized as follows : A. Measurement, Planning and Monitoring (1) Development and implementation of a global network for measurement and monitoring from the global aspects such factors as related to acid rain(Pioneer substances, pH, sulfate, nitrate), effect of global temperature(Air temperature, $CO_2$, $CH_4$, CFC, $N_2O$) and destruction of ozone layer($CFC_S$). (2) Establishment of network system via satellite monitoring movement of regional air mass, damage on the ozone layer and ground temperature distribution. B. Elucidation of Present State (1) Improvement and development of devices for carbon circulation capable of accurately forecasting input and output of carbon. (2) Developmental research on chemical reactions of greenhouse gas in the air. (3) Improvement and development of global circulation model(GCM) C. Impact Assessment Impact assessment on ecosystem, human body, agriculture, floodgate, land use, coastal ecology, industries, etc. D. Preventive Measures and Technology Development (1) Development and consumption of new energy (2) Development of new technology for removal of pioneer substances (3) Development of substitute matter for $CFC_S$ (4) Improvement of agriculture and forestry means to prevent the destruction of ozone layer and the greenhouse effect of the globe (5) Improvement of housing to prevent the destruction of ozone layer and the greenhouse effect of the globe (6) Development of new technology for probing underground water (7) Preservation of forest (8) Biomass 5. Policy Development (1) Development of strategy model (2) Development of long term forecast model (3) Development of penalty charge effect and expense evaluation methods (4) Feasibility study on regulations By establishing the above mentioned measures for environmentally sound and sustainable development to establish the right to live for humankind and to preserve the one and only earth.