• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2006

우유와 두유를 2:1로 혼합하고 홍삼 추출물을 첨가하여 발효유를 제조하였고 2종류의 스타터를 사용하여 발효 특성을 시험하였다. 2종류의 스타터를 사용한 모든 처리구에서 배양 15시간 후 pH는 $3.90{\sim}3.94$ 사이로 나타나 산 생성 촉진 효과가 있었고, 산 생성은 홍삼 추출물 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 조금씩 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 홍삼 추출물 첨가량이 증가할수록 생균수는 증가하여 Lactobacillus acidophilus KCTC 3150를 스타터로 사용한 균에서 1.0% 홍삼 추출물 첨가량은 $6.26{\times}10^8\;cfu/mL$로서 최대 균수를 나타내었으며, 배양 12시간 이후에 대조구에서는 감소하는 반면 홍삼 추출물 첨가구에서는 젖산균수는 계속해서 최대균수를 유지하고 있었다. 유기산 생성은 lactic acid인 경우 Lactobacillus acidophilus KCTC3150에서 1.0% 홍삼 추출물 첨가구에서 332.22 mM로 가장 높았으며 홍삼 추출물 첨가량이 증가됨에 따라 lactic acid의 생성량도 증가되었다. 당 분해율은 두 균주 모두 홍삼 추출물 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 stachylose의 분해율이 증가하였고, Lactobacillus acidophilus KCTC3150 균주의 경우 stachylose의 분해율이 최대 19%인 반면, Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius CNU27의 경우 stachylose의 최대 분해율은 54%로서 분해율이 월등히 높았다. 점도는 홍삼추출물 첨가량이 1.0% 첨가구에서 Lactobacillus acidophilus KCTC3150, Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius CNU27 각각 780 cP로 가장 높게 나타났다. 관능검사 결과는 0.2% 홍삼 추출물을 첨가하고 Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius CNU27를 스타터로 사용한 발효유가 $4.14{\pm}0.64$로 기호도가 가장 좋게 나타났다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.609-616
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• 2011

전통발효식품으로부터 L. monocytogenes ATCC 19114에 강한 항균활성을 보이는 균주를 분리하였다. 분리된 균주의 형태학적 및 생화학적 특성과 16S rRNA 염기서열 분석을 통해 Lactobacillus salivarius LCH1227으로 동정되었다. L. salivarius LCH1227이 분비하는 항균물질은 L. monocytogenes 뿐만 아니라 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Bacillus cereus, Lactobacillus fermentum 등과 같은 그람양성 세균에 대해 폭 넓은 항균 활성을 나타내었다. L. salivarius LCH1227의 생육에 따른 항균 활성을 측정한 결과, 생장정체기 초기에 최대 활성(300 AU/mL)을 나타내었고, 생장정체기 이후부터 활성이 점차 감소하였다. 항균물질의 활성은 pH 2-12 구간에서 비교적 안정하였으며, 열처리에 의해서도 활성이 소실되지 않아 열에 안정한 물질임을 알 수 있었다. L. salivarius LCH1227이 생산하는 항균물질은 단백질 분해효소 처리 후에 활성이 실활됨으로써 단백질성 물질인 것으로 추정되었으며, Tricine-SDS-PAGE 실험을 통하여 항균물질의 분자량은 약 5 kDa 정도임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.483-493
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• 2005

우유와 두유를 혼합하여 요구르트를 제조하고자 스타터에 따른 발효물의 성상을 시험하였다. 4종류의 서로 다른 스타터를 접종한 모든 처리구에서 배양 15시간 후 pH는 lactic culture 2(B. longum, L. acidophilus, S. thermophilus)를 제외한 나머지 처리구에서 $4.16\~3.75$ 사이로 나타나 발효 촉진효과가 있었고, 산 생성은 우유와 두유의 홉합비가 2:1이고 lactic culture 1 [Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus(LB12), Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus(ST36)]을 스타터로 사용한 요구르트에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 생균수는 1:3 비율에서 15시간째 Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius CNU27을 스타터로 사용한 균에서 $2.17\times10^9 cfu/mL$로서 최대 균수를 나타내었다. 두유 혼합요구르트에서 생산된 유기산의 함량을 측정한 바, 유기산 생산 중 lactic acid인 경우 lactic culture 1 [Lacto-bacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus(LB12), Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophihus(ST36)]을 스타터로 사용했을 때 1:1에서 412.52 mM로 가장 높았다. Acetic acid인 경우는 혼합비 3:1에서 lactic culture 2(B. longum, L. acidophilus, S. thermophilus)가 394.01mM로 가장 높게 생산되었다. 당 분해율은 혼합비 1:3에서 Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius CNU27를 스타터로 사용한 요구르트에서 대조구와 비교해 stachyose가 $53.92\%$로 가장 많이 분해되었다. 점도는 두유 혼합비가 가장 높은 1:3 처리구에서 $1,300\~1,660 cP$ 로 가장 높게 나타났다. 관능검사 결과는 2:1 혼합비에서 Lactobacillus acidophilus KCTC3150를 스타터로 사용한 요구르트가 $4.17\pm0.69,$ 3: 1 혼합비에서 Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius CNU27를 스타터로 사용한 요구르트가 $4.00\pm0..58$으로 기호도가 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.98-101
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• 2019

Lactobacillus spp. are the bacteria most commonly used as probiotics and it has been proven that they inhibit pathogenic bacterial growth and improve skin repair in humans. This study was conducted to investigate the growth inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus on Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, the most commonly isolated pathogen in canine pyoderma, and whether Lactobacillus could inhibit the adhesion capability of S. pseudintermedius to canine corneocytes. For this study, L. salivarius and S. pseudintermedius were isolated from healthy beagle fecal samples and the skin surface of dogs with skin infection, respectively. S. pseudintermedius was co-cultured with L. salivarius to assess the inhibitory effect. For the adhesion assay, corneocytes were collected from healthy beagle ventral abdominal skin. Both bacterial species attached to corneocytes and were assessed in number. As a result, L. salivarius significantly inhibited the growth of S. pseudintermedius in the culture medium. Moreover, L. salivarius reduced attachment of S. pseudintermedius in the adhesion assay. These results suggest that L. salivarius has an inhibitory effect on S. pseudintermedius and may be effectively used in the topical therapy of canine skin infections.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1657-1661
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• 2015

Newborn chicks are susceptible to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus probiotic isolated from chicken feces on heterophil phagocytosis in broiler chicks. A total of 150 newborn broiler chicks were divided into 5 groups (30 chicks per group) as follows: group 1 (normal control), given feed and water only, group 2 (positive control) given feed, water and SE infection, group 3 (L61 treated) given feed, water, SE infection followed by Lactobacillus salivarius L61 treatment, group 4 (L55 treated) given feed, water, SE infection followed by L. salivarius L55 treatment, and group 5 given feed, water, SE infection followed by L. salivarius L61 + L55 combination treatment. After SE infection, L. salivarius treatment lasted for 7 days. The results showed that L. salivarius L61 and L. salivarius L55 treatment, either alone or combination of both, increased the survival rate after SE infection, and upregulated heterophil phagocytosis and phagocytic index (PI). Conversely, chick groups treated with Lactobacillus showed lower SE recovery rate from cecal tonsils than that of the positive control group. The PI values of the chicken group with SE infection, followed by the combination of L. salivarius L61 and L. salivarius L55 were the highest as compared to either positive control or normal control group. Two Lactobacillus strains supplementation group showed significantly (p<0.05) higher PI value at 48 h than 24 h after treatment.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2019

Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a major urogenital infection in women. Lactobacilli are important in maintaining vaginal health. In the present study, the effect of heat adaptation at $47{\sim}52^{\circ}C$ prior to heat stress at $60^{\circ}C$ in improving the viability of Lactobacillus salivarius MG242 was examined. L. salivarius MG242 has antifungal effects against Candida albicans. Heat-adapted cells had a higher survival rate than non-adapted cells during the subsequent heat stress. When chloramphenicol was added during the adaptation process, heat tolerance was abolished, suggesting the involvement of de novo protein synthesis with the heat adaptation of L. salivarius MG242 strain. Exopolysaccharide quantification and scanning election microscopy did not reveal any appreciable changes during heat adaptation. The antifungal activity of L. salivarius MG242 against C. albicans was maintained during the heat adaptation. These results suggest that heat adaptation can be applied for the development of probiotic products using L. salivarius MG242 to improve its stress tolerance during processing.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1308-1314
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• 2018

Objective: Gut health improvements were monitored with respect to growth performance, diarrhea incidence, fecal bacterial population and intestinal morphology of suckling pigs orally supplemented with live Lactobacillus salivarius (L. salivarius) oral suspensions and challenged with $F4^+$ enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Methods: Two groups of newborn pigs from 18 multiparous sows were randomly designated as non-supplemented (control: n = 114 piglets) and L. salivarius supplemented groups (treatment: n = 87 piglets). Treatment pigs were orally administered with 2 mL of $10^9$ colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL L. salivarius on days 1 to 3, then they were orally administered with 5 mL of $10^9CFU/mL$ L. salivarius on days 4 to 10, while those in control group received an equal amount of phosphate buffered saline solution. On day 24 (2 weeks post supplementation), one pig per replicate of both groups was orally administered with $10^8CFU/mL$ $F4^+$ ETEC, then they were euthanized on day 29 of experiment. Results: Results revealed that pigs in treatment group had a statistically significant increase in average daily gain, body weight and weight gain, and tended to lower diarrhea throughout the study. Numbers of Lactobacillus population in feces of treatment pigs were higher than control pigs, especially on day 10 of study. Numbers of total bacteria in intestinal contents of control pigs were also increased, but not Coliform and Lactobacillus populations. Histological examination revealed statistically significant improvements of villous height and villous/crypt ratio of duodenum, proximal jejunum and distal jejunum parts of treatment pigs compared with controls. Duodenal pH of treatment group was significantly decreased. Conclusion: Oral supplementation of live L. salivarius during the first 10 days of suckling pig promoted growth performance and gut health, reduced diarrhea incidence, increased fecal Lactobacillus populations and improved intestinal morphology.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2007

산란계의 분변으로부터 생균제 특성을 가진 유산균을 분리하기 위하여, 무작위 선발법과 agar well diffusion assay법을 사용하여 다수의 유산균을 1차 선발하였으며 이 중에서 대장균 억제능이 가장 우수한 CPM-7 균주를 분리하였다. 최종 선발된 CPM-7 균주는 형태학적 특징, 당 이용성 및 16S rRNA 서별 분석을 통하여 Lactobacillus salivarius CPM-7으로 동정되었다. L. salivarius CPM-7은 내산성 및 내담즙성이 우수한 것으로 나타났는데, pH 2에서 30분 동안 및 pH 3에서 6시간 동안 생균수가 거의 유지되었으며, bile salt 0.2%가 첨가된 MRS 배지에서 증식할 수 있었다. L. salivarius CPM-7은 a-galactosidase를 포함한 다수의 효소를 생산하는 것으로 확인되었으며, 돼지의 장 상피세포에 흡착할 수 있었다. L. salivarius CPM-7의 배양액 및 중화액은 자돈 설사를 유발하는 것으로 알려진 E. coli K88에 대한 강력한 억제능을 나타내었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1798-1807
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius having probiotic properties to be used as the health adjuncts with fermented milk products. Acid- and bile-tolerant lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius was isolated with lactobacilli MRS broth from faeces of 80 healthy persons (infants, children and adults). It was used as a probiotic strain in fermented milk products. The pH of fermented milk decreased from pH 6.7 to 5.0 and titratable acidity increased from 0.3% to 1.0% by L. salivarius subsp. salivarius (isolation strain 20, 35, and 37), when incubated for 36 h at 37$^{\circ}C$. The number of viable cell counts of fermented milk was maximized at this incubation condition. The SDS-PAGE evidenced no significant change of casein but distinct changes of whey protein were observed by isolated L. salivarius subsp. salivarius for titratable acidity being incubated by 0.9-1.0% at 37$^{\circ}C$. All of the strains produced 83.43 to 131.96 mM of lactic acid and 5.39 to 26.85 mM of isobutyric acid in fermented products. The in vitro culture experiment was performed to evaluate ability to reduce cholesterol levels and antimicrobial activity in the growth medium. The selected L. salivarius subsp. salivarius reduced 23-38% of cholesterol content in lactobacilli MRS broth during bacterial growth for 24 h at 37$^{\circ}C$. All of the isolated L. salivarius subsp. salivarius had an excellent antibacterial activity with 15-25 mm of inhibition zone to E. coli KCTC1039, S. enteritidis KCCM3313, S. typhimurium M-15, and S. typhimurium KCCM40253 when its pH had not been adjusted. Also, all of the isolated L. salivarius subsp. salivarius had partial inhibition zone to E. coli KCTC1039, E. coli KCTC0115 and S. enteritidis KCCM3313 when it had been adjusted to pH 5.7. The selected strains were determined to have resistances of twelve antibiotic. Strains 27 and 35 among the L. salivarius subsp. salivarius showed the highest resistance to the antibiotics. These results indicated that some of the L. salivarius subsp. salivarius (strain 27 and 35) are considered as effective probiotic strains with a potential for industrial applications, but the further study is needed to establish their use as probiotics in vivo.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.1170-1178
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• 2001

This study was conducted to isolate lactobacilli having characteristics to be used as health adjuncts with fermented milk products. Acid tolerant strains were selected in Lactobacilli MRS broth adjusted to pH 4.0 from human faeces. Bile tolerant strains were examined in Lactobacilli MRS broth in which 1.0% bile salt was added. Microhemagglutination tests using swine erythrocytes were performed to select lactobacilli having adherence properties to survive in the intestinal tract. By examination of these characteristics the strain Nam 27, which was isolated from adult faeces, was selected and identified as Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius based on carbohydrate fermentation and 16S rDNA sequencing.