• 산업노동연구
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.35-71
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• 2018

본 논문은 몸이 아픈데도 불구하고 출근을 하는 행위를 뜻하는 프리젠티즘(presenteeism) 과 연관되어 있는 직업 환경적 요소들을 탐색하고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 프리젠티즘은 학술연구 분야에서 상대적으로 새로운 개념이지만, 노동자들의 미래의 직업적 전망과 삶의 질에 위협을 가하는 중요한 요인이자, 노동생산성을 저하시킨다는 의미에서 중요한 사회적 이슈가 된다. 이 연구를 위해 안전보건공단에서 실시하는 근로환경조사 2014년 자료가 사용되었고, 분석에는 15세 이상의 임금근로자 24,571 명이 포함되었다. 프리젠티즘의 경험 여부에 대한 로지스틱 분석을 시행하여 노동시간과 개인생활, 노동환경과 직장환경, 고용불안정, 보상과 복지 네 가지 측면에서의 가설을 검증하였다. 분석 결과로부터 1) 근무시간으로 인해 가족/사회생활의 어려움이 크다고 느낄수록, 2) 노동시간압박이 크고, 직장만족도가 낮을수록, 3) 직업불안정성이 클수록, 4) 복지 수준이 낮을수록 프리젠티즘의 가능성이 높다는 점이 확인되었다. 이는 직장의 업무요구나 직업적 환경이 개인의 주관적 기대수준과 부조화가 나타나 개인적 자원의 손실이 예상될 경우, 건강상태가 좋지 않음에도 불구하고 출근을 하여 그 손실을 메우고자 한다는 본 논문의 이론적 논의와 일관된 결과라 볼 수 있다. 프리젠티즘은 노동자 개인의 삶의 질과 건강에 부정적인 영향을 줄 뿐만 아니라 사회적 비용도 발생시키는 관행인 만큼, 조직적인 측면에서 이를 예방할 수 있는 방법에 대한 모색이 필요하다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.287-301
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• 2022

Objectives: This study compared the characteristics of the work environment between agricultural and general workers and analyzed the effects of agricultural working characteristics on work-related health problems. Methods: The participants of this study were 2,347 agricultural workers and 48,042 general workers who were selected by applying standardized weights to the raw data of 50,538 respondents from the 6th Korean Working Condition Survey (KWCS). Variables applicable to both worker groups and related to exposure to hazardous risk factors in the working environment, working hours and intensity of work, health problems and work-related status, and satisfaction with the work environment were selected. Chi-square tests and independent sample t-tests were performed to evaluate the differences in the variables between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the effects of work environment characteristics on work-related health problems. Results: Compared to general workers, agricultural workers were more exposed to hazardous environments, irregular work patterns such as working on Saturday/Sunday, and short repetitive tasks. They reported more work-related and general health problems, including back pain, upper extremity muscle pain, lower extremity muscle pain, and general fatigue. Agricultural workers showed lower satisfaction with their work environment than general workers. Factors affecting one or more work-related health problems included gender, working years, hazardous factors, irregular work pattern, working hours, and labor intensity. Conclusions: Our findings showed that agricultural workers were relatively more vulnerable to safety issues compared to other occupational groups. Therefore, it is necessary to establish standardized safety and health standards and strengthen systematic safety and health management policies and services for agriculture.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.583-591
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to assess the demands of the development program of silver health care professionals for elderly individuals residing in the Northern Gyeonggi-do area. To this end, a survey was conducted to investigate college students and employees related with elderly individuals in the area regarding their recognition, interest, and involvement in the labor training program. In the case of college students, the health education they had received was only 1 to 2 hours, from a school lecture(35%). The content of health education they desired was exercise(34%) and stress management skills(28%). The sources of health information they received included mass media(77%) and the internet(12%), and they trusted the information they received from health professionals(45%), and the mass media(34%). In the case of health professionals who were working at silver care facilities, the sources of health information to which they had access were mass media(51%), internet(14%), reliable health professionals(56%), mass media(22%), and books related to health (18%). The principal issues they reported as being relevant to the elderly were dementia(39%), hypertension(14%), arthritis (11%), and they reported that the most important personnel for elderly in the future would be care managers(44%), and care helpers(21%). 88% of subjects believed that there was a need for a silver welfare integrated information system. 43% of subjects used the internet, 77% of them required in-service training programs for the welfare of the elderly. Via this developmental program of silver health care professionals, a variety of new job opportunities can be provided in the future, and a program related to the silver service industry must be established as soon as possible.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.556-565
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• 2014

Objectives: This study is aimed at inquiring into the grasp of real condition of working environment and improvements by calculating the hypertension distribution consequent on job stress risk and exposure level of alleviating factors. In addition, this study is intending to estimate the hypertension distribution through socio-demographic factors and level of stressors occurring at working environment, such as high workload, low control, low support, job insecurity, long working hours, low income. Methods: This study estimated the hypertension distribution using the tertiary Korean Working Conditions Survey data, and conducted comparative analysis according to the category of individual questionnaire items using odds ratio. Result: As a result of study, it was found that in the event that working environment satisfaction is low and business & an immediate superior's attitudes are negative, the hypertension distribution was high. Particularly, it was found that physical risk factor musculoskeletal risk factor, and mental risk factor in a workplace were all increasing the hypertension distribution. Conclusions: With the aged workers' labor market participation ratio increasing, hypertension could be a major issue in the field of Occupational Safety and Health. Thus, it's necessary that the relevant employer should lower the hypertension distribution through creation of pleasant working environment and inducement of workers to improve in the relations with their superiors. As for the uppermost limit of this study, there is a limit to clarifying the mechanism of hypertension through multivariate statistics analysis because it's difficult to establish causal relationship by individual questionnaire item as the working conditions survey is made by cross-sectional study. In the follow-up research, this study is going to do research on the mechanism of hypertension through questionnaire supplementation and in-depth analysis.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.265-276
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 어떠한 동기요인이 조리사에 대한 직업을 선택하게 하는 지에 대해 학술적인 고찰을 거쳐 직업선택 동기의 중요도와 만족도 간에 IPA 분석하고, 동기요인이 만족도에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 조리사 직업선택 동기에 따른 만족도에 미치는 영향에서는 현실, 자기중심, 가치 등은 만족도에 유의적인 영향을 미치고 있지만, 안정은 만족도에 아무런 영향을 미치지 못했다. 따라서 회사를 운영하는 경영자는 직원들에게 승진의 기회 증가, 능력발휘 기회, 보상, 경력개발, 근무환경 개선 등을 통하여 종사원들이 안정적으로 근무할 있도록 동기 부여를 해야 할 것이다. 뿐만 아니라 기업체에서 운영하는 영업장이나 특급호텔에서는 개인이 운영하는 영업장과는 달리 초과수당, 세탁서비스, 직원식당, 야근수당, 40시간 근무 등 근로기준법이 적용하여 운영하지만, 아직까지는 기업체가 아닌 개인이 운영하는 개인운영업장이나 신규오픈한 대부분의 호텔들은 그렇지 못하기 때문에 후생복리의 중요도가 낮게 나타났고, 이직율이 높은 것으로 예상된다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.79-97
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• 1991

To improve the management of dental laboratory through the research on the actual condition, this study posed questions on 36 dental laboratories. The results are as follows : 1. The establishment of dental laboratory in Chunbuk was increased between in 1980 and 1986. Especially it has been more increased since 1989. According to the proportion of population the number of the dental laboratories in Chunbuk was much more than that of other provinces and took the first place in september 1990. 2. The ratio between the unlicensed dental technician and the licensed was 24.83% and 67.11% each . The former must be replaced by the licensed. And the latter ought to try to improve their culture and technique. 3. Overtime payment must be paid for those who work above eight hours. 4. It takes 5 days at a minimum for the production of dental prosthesis with both stability and esthetics. 5. Every Saturday afternoon, Sunday and national holiday must be free. 6. Bonus must be paid 600% a year at a minimum. The system of retirement allowance should be active. All dental technicians ought to be affliated with their labor union and medica insurance. 7. Such dental restoration as porcelain and crown and bridge prosthesis must by increased to a degree between 30% and 50% at a minimum and the reduction system of charge for a dental technique has to be abolished. 8. The general working conditions of dental laboratory, especially pay and working hour must be improved. 9. To advance the service improvement of dental treatment and the banishment of illegal one, the medical insurance of crown and bridge prosthesis must be generally practised. 10. Ill case of the staff cull:lloyulent of dental laboratory, minimem wage system must be observed. 11. Directing dentist system on the ertablisment of dental laboratory must be abelished or wholly improved.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2007

Recently, concerns regarding indoor air quality in offices have continued to increase. Thirty offices in five metropolitan commercial buildings were surveyed from February to April 2004. Sampling was performed during normal business hours. Thermal comfort factors such as temperature and relative humidity, carbon dioxide ($CO_2$), carbon monoxide (CO), formaldehyde (HCHO), respirable dust, $PM_{10}$ were sampled and analyzed to determine the mean, standard deviation, range, and correlation for each of those parameters. The data was then compared to office as standard of Ministry of Labor, and guideline applicable to the indoor environment. The results represented that the temperature was slightly higher than the standard of American Society of Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), the relative humidity was lower that the standard of ASHRAE. The range of the 8-TWA concentration of $CO_2$ was 639 ~ 786 ppm, but 33.3% of the total thirty offices exceeded the 1000 ppm as ceiling concentration. The concentration of CO was less than 3 ppm, which was similar to that of offices in Japanese. The mean concentration of formaldehyde was 0.032 ppm, and only 2 % of total samples (193) exceeded the 0.1 ppm, standard of formaldehyde in office air. The concentration of respirable dust and $PM_{10}$ was not exceeded the standard of those parameters, $150{\mu}g/m^3$. The concentration of those parameters in the office air was statistically correlated.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2011

In order to develop the methods for exposure assessment and find susceptibility markers for the workers who are exposed to low doses of toluene, xylene and other chemical in petroleum industries, we investigated the application of P-450 expression in human lymphocytes utilizing mouse monoclonal anti-rat CYP2B1/2, the levels of toluene and xylene in air and their metabolite levels in urine with the levels of expressed CYP2B1/2 proteins. The general characteristics such as age, smoking and drinking habit were no significant difference between the control and exposed workers, but the working durations and working hours were significantly different. Workers in exposed group were exposed to the mean of 2.1 ppm (range, 0.00-4.54) of toluene and 0.3 ppm (rang, 0.00-1.23) of xylene. The mean concentration of urinary hippuric acid was low and less than 1/5 of the biological exposure index recommended by the Ministry of Employment and Labor Korea. Methyl hippuric acid in urine was not detected in control and exposed workers. Also, there were no significant differences in the levels of the urinary metabolites between the control and exposed group. When chemiluminescence dot blottings were carried out utilizing mouse monoclonal antibody against CYP2B1/2, the strong density dots corresponding to a mouse monoclonal antibody was observed in the human lymphocytes from the exposed workers. These results suggested that the chemiluminescence dot blot assay for CYP of lymphocytes should be valuable for identifying CYP expression as biomarkers in the workers exposed to toluene and xylene.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2009

본 연구는 시간일지 방식의 생활시간조사와 서베이문항 방식의 노동패널 자료를 대상으로 하여 탐색적 수준에서 측정방식의 차이가 성별 가사노동시간 추정에서 어떤 차이를 낳는지를 비교하였다. 연구결과 우리나라의 경우 서베이문항 방식에서 남성은 자신의 가사노동시간을 과다보고하고 여성은 과소보고하는 경향을 나타냈다. 보고차이에 관한 기존연구에 비추어 볼 때 남성의 과다보고는 일치하지만 여성의 과소보고는 매우 독특하다. 하위집단별 가사노동시간 분포를 살펴보면, 남성의 경우 사별/이혼자 집단에서 과다보고의 경향이 뚜렷이 나타난 반면 여성의 경우 유급노동, 돌봄 및 가사노동 부담이 큰 집단에서 과소보고의 경향이 나타났다. 이러한 보고차이는 가사노동과 관련된 젠더화된 사회규범과 시간부족 인식에 비추어 설명될 수 있었다. 기존연구에서는 과소보고에 대한 이론이 제대로 발달되지 않았는데, 본 연구는 시간부족 인식이 여성의 과소보고를 설명하는 중요한 이론적 가설이 될 수 있음을 제언하였다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.183-194
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• 2006

It is expected that the typical lifestyle of the future will be transformed into an opulent and comfortable existence as the quality of life improves due to the increase in household income and reduction in working hours. In the meantime, as the standard of living becomes increasingly more comfortable and plentiful, the toll on physical health becomes magnified as a result of obesity and insufficient exercise caused by super nutrition and change in labor conditions. This has instigated a deep awareness in fitness on the part of many people, forcing them to recognize the significance of daily exercise and physical activity. The Elliptical Cross Trainer(ECT), which has drawn wide attention recently, is a non-impact athletic apparatus that not only promotes exercise of the upper body parts in such sports as skiing but also the exercise of lower parts of the body on a treadmill. It is a type of cross training athletic gear that has been developed for aerobic exercise throughout the entire body. It has already formed a market as big as that of the treadmill in Europe, America, etc. Recently, its demand is growing sharply in the Korean markets as well as those in Northeast Asian countries. Despite such demand increase and expansion, since most of the expensive ECTs are exclusively supplied by suppliers in only a few advanced countries, localization of the ECT is urgently required in order to enhance competitiveness of Korean manufacturers and to expand the market. The ECT development project has been in full swing for approximately two year since 2004 in order to secure independent design, as well as engineering and manufacturing processes in efforts to develop a commercially viable ECT.