• 대한수학회보
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.269-279
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• 2003

We prove an empirical LIL for the Kaplan-Meier integral process constructed from the random censorship model under bracketing entropy and mild assumptions due to censoring effects. The main method in deriving the empirical LIL is to use a weak convergence result of the sequential Kaplan-Meier integral process whose proofs appear in Bae and Kim [2]. Using the result of weak convergence, we translate the problem of the Kaplan Meier integral process into that of a Gaussian process. Finally we derive the result using an empirical LIL for the Gaussian process of Pisier [6] via a method adapted from Ossiander [5]. The result of this paper extends the empirical LIL for IID random variables to that of a random censorship model.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.39-53
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• 2022

Purpose: This study evaluated the systemic and local effects of doxycycline (DOX) and low-intensity laser (LIL) treatment as adjuvants to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of experimental periodontitis in rats. Methods: The sample consisted of 180 male rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar), of which 30 did not receive induction of periodontal disease (negative control [NC] group) and 150 received induction of periodontal disease in the lower first molar. After 7 days, the ligature was removed, and the animals were divided into the following groups: NT (no treatment), SRP (SRP), DOX (SRP and DOX irrigation), LIL (SRP and laser irradiation), and DOX+LIL (SRP, DOX, and LIL). The animals were euthanized at 7, 15, and 30 days; thereafter, biochemical, radiographic, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Results: In the intragroup analysis, lower concentrations of α-1-glycoprotein acid (α-1-Ga) and complement 3 (C3) were observed in the DOX+LIL group than in all other groups at all time points, as well as lower levels of complement 4 (C4) at 15 and 30 days (P<0.001). Less bone loss was observed in the DOX, LIL, and DOX+LIL groups than in the NC and SRP groups at all time points (P<0.001). There was a smaller number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells in the DOX+LIL group than in the other groups at all time points (P<0.001). Positive correlations were observed between the systemic levels of α-1-Ga, C3, and C4 and the number of TRAP-positive cells. Conclusions: The combination of DOX with LIL as SRP adjuvants was effective both systemically and locally for the treatment of experimental periodontitis in rats.

• 음성과학
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• 제6권
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• pp.55-82
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• 1999

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the acoustic characteristics of the Korean accusative marker {-lil} which functions as a discourse marker in discourse. Generally, in written texts or read speeches, it is seldom omitted and it certainly seems to serve a grammatical function. But in ordinary discourse, speakers do not use it in many cases. That is, the environments speakers use {-lil} differ from those they do not. According to the semantic interpretations, {-lil} functions as a pragmatic factor and adds to the meaning of the object in an utterance. In this paper, by comparing the acoustic characteristics of the utterances that contain the marker {-lil} with those of utterances that do not, especially based on Korean Intonational Phonology, we will demonstrate that the Korean accusative marker {-lil} shows clearly the acoustic characteristics related to the pragmatic factors which reflect speakers' special intention.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.206-211
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• 1993

$LilO_3$ 결정에서 최대 출력 30mW의 저출력 CW 반도체레이저에 대한 제2조화파 발생 실험을 실시하였다. 두개의 오목 거울과 두개의 평면 거울로 이루어진 고리형 enhancement 공진기를 이용하여 제2조화파 변환 효율을 증가시켰다. 사용된 오목 거울의 곡률 반경은 50mm 이었고, $LilO_3$ 결정은 길이 5mm와 10mm의 두 개를 사용하였다. 펌핑 출력에 따른 제2조화파의 출력을 측정하고 이론값과 비교 하였다. 794nm의 펌프출력이 28mW 일 때 10mm의 $LilO_3$ 결정에서 $6.6{\mu}W$의 397 nm 출력을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.341-348
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• 1994

Some extensions of the law of the iterated logarithm via self-normalization are obtained for seuences of sign-invariant random variables.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.909-928
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• 1996

In this paper, an empirical law of the iterated logarithm is investigated in the context of a stationary and ergodic martingale differences whose values taking in a measurable space.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.859-869
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• 2006

Let {$X,\;X_n;n\;{\geq}\;1$} be a sequence of ${\imath}.{\imath}.d.$ random variables which belong to the attraction of the normal law, and $X^{(1)}_n,...,X^{(n)}_n$ be an arrangement of $X_1,...,X_n$ in decreasing order of magnitude, i.e., $\|X^{(1)}_n\|{\geq}{\cdots}{\geq}\|X^{(n)}_n\|$. Suppose that {${\gamma}_n$} is a sequence of constants satisfying some mild conditions and d'($t_{nk}$) is an appropriate truncation level, where $n_k=[{\beta}^k]\;and\;{\beta}$ is any constant larger than one. Then we show that the conditionally trimmed sums obeys the self-normalized law of the iterated logarithm (LIL). Moreover, the self-normalized LIL for conditionally censored sums is also discussed.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.959-973
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• 2005

In this paper, based on large deviation probabilities on Gaussian random vectors, we obtain Strassen's functional LIL for d-dimensional self-similar Gaussian process in Holder norm via estimating large deviation probabilities for d-dimensional self-similar Gaussian process in Holder norm.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.31-50
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• 2014

In this paper we establish limsup results and a generalized uniform law of the iterated logarithm (LIL) for the increments of partial sums of strictly stationary and linearly positive quadrant dependent (LPQD) or linearly negative quadrant dependent (LNQD) random sequences.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.223-233
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• 2012

In this paper we establish some limsup results and a generalized uniform law of the iterated logarithm (LIL) for the increments of partial sums of a strictly stationary and linearly positive quadrant dependent (LPQD) sequence of random variables.