• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.150-155
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• 1997

The twenty strains of Lactobacillus genus were tested for the optimal sponge fermentation of soda cracker. The six strains such as L. brevis, L. delbrueckii, L. fermentum, L. leichmanii, L. plantarum and L. sanfrancisco were selected because these strains did not smell off-flavor and showed the high value of TTA (total titrable acidity) after the fermentation. The selected strains consisted of the five strains of L. brevis, L. delbrueckii, L. fermentum, L. leichmanii and L. plantarum that mainly inhabited soda clacker and L. sanfrancisco that existed in San Francisco bread. The lactic acid bacteria were inoculated to the medium containing 10% wheat flour and then pH, TTA, acetic acid and lactic acid were measured during the sponge fermentation. The four strains of L. brevis, L. delbrueckii, L. fermentum and L. plantarum were used for the mixed lactic acid bacteria of sponge fermentation because the TTAs of L. brevis, L. fermentum and L. plantarum were higher than those of other lactic acid bacteria and L. delbrueckii rapidly produced organic acids and a large amount of acetic acid. Among the combination of L. brevis, L. fermentum, L. delbrueckii and L. plantarum, the mixed lactic acid bacteria of L. brevis, L. fermentum and L. plantarum showed the highest TTA, the lowest pH and the largest amount of acetic acid. Therefore, the mixed lactic acid bacteria of L. brevis, L. fermentum and L. plantarum were used for optimal sponge fermentation of soda cracker.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1517-1526
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• 2016

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from fermented foods have potential as a treatment for immune-related disorders and the use of LAB has been increasing worldwide. In this study, the differential cytokine regulatory effect was examined with three isolates of lactobacilli strains; namely, Lactobacillus plantarum K55-5 isolated from dairy product, and L. sakei K101 and L. plantarum K8 previously isolated from kimchi (a Korean traditional fermented vegetable). Production of cytokines such as IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α was significantly increased in L. sakei K101- and L. plantarum K55-5-treated splenocytes as compared with controls. The oral administration of L. sakei K101 and L. plantarum K55-5 increased cytokine production in the immunosuppressed mouse splenocytes and blood. NK cell cytotoxic activity was also increased in L. sakei K101- and L. plantarum K55-5-fed mice. On the other hand, L. plantarum K8 did not affect cytokine induction in all the experiments performed in this study. The cytokine-inducing effect of L. plantarum K55-5 was significantly increased by lysates of heat-killed bacteria as compared with live, heat-killed, or supernatant of cell lysates. TNF-α production by lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) isolated from the three isolates of lactobacilli was compared, and it was found that K55-5 LTA had a highest cytokine-inducing ability, which was mediated by TLR2-mediated NF-κB and ERK activation. Taken together, our study suggests that L. plantarum K55-5 and L. sakei K101 can be used for the treatment of immunosuppressed disorders.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.273-278
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• 2009

The purpose of this work was to investigate the antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus plantarum YK-9 isolated from fermented Kimchi. Morphological and biochemical characteristics of L. plantarum YK-9 were examined. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to identify the strain, and the strain could be assigned to Lactobacillus plantarum, designated as L. plantarum YK-9. The strain was registered in GenBank as [FJ669130]. During the incubation period of L. plantarum YK-9, the changes of bacterial growth and residual organic acids were monitored. HPLC was used to confirm the organic acids produced in the cultures as metabolites. L. plantarum YK-9 produced both lactic acid and acetic acid, which were responsible for the pH decrease during growth. Initial pH 7.0 of the cultures decreased to 3.6 at the incubation after 72 hours, and concentrations of lactic acid and acetic acid increased to approximately 588.7 mM and 255.5 mM, respectively. The antibacterial activities against food-poisoning causing bacteria were examined with 20-fold concentrated culture supernatants from L. plantarum YK-9, and the antibacterial effects were clearly observed against all the bacteria tested in this work.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.633-645
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• 2015

This study investigates the genotoxicity of crude antifungal compounds produced by Lactobacillus plantarum AF1 (L.plantarum AF1) and Lactobacillus plantarum HD1 (L. plantarum HD1) isolated from kimchi. The genetic toxicity of crude antifungal compounds was evaluated in bacterial reverse mutation in Salmonella and Escherichia spp., chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster lung cells, and micronucleous formations in mice. In bacterial reversion assays with Salmonella Typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, and WP2uvrA, crude antifungal compounds did not increase the number of revertant colonies in both the absence and presence of the 59 metabolic activation system. In the chromosome aberration test with Chinese hamster lung cells, crude antifungal compounds showed no increase in the frequency of chromosome aberrations in the short-period test with/without the S9 mix or in the continuos test. In the in vivo mouse micronucleus assay, crude antifungal compounds showed no increase in the frequency of polychromatic erythrocytes with micronuclei. The results show that crude antifungal compounds produced by L. plantarum AF1 and L. plantarum HD1 did not induce any genotoxicity.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.99-109
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• 2018

In this study, we examined the inhibitory effect of L. plantarum Q180 on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 and reduction of adipocyte size in mice fed high-fat diet. L. plantarum Q180 inhibited the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells ($18.47{\pm}0.32%$) at a concentration of $400{\mu}g/mL$ ($10^8CFU/g$). As a result of western blot analysis, the expression of $C/EBP{\alpha}$ and $PPAR{\gamma}$ in 3T3-L1 adipocyte treated with $400{\mu}g/mL$ of L. plantarum Q180 decreased 35.16% and 40.07%, respectively, compared with the control. To examine the effects, mice were fed three different diets as follows: ND (n=6) was fed ND and orally administered saline solution; HFD (n=6), HFD and orally administered saline solution; and HFD+Q180 (n=6), HFD and orally administered L. plantarum Q180. After six weeks, the rate of increase of body weight was 13.7% lower in the HFD+Q180 group compared to the HFD group. In addition, the epididymal fat weights of the HFD+Q180 group were lower than that of the HFD group. The change of adipocyte size was measured in diet-induced obese mice. Consequently, the number of large-size adipose tissue was less distributed in the ND and HFD+Q180 groups than in the HFD group. L. plantarum Q180 has an effect on the inhibition of 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation, fat absorption and reduction of adipocyte size. L. plantarum Q180 could be applied to functional food products that help improve obesity.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.223-236
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• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the physiological characteristics and anti-diabetic effects of Lactobacillus plantarum KI69. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of L. plantarum KI69 was 91.17±2.23% and 98.71±4.23%, respectively. The propionic, acetic, and butyric acid contents of the MRS broth inoculated with L. plantarum KI69 were 8.78±1.12 ppm, 1.34±0.07% (w/v), and 0.876±0.003 g/kg, respectively. L. plantarum KI69 showed higher sensitivity to penicillin-G, oxacillin, and chloramphenicol among 16 different antibiotics and showed the highest resistance to ampicillin and vancomycin. The strain showed higher β-galactosidase, β-glucosidase, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase activities than other enzymes. Additionally, it did not produce carcinogenic enzymes, such as β-glucuronidase. The survival rate of L. plantarum KI69 in 0.3% bile was 96.42%. Moreover, the strain showed a 91.45% survival rate at pH 2.0. It was resistant to Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus with the rates of 15.44%, 50.79%, 58.62%, and 37.85%, respectively. L. plantarum (25.85%) showed higher adhesion ability than the positive control L. rhamnosus GG (20.87%). These results demonstrate that L. plantarum KI69 has a probiotic potential with anti-diabetic effects.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1629-1635
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• 2014

It is known that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have many beneficial health effects, including anti-oxidative activity and immune regulation. In this study, the immune regulatory effects of Lactobacillus sakei and Lactobacillus plantarum, which are found in different types of kimchi, were evaluated. L. sakei and its lipoteichoic acid (LTA) have greater immune stimulating potential in IL-12, IFN-${\gamma}$, and TNF-${\alpha}$ production as compared with L. plantarum in an in vitro condition. On the other hand, L. plantarum is assumed to repress the Th1 immune response in murine experiments. After being injected with LPS, L. plantarum-fed mice maintained a healthier state, and the level of TNF-${\alpha}$ in their blood was lower than in other bacterial strainfed mice and in the LPS-only control mice. Additionally, IL-12 production was significantly decreased and the production of IL-4 was greatly increased in the splenocytes from L. plantarum-fed mice. Further experiments revealed that the pre-injection of purified LTA from L. plantarum (pLTA), L. sakei (sLTA), and S. aureus (aLTA) decreased TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-4 production in LPS-injected mice. Mouse IL-12, however, was significantly increased by aLTA pre-injection. In conclusion, the L. sakei and L. plantarum strains have immune regulation effects, but the effects differ in cytokine production and the regulatory effects of the Th1/Th2 immune response.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2023

After random mutagenesis, the mutant Lactobacillus plantarum GNS300 showed improved exopolysaccharide production as determined by the quantification of total sugar. The mutant L. plantarum GNS300 produced 2.82 g/l of exopolysaccharide which showed 79.62% improved exopolysaccharide production compared with the parental strain. When exopolysaccharide of L. plantarum GNS300 was analyzed, the exopolysaccharide is composed of galactose (93.35%) and glucose (6.65%). Through the optimization of fermentation conditions using a bioreactor, 2.93 g/l of exopolysaccharide was produced from 20 g/l of glucose at 35℃, 500 rpm, and 0.1 vvm for 12 h. The mutant L. plantarum GNS300 exhibited 69.18% higher antioxidant activity than that from the parental strain, which might be caused by higher exopolysaccharide production. The concentrated supernatant of the mutant L. plantarum GNS300 inhibited the growth of gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Salmonella typhimurium).

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.559-565
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• 2021

This study aimed to optimize gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production by employing five strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that were capable of high cell growth and GABA production using a modified synthetic medium. GABA production in the strains was qualitatively confirmed via detection of colored spots using thin layer chromatography. Lactobacillus plantarum SGL058 and Lactococcus lactis SGL027 were selected as the suitable strains for GABA production. The conditions of the carbon and nitrogen sources were determined as 5 g/l glucose (L. plantarum SGL058), 5 g/l lactose (L. lactis SGL027), 10 g/l yeast extract (L. plantarum SGL058), and 20 g/l yeast extract (L. lactis SGL027) for GABA production. The cell growth, monitored by optical density at 600 nm, was 5.93 for L. plantarum SGL058. This value was higher than the 3.04 produced by L. lactis SGL027 at 36 h using a 5-L fermenter. The highest concentration of GABA produced was 546.7 ㎍/ml by L. plantarum SGL058 and 404.6 ㎍/ml by L. lactis SGL027, representing a GABA conversion efficiency of (%, w/w) of 4.0% and 3.4%, respectively. The fermentation profiles of L. plantarum SGL058 and L. lactis SGL027 provide a basis for the utilization of LAB in GABA production using a basal synthetic medium.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.389-395
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• 2012

T-RFLP (terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis, one of the most highly adopted culture-independent microbial community analysis methods, was applied to evaluate the colonization of probiotics in experimental animal gut. Lactic acid bacteria that exhibited cinnamoyl esterase activity were isolated from Korean fermented vegetables and identified by 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis. Lactobacillus plantarum KK3, which demonstrated high chlorogenic acid hydrolysis by cinnamoyl esterase activity, and acid/bile salt resistances, was cultured, freeze-dried, and fed to mice and the microbiota in their feces were monitored by T-RFLP analysis. The T-RF of L. plantarum was detected in the feces of mice after the start of administration and lasted at least 31 days after the initial 7 day feeding. T-RFLP analysis was considered a useful tool to evaluate the gut colonization of probiotic L. plantarum. In order to prove that L. plantarum was from viable cells, we reisolated L. plantarum in the feces using cinnamoyl esterase activity media as the screening step. The colonization of L. plantarum KK3 in the mouse gut was confirmed by this research.