• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with suspicious developmental delay in infants and early childhood. Methods: Participants were 133 infants, aged from birth to 6 years old and their mothers, who were being seen at 16 Public health centers in B city. Korean Denver II was used to test infant development. ${\chi}^2$-test, Fisher's exact test and multiple logistic regression were used with SPSS 19.0 to analyze data. Results: Of participant infants, 7.5% were below the 3rd percentile for the weight percentile, 8.4% is a weight curve that crosses more than 2 percentile lines on the growth charts after previous achievement, and 9.8% had suspicious developmental delay according to Korean Denver II. Further the predictive factors related to suspicious development delay in the children were decrease of weight percentile (Odds Ratio [OR]=6.69, Confidence Interval [CI])=1.22-36.45), low economic state (OR=6.26, CI=1.50-26.00), and development delay perceived by their mothers (OR=4.99, CI=1.24-20.06). Conclusion: It is necessary to build a government level system to follow management of development of infants and children from the time of birth. Especially, it is necessary to develop a program for children in low income families.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.485-493
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• 2017

Rearing knowledge is a significant factor of relevance for rearing practice, and assessment of rearing knowledge and practice is important for infant parents. The author adopted the Child Rearing Knowledge Scale (CRKS) and Child Rearing Practice Scale (CRPS) that were developed and validated by Saramma & Thomas. According to the international linguistic validation process, pilot testing was done based on 20 infant's mothers in one Oketani massage center and one public health center. Descriptive statistic methods and Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test were employed to evaluate the level and compare the mean score according to general characteristics of subjects of the tools. Reliability and validity were tested by Cronbach's alpha and Spearman Correlations. The mean age of the subjects was 33.94 (${\pm}2.99$) years and the mean age of babies was 3.35 (${\pm}0.58$) months. The understanding level of the Korean version of the CRKS and CRPS was 1.80 (${\pm}0.65$) and 1.33 (${\pm}0.54$), respectively. In addition, the CRKS and CRPS were relatively easy to use. The mean score of the CRKS was 22.50 (${\pm}4.89$), which was a moderate score, while the mean score of the CRPS was 30.75 (${\pm}2.04$), which was high. The Cronbach's alpha values of the CRPS were as follows: feeding, 0.71; growth and development, 0.64; cleaning and protection 0.68; infant stimulation, 0.77. There was a significant correlation between infant stimulation of the CRPS and growth and development of the CRKS (r=0.530, p=0.016). The CRKS score of medical staff was significantly higher than that of non-medical staff (p=0.04). The CRKS and CRPS are expected to be used in clinical or community care practice as easy-to-use tools that are easy to respond to.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between infants' turn-taking and vocabulary development during a one-year longitudinal study. Participants of this study included 46 infants who participated in both of the 1st and the 2nd tests. The infants' turn-taking frequencies were observed during mother-infant's free play for 10 minutes. The infants' vocabulary was investigated with MCDI-K for the 1st test and PRES for the 2nd test. The collected data were analyzed using both t-test and Pearson's correlation. The research results were as follows: First, the turn-taking frequencies and vocabulary of infants increased with age groups. Second, there was positive relationship between the turn-taking and the receptive vocabulary in group A at T1. Third, there were significant differences in receptive vocabulary at T1 and expressive vocabulary at T2 among group A according to the infants' turn-taking levels.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.68-85
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of mothers' condition including the level of knowledge and parenting stress that mothers have on infant development. The subjects of this study are 270 mothers whose infants range in age from birth to 36 months. The instruments used are: 1)KCDI(Knowledge of Child Development Inventory, Larsen & Juhasz, 1985) 2)Parenting Stress Scale(Kim & Kang, 1997), and a demographic questionnaire. The data analyses use SPSS 12.0 which employs basic statistics, reliability test, and t-test. This study is time-lag design covering five years. Therefore, the data collected originates from 2002 and 2007 to constitute input from two times. The results of this study indicate that the average pregnancy from the 2007 statistics occurred 0.46 months earlier, after marriage, as compared to pregnancies in 2002. Mothers who gave birth by natural birth increased from 59.9 % to 75.3 % over the five year period. Regarding knowledge of infant development, the level of mothers' knowledge was lower in 2007 than in 2002 according to study results. The level of parenting stress of mothers increased for the 2007 statistics as compared to the 2002 survey.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.125-146
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the state of parent education experienced by parents and the state of child education at home relation to infant/preschooler abuse prevention. The subjects in this study were 302 selected parents who resided in I city and whose children were in infancy or early childhood. A survey was conducted, and frequency analysis or chi-square test was carried out after their answer sheets were gathered. The findings of the study were as follows: As for the state of parent education, the parents who received education related to infant/ preschooler abuse prevention accounted for 12.6 percent, and the parents who were taught about all the four types of abuse outnumbered the others who weren't. The parents received that education at institutions for early childhood education by experts in child abuse and early childhood education, and they replied they were satisfied with that education. As for the state of child education, the parents who replied they provided abuse prevention education for their children at home accounted for 25.2 percent, and they answered they taught about physical abuse and how to cope with abuse. They responded they started to conduct this education in their homes when their children were in infancy, and they did it frequently in daily life mainly through conversations. They told it's difficult for them to offer this education at home due to a shortage of abuse-related materials. And whether they offered that education for their children or not at home was significantly different according to whether they received parent education or not. Given the findings of the study, the necessity of the development of manuals for abuse prevention education that can easily be used at home without any modifications was suggested, and education on neglect and the revitalization of publicity are required as well.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2012

This study examined risk and protective variables related with the continuity of developmental risks among 136 infants, aged 4-10 months. Using the Denver Developmental Screening Test, 136 infants among 2978 infants in the first wave of the Korea Child Panel were classified into the developmental risk group. Among the 136 risk group infants, 45 infants stayed in the risk group (continuing risk group) and the other 91 infants moved into the normal group (recovering risk group) after 1 year. Group differences were tested in the levels of infant, mother and father variables to examine which variables were associated with the continuity of developmental risks for a year. Variables indicating parents' marital relationships such as the mothers' marital satisfaction and conflict of the first wave and the fathers' marital satisfaction of the second wave significantly distinguished the continuing from the recovering risk group. In addition, there were significant group differences in the levels of mothers' self-efficacy in the first wave. The findings suggest that the exposure to marital conflict during infancy is associated with the continuity of developmental risks.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.89-109
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of knowledge that mothers have on child development. To do so, a Knowledge of Child Development Inventory(KCDI) developed by Larsen &Juhasz(1986) was carried on to 156 mothers with an infant range from birth to age 24 months. The findings of the study were twofold: First, 70% of the questions on average were answered correctly by the participants. In other words, mothers generally demonstrated a high level of knowledge on child development. With regard to knowledge of child development, their knowledge on physical development of children was relatively low in comparison with that of cognitive and emotional development. In addition, mothers with a girl were more aware of child development especially in relation to child's emotional development. Also, mothers who delivered a heavier baby at birth possessed a higher level of knowledge concerning child's physical development. Second, other external factors, such as the level of family income and mother's education, played a significant role in affecting the level of knowledge on child development. Unsurprisingly, mothers with a higher income and education level demonstrated a higher level of knowledge on child's cognitive development. The findings of the study implicates that mothers seldom demonstrate a proper level of knowledge on child development. Hence, this study suggests that a practical, functional training services and resources for current and future mothers must be ensued.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.1337-1341
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• 2005

Purpose : This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of Korean Infant Development Screening Test in predicting delayed development in premature infants. Methods : A total of 74 children with histories of prematurity, who visited the pediatric neurology clinic of Korean University Ansan Hospital from August, 2002 to July, 2004, were examined, using the Korean Infant Development Screening Test. They were divided into two groups; a normal group and a patient(neurologically compromised) group. Results : At 7 months of conceptional age, the normal and patient groups differed significantly in the fine motor, cognitive-adaptive sections. At 12 months of conceptional age both group, differed significantly in the gross motor, fine motor, personal-social, language and cognitive-adaptive sections. At 18-24 months, the group, differed significantly in gross motor, fine motor, personal-social, language and cognitive-adaptive sections. Conclusion : The Korean Developmental Screening Test was useful in predicting developmental delay in premature infants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.790-800
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• 1995

This study was done to provide basic data for better fittness of infants and children's clothes and to get the developmental aspect of the subjects. The subjects were total 610 infants and children, 302 boys and 308 girls between month 12 to 59. 67 dependent variables were analyzed by the method of Duncan Test as Multiple Range Test among 8 groups anti T-test between male and female of same age groups. Following results were obtained: 1. In Duncan Test of the direct measurement items, the most subjects between group 1 and 8 were significantly different in the majority of dependent varibles, especially in height and length items 2. In Duncan Test of the body indices, as the subjects 'ages are higher, their bodies were balanced with the growth of the girth of their lower body. 3. In T-test, the significant difference between male and female of same month group was appeared mainly from 4th group to 7th group.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.153-166
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• 2006

Stability of the Korean Bayley Scale of Infant Development-II was tested in 305 infants by two measurements of varying intervals over a span of 5-36 months. Stability of K-BSID-II performance was r=.62(p<.01), r=.08(p<.18), r=.69(p<.01), r=.18(p<.01) for mental scale raw scores, mental scale index scores (MDI), psycho-motor scale raw scores and psycho-motor scale index scores(PDI), respectively. Stability was higher for the shorter test-retest interval group. Correlations between raw scores among infants with retest intervals of more than 2 years were stable on both mental and psycho-motor scales. MDI showed higher stability among high-risk infants than normal infants while PDI showed higher stability among normal infants. Testers and researchers should use both raw scores and index scores for better interpretations.