• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1151-1165
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• 2008

This study examined the current status of consumer competency such as consumer knowledge, consumer role attitude, and consumer skill and the related factors among female marriage immigrants. The data were collected from 220 female marriage immigrants living in Yeungnam region. The results of this study were as follows. First, the mean for consumer knowledge was 5.555, the mean for consumer role attitude was 4.067, and the mean for consumer skill was 3.841. Second, the results of t-tests and ANOVA showed that there were differences in the category of consumer knowledge according to age, educational level, marriage duration period, and Internet contact frequency. And the differences were found in age, educational level. communication with family about consumption and TV contact frequency for consumer role attitude, whereas in age, educational level, marriage duration period, employment status, communication with family about consumption and communication with friends about consumption for consumer skill. Third, according to the regression analyses, educational level was significant for consumer knowledge. Additionally, communication with family about consumption and TV contact frequency were significant for consumer role attitude, and age, educational level, communication with family about consumption and communication with friends about consumption were significant for consumer skill.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.714-727
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• 2015

This study investigated consumers' clothing expense, consumer innovativeness and perceived risk to the channel type they frequently purchase fashion products and compared the relationship between the variables. A survey of male and female college students was conducted and 367 responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, two-way ANOVA, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and correlations. Female consumer clothing expenses were high compared to male consumers, and clothing expenses of consumers using department stores and independent banded stores were high compared to those using internet shopping malls. The sub-dimensions of consumer innovativeness were determined as adventure-oriented, unique-oriented, and change-oriented, and female consumers have characteristics more unique-oriented and change-oriented. In the case of female respondents, unique-oriented innovativeness was highest for department store customers, while the male customer of non-branded stores showed the highest unique-oriented innovativeness. Perceived risk indicated the highest score from the customers of internet shopping mall. Department stores were recognized as reliable by female department store customers. Clothing expenses and consumer innovativeness dimensions showed significantly positive correlations; in addition, the relation between clothing expense and perceived risks were significantly negative. Consumer innovativeness and perceived risks have positive relations.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.103-127
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• 1999

The effects of environmental factors on adolescent’s socialization were examined according to the gender. Data were drawn from 1,412 adolescents. A hypothesized model was tested for male and female students separately by the links among housing, family conflicts, parent-adolescent relationship, family stress, peer relations, mass media, school atmosphere, consumption, consumer socialization, and adolescent’s socialization. There was no difference between male and female students in the predictability of the effects of environmental factors on internal and external socialization. For male students, the internal socialization was directly related to mass media, consumer socialization, peer relations, family stress, mother-adolescent relations, and school atmosphere. The external socialization was directly related to mass media, school atmosphere, consumer socialization, father-adolescent relations, housing, and mother-adolescent relations. For female students, the internal socialization was directly related to mass media, peer relations, father-adolescent relations, and consumer socialization. The external socialization was directly related to mass media, followed by consumer socialization, mother-adolescent relations, school atmosphere, housing, and peer relations. The findings are consistent with a growing body of literature showing that the environmental factors are related to male & female adolescent’s socialization.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.293-302
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• 2004

This study investigated the internship experiences of female college students who have participated in consumer counseling programs. The factors that determine interns' counseling time and interns' level of satisfaction with the programs were examined. Major results of this study are summarized in the following. First, interns' time spent on counseling consumers was the longest for the program at the Korean Consumer Protection Board, followed by the programs at consumer agencies and firms. The time spent on counseling by interns was shorter when there was l) a larger number of employees; 2) a smaller proportion of female employees: 3) a larger number of counseling rooms and a higher the frequency of counseling at the agency; and 4) a lower evaluation on the work performance of the counseling agency and the employees. Second, the level of utilization of interns was the highest in consumer agencies, followed by the Korean Consumer Protection Board. When all employees were female and the evaluated level of work performance of the counseling agency and employees was high, the level of intern utilization was also high. Third, the evaluated level of work performance was the highest at the Korean Consumer Protection Board, and interns' satisfaction with the internship program was the highest with the consumer agencies and the Korean Consumer Protection Board. Fourth, interns were highly satisfied with the program when the level of intern utilization was high and the agency's operation was evaluated as good.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.64-78
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• 2007

The main findings are as follows: First, both male and female group, image display was showed higher scores than the product display in the dimensions of 'interest' and 'impression, and the product display presented higher scores than the image display in the dimensions of 'information'. Second, in the dimensions of 'interest', more interest was demonstrated in image display for both male and female consumer group irrelevant to clothing shopping values. The pleasure pursuit consumer group of male and female presented more interest toward the both types of window display. Third, in the dimensions of 'information', the product display had more effect for both sex groups and the pleasure pursuit consumer group was seeking more information than the others groups through the window display. Fourth, in the dimensions of 'impression', the image display formed stronger impression and image for both male and female consumer group and the pleasure pursuit group showed higher score of impression formation than the other two groups.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.43-61
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine the consumer competency of women in their 20-40s after consumer competency is classified into consumer knowledge, consumer attitude and consumer skill. Since these components can show differences based on the areas of consumption life, the areas of consumer competency are classified into financial management areas, trading areas and consumer citizenship areas. The differences in consumer competency based on marital status and the differences in variables affecting consumer competency by marital status are identified. The types of consumers are classified and characterized based on consumer competency and marital status. This sentence can immediately follow the previous one rather than start a new paragraph. The same goes for the other sentences below. First, the female consumer competency levels of the married group were generally higher than those of the single group. Second, consumer knowledge and consumer competency in financial management areas showed significant interaction effects between the marital status and employment status of demographic variables. Third, there were differences in factors affecting significant differences in consumer knowledge, consumer attitude, consumer skill and over all consumer competencies between the unmarried and married groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.7
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• pp.107-120
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• 2004

In this study. with the discovery of adolescents' dissatisfaction factors and preferred images of underwear, the Potentiality of adolescents' underwear market was illuminated. For the purpose of this study, focused group interviews were performed to develop a questionnaires. And data was collected from 309 adolescents female consumer in the age of 13-18 living in busan. The fellowing are the results from the study. First. the female adolescents' dissatisfaction with underwear was analyzed into seven factors. such as buying decision, deformation after laundring, feeling from putting on, price/product variety, the lack of effective design considering body shape, inconvenience for activity and aesthetics. And degree of dissatisfaction was significant different among groups classified by consumer's level of product involvement and consumer's age. Second, the female adolescents' preferred images of underwear are gorgeous/elegant, simple/plain, pure & innocent/modest. active and lovely. From these results, it can be concluded that adolescents' desires of underwear product are different from adults'. Managerial Implications are provided for adolescents' underwear market.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.42
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• pp.113-126
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify the differences n preference of advertisement and intention to buy the advertised jeans among the consumer groups which perceived eroticism and attraction of female model in advertising differently. he data were collected using questio-nnaires which contained eleven advertisements of Guess jeans selected form Vogue magazine publ-ished from 1990 to 1996. Female college students (n=270) living in Seoul Korea participated in the study. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. he results of this study were as follows:First there were significant differences in preference of advertisement and intentio to buy the advertised jeans among the consumer groups which had different perceptions of eroticism and attraction of model in the case of eleven advert-isements. Second consumer group which perceived model erotic and attractive highly had the most preference of advertisement and intention to buy the advertised jeans, However consumer group which perceived model low in two aspects had the lowest preference and intention to buy. Third consumer group which perceived model a low erotic but highly attractive women had a higher preference of advertisement and intention to buy the advertised jeans than consumer gorup which perceived model a highly erotic but low attractive women or the former group was similar in prefe-rence and intention to buy to the latter group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.167-183
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• 2019

This study examines the dimensions of brand experience and brand commitment within mass cosmetic brand stores that target female high school students and analyzes the effect of multi-dimension brand experience and brand commitment on brand loyalty. A model linking brand experience to brand commitment and loyalty was tested, using structural equation modeling analysis. A total of 175 female high school students completed the online questionnaire. The current study extended the understandings of the construct of brand commitment by adopting a broadened five-component consumer commitment. The results confirmed that developing brand experience in domestic mass cosmetics brand stores influences consumer loyalty through various types of brand commitment. This study can be beneficial for brand managers by providing guidelines on how to establish consumer loyalty affected by brand experience through brand commitment. Especially, brand managers should consider the negative impacts of forced commitment on consumer loyalty despite brand experience within the stores not influencing teenage consumers' forced commitment toward mass cosmetic brands. The importance of habitual commitment in the relationship between brand experience and loyalty was also revealed. The results can provide a realistic blueprint for consumer brand experience and commitment strategy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.8
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• pp.158-169
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to Investigate the relationships between knitwear purchase motive and female consumer satisfaction, and to reveal how knitwear purchase motives and demographic variables influence the consumer satisfaction. The subjects were 263 female college students and working women residing in metropolitan area of Seoul. The data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis, factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$-reliability coefficient, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Five dimensions of knitwear purchase motive were derived by factor analysis; expressive, others' influence/deficiency, quality/social, situation, and utility motive. Consumer satisfactions were classified into 3 dimensions; appearance, practicality, and quality satisfaction. The expressive motive had significant positive relationships with the satisfaction of appearance and quality satisfaction. The quality/social motive had positive relationships with the satisfaction of appearance, practicality, and quality. Utility motive had positive relationships with the satisfaction of appearance and practicality. Working women had higher situation motive and quality/social motive than the female college students had. The higher the age was, the higher the score on situation motive and quality/social motive were. The higher the social class was, the higher the score on expressive motive was. The higher the income was, the higher the score on appearance, practicality, and quality satisfaction were. The consumer satisfaction of knitwear was influenced most by the quality/social motive and next by the expressive motive, the income, and the utility motive in order.