• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2022

CopA3 (LLCIALRKK), an antimicrobial peptide isolated from the Korean dung beetle, has been shown to suppress apoptosis in various cell types. CopA3 inhibits not only bacterial toxin-induced colonocyte apoptosis but also 6-hydroxy dopamine-induced neural cell apoptosis. Our recent study revealed that CopA3 directly binds to caspases (key regulators of apoptosis) and inhibits the proteolytic cleavage required for their activation. But molecular mechanisms underlying CopA3-mediated inhibition of apoptosis in multiple cell types remain unknown. Here we assessed possible effects of CopA3 on expression of survivin, which is known to inhibit apoptosis. In HT29 human colonocytes, CopA3 exposure markedly upregulated survivin expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. RT-PCR revealed that CopA3-mediated upregulation of survivin was attributable to increased gene transcription, and further showed that CopA3 also increased expression of Sp1, one of many transcription factors known to be involved in transcription of the survivin gene. Notably, blocking Sp1 by treatment with the Sp1 inhibitor, tolfenamic acid, significantly reduced CopA3-mediated upregulation of survivin. These results collectively suggest that CopA3 induces Sp1 expression, which in turn is involved in upregulation of survivin in human colonocytes. These novel findings establish another pathway for explaining the anti-apoptotic effects of CopA3 against various cellular apoptosis systems.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.151-168
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• 2021

This study compared and analyzed the effect of the burden of household expenditure in the metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas on the intention to childbirth intention to married women using a panel logit model. To this end, this analysis targeted married women aged 25 to 39 who are highly likely to be fertile. The main results are as follows; First of all, it was confirmed that the economic power of spouse can be an important factor in the childbirth intention regardless of region. Second, it was found that the higher the satisfaction of marriage had a positive effect on the childbirth intention, and also higher the value that children must have, the higher the childbirth intention. Third, it was confirmed that the burden of household expenditure is the most important factor in the willingness to childbirth intention, excluding factors such as the number of existing children. In particular, the burden on education spending in both the capital region and non-capital region was found to be a key reason for the decrease in the childbirth intention. Lastly, the burden of household expenditure showed different effects on childbirth intention on depending on the region. Specifically, in the capital region, medical spending and loans had a greater impact, while, in the non-capital region, transportation and communication costs had a greater impact on childbirth intentions. Through the results, this study confirmed the implication that easing the burden on household expenditure is continuously necessary to enhance childbirth, and that discriminatory policy approaches are required depending on the area of residence.

• 지역과문화
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.27-48
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• 2021

In recent years, China's tourism performing art in a series of new completion of the project, increase the box office of tourism performing arts industry, higher economic income, at the same time led to the formation of brand of tourism performing arts and has a good reputation, with the regional culture, has a certain role in promoting economic development, including Large scenario experience drama is one of the key projects. Large scenario experience drama is a new form of drama that simulates the space design of real environment and enables the audience to have active experience in visual, auditory, smell, taste, touch and other senses with strong interactivity.Large scenario experience drama are adapted from traditional Chinese culture, regional culture and long-passed stories, and combine high technology such as lighting, sound effects, special effects and 3D effects to make the audience's experience more real.As the first Large scenario experience drama in China, 'You Jian Ping-yao' reflects the profound culture of Shanxi with new forms of expression and creative means, in the form of scene experience and make the audience more intuitive feel the 'Shanxi emotion', 'Shanxi sentiment' and 'Shanxi Morality', carry forward the traditional culture at the same time, also passed the Shanxi ancient and great values, strengthened the drama of China's movie village, impetus the development of the tourism industry in Shanxi, drive the Shanxi region of jingjing, gradually formed a complete industrial chain. However, there are also limitations such as improper plot connection and improper tourist management, which can improve the performance effect through more audience interaction and guidance. Therefore, it can be seen that large-scale situational experience dramas play a great role in promoting the dissemination of traditional culture and values, the development of tourism industry, the formation of regional brand characteristics and economic development. Through these, it can be seen that large-scale situational experience plays have enlightenments such as innovative thinking content, gradually forming an industrial chain closed-loop, and broadening publicity channels for the development of live-action performances.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.179-193
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• 2022

Amid the explosive growth of various metaverse platforms, there is no unified indicator to measure, analyze, and evaluate based on customer experience. Therefore, the usability evaluation factors in metaverse were identified through a heuristic methodology and literature review, to evaluate the metaverse, a two-to three-dimensional virtual world platform. A measurable system was established by subdividing 20 items in 5 fields, including user control, information structure, design and content, and usage environment, derived through Delphi technique. Based on this, after experiencing the actual contents of major metaverse platforms such as Roblox and Zepeto, usability was evaluated and comparative verification was conducted. As a result, it was estimated that metaverse user experience could be improved as its utility was derived relatively high in terms of user control and content. This study constitutes a theoretical contribution by extending the usability evaluation system, which has been widely used in the field of service design, to the fields of extended reality and mixed reality. At the same time, it has practical key findings of providing basic judgment standards to stakeholders in the metaverse field, as well as policy implications for digital capability enhancement and industry revitalization.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.39-46
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• 2021

Objectives : AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key metabolic regulator that reduces lipogenesis. AMPK is mainly activated via phosphorylation of liver kinase B (LKB) 1 under energy stress. Here, we highlighted the anti-obesity effect and underlying mechanism of Coix lacryma-jobi var. mayuen Stapf sprout water extract (CSW) sprout extract in connection with the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway. Methods : C57BL/6 mice (20~25 g) fed HFD to induce obesity and at the same time administered CSW 100 mg/kg (CSWL; (CSWL; CSW low concentration) or CSW 200 mg/kg (CSWH; CSW high concentration) or Garcinia extract (Garcinia) 200 mg/kg orally for 6 weeks. Body weight and food intake were measured at the same time each day. After 6 weeks of CSW administration, liver tissue and serum were obtained through an autopsy. After the end of the experiment, biochemical analysis (triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol) was performed on the serum. And then, protein levels related to TG and TC synthesis were measured through western blot analysis in liver tissue. Results : As a result, serum TG, TC, and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly increased in the control group and significantly decreased in the CSW administration group. On the other hand, the HDL-cholesterol level was increased in the CSW-administered group. And as a result of Western blot analysis, CSW significantly increased the phosphorylation of LKB1 & AMPK, and remarkably decreased the expression of factors related to TG and TC synthesis. Conclusions : Our findings suggest that CSW influences the TG and TC synthesis to positively affect HFD-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.712-720
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of rat corneal-derived epithelial cells as an in vitro model to evaluate the harmfulness of the cornea caused by particulate matter 2.5 (PM_2.5). To establish an experimental model for the effect of PM_2.5 on corneal epithelial cells, it was confirmed that primary cultured cells isolated from rat eyes were corneal epithelial cells through pan-cytokeratin staining. Our results showed that PM_2.5 treatment reduced cell viability of primary rat corneal epithelial (RCE) cells, which was associated with the induction of apoptosis. PM_2.5 treatment also increased the generation of reactive oxygen species due to mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, the production of nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines was increased in PM_2.5-treated RCE cells. Furthermore, through heatmap analysis showing various expression profiling between PM_2.5-exposed and unexposed RCE cells, we proposed five genes, including BLNK, IL-1RA, Itga2b, ABCb1a and Ptgs2, as potential targets for clinical treatment of PM-related ocular diseases. These findings indicate that the primary RCE cell line is a useful in vitro model system for the study of PM_2.5-mediated pathological mechanisms and that PM2.5-induced oxidative and inflammatory responses are key factors in PM2.5-induced ocular surface disorders.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.351-357
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• 2022

A conventional seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) and a forward osmosis (FO) and reverse osmosis (RO) hybrid process to produce 1,000 m³/d of fresh water, were designed and compared in terms of carbon emission. When FO was adapted for the osmotic dilution, the required pressure for RO decreases, and thus energy consumption decreases. The decrease in carbon emission by decreased energy consumption (up to -0.73 kgCO₂/m³ using coal as the energy source) was compared with the increase in carbon emission by the FO system (+0.16 kgCO₂/m³), which is a function of various factors such as the number of FO modules and energy consumption. The comparison revealed that the FO-RO process causes less carbon emission compared with the SWRO process when the energy sources are coal and oil. However, if energy sources with low carbon emission such as solar, wind, and nuclear energy are selected, the carbon emission of the FO-RO process becomes higher than that of the SWRO process. This implies that the type of energy source is a key factor to determine the necessity of the FO-RO process from the aspect of carbon emission.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.95-117
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• 2022

This study was conducted as basic research for establishing a mid to long term development plan for libraries in Uiseong-gun, designated as a depopulated area. First, the social, cultural, and environmental characteristics of Uiseong-gun were analyzed and compared with the library infrastructure of depopulation areas similar in size with Uiseong-gun. In addition, a survey was conducted on the perception of users to understand the usage status of libraries, satisfaction with services and improvement plans, non-use factors, and demands for new libraries. Based on this process, the direction of Uiseong-gun library policy was presented. Specifically, four strategic directions for the development of libraries (future orientation, community revitalization, service specialization of the information poor, enhancement of local humanities and spiritual culture) and five key service tasks (building library brand, implementing innovative spaces and services, expanding library functions for improvement of settlement conditions of residents, developing and providing services for the elderly reflecting local characteristics, promoting reading culture) were derived. The proposed core tasks focused on future-oriented library services to overcome the limitations of a population decrease area and develop the potential of Uiseong-gun.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.185-226
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• 2022

This study examines the crisis of trust of French journalism in the context of a global decline of media credibility. First of all, in the process of a huge social movement called the 'yellow vest' movement that started in 2018, distrust of the French journalism was expressed in an extreme form. This study examines some external factors in terms of the historical development of the French journalism and the public's long-standing 'criticism of journalism'. Specifically, this study first examines the quantitative indicators of trust of French journalism which were shown in Digital News Report published by the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. Next, it examines the historical and institutional formation process of French journalism and public distrust that emerged along with it. And specifically, the structural crisis-economic crisis, digital transformation and intensification of competition, and deterioration of quality problems etc.-of the French journalism exposed in media coverage on social movement in 2018 is review in relation with the working process or 'routine' of actual news production. In conclusion, this study asserts that the various aspects of internal rifts in French journalism system, as well as external shocks (the influence of social movements), are a key factor in explaining the recent decline of trust in French journalism.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.7-18
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• 2023

Objective : This study aimed to confirm the research characteristics by analyzing the literature that applied the school readiness programs for children with disabilities. Methods : Studies were collected from the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Research Information Sharing Service databases. The key terms were "School readiness" AND ("Occupational Therapy" OR "Rehabilitation") in English and Korean. Total eight articles were selected through the selection and exclusion criteria. Results : The programs included multi-type training, motor skill training, parent training, and mobile application training. The providers were psychologists, occupational therapists, physical therapists, speech pathologists, community workers, educators, and the psychologists who conducted most of the research. The program factors can be classified into academic function, motor function, social function, parental training, and others. Academic and social functions accounted for the largest proportion of the respondents. The intervention improved multiple skills, literacy, parenting skills, and gross fine motor function. Conclusion : This study aimed to provide basic data for school-based occupational therapy by analyzing school readiness programs for children with disabilities. Recently, interest in and research on school readiness has increased. Occupational therapists should also establish their roles in the field of school-related rehabilitation and provide various school-based occupational therapies.