• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.613-619
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• 2014

The optic nerve often suffers regenerative failure after injury, leading to serious visual impairment such as glaucoma. The main inhibitory factors, including Nogo-A, oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein, and myelin-associated glycoprotein, exert their inhibitory effects on axonal growth through the same receptor, the Nogo-66 receptor (NgR). Oncomodulin (OM), a calcium-binding protein with a molecular weight of an ~12 kDa, which is secreted from activated macrophages, has been demonstrated to have high and specific affinity for retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and promote greater axonal regeneration than other known polypeptide growth factors. Protamine has been reported to effectively deliver small interference RNA (siRNA) into cells. Accordingly, a fusion protein of OM and truncated protamine (tp) may be used as a vehicle for the delivery of NgR siRNA into RGC for gene therapy. To test this hypothesis, we constructed OM and tp fusion protein (OM/tp) expression vectors. Using the indirect immunofluorescence labeling method, OM/tp fusion proteins were found to have a high affinity for RGC. The gel shift assay showed that the OM/tp fusion proteins retained the capacity to bind to DNA. Using OM/tp fusion proteins as a delivery tool, the siRNA of NgR was effectively transfected into cells and significantly down-regulated NgR expression levels. More importantly, OM/tp-NgR siRNA dramatically promoted axonal growth of RGC compared with the application of OM/tp recombinant protein or NgR siRNA alone in vitro. In addition, OM/tp-NgR siRNA highly elevated intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and inhibited activation of the Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA). Taken together, our data demonstrated that the recombinant OM/tp fusion proteins retained the functions of both OM and tp, and that OM/tp-NgR siRNA might potentially be used for the treatment of optic nerve injury.

• 감성과학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.343-354
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 두 개의 실험 연구를 통하여 통화 연결 음악(Ring-Back-Tone)의 개성이 통화 상대자의 개성을 평가하는데 영향을 미친다는 것을 밝히고자 하였다. 통화 연결 음악과 통화 상대자의 퍼스널리티를 측정하기 위해, 성격 5요인 모델에서 음악의 특성과 밀접한 관련을 가진 3가지 요인인 개방성(Openness), 외향성(Extroversion), 신경성(Neuroticism)에 대하여 각 요인에 속하는 4가지 하위 특성(trait)들을 평가 도구로 사용하였다. 실험 1(N=15)에서는, 17가지의 통화 연결 음악의 퍼스널리티를 측정하였으며 이 중 3 가지를 선정하여 실험 2에 적용하였다. 실험 2(N=60)에서는 통화 연결 음악의 변화에 따라 동일한 통화 상대자에 대한 퍼스널리티를 측정한 결과를 비교 분석하였으며, 3가지 통화 연결 음악 및 음악을 설정하지 않은 대조군에 각각 15명의 피실험자들이 참여하였다(N=60). 실험에 적용된 모든 3가지 퍼스널리티 요인에 있어 피실험자들은 통화 상대자 퍼스널리티를 측정하는데 통화 연결 음악의 개성으로부터 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.01). 또한, 개방성(r=0.722, p<0.01)과 외향성(r=0.753, p<0.01) 요인에서는 통화 상대자와 통화 연결 음악의 퍼스널리티 간에 높은 양의 상관 관계가 도출되었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.605-623
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• 2015

A formulation of the boundary element method (BEM) based on Kirchhoff's hypothesis to analyse stiffened plates composed by beams and slabs with different materials is proposed. The stiffened plate is modelled by a zoned plate, where different values of thickness, Poisson ration and Young's modulus can be defined for each sub-region. The proposed integral representations can be used to analyze the coupled stretching-bending problem, where the membrane effects are taken into account, or to analyze the bending and stretching problems separately. To solve the domain integrals of the integral representation of in-plane displacements, the beams and slabs domains are discretized into cells where the displacements have to be approximated. As the beams cells nodes are adopted coincident to the elements nodes, new independent values arise only in the slabs domain. Some numerical examples are presented and compared to a wellknown finite element code to show the accuracy of the proposed model.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

The better mean residual life at $t_0\;(BMRL-t_0)$ class of life distribution is introduced by Kulasekara and Park (1987). They proved that the $BMRL-t_0$ class contains the DMRL class, but it is a proper subclass of the NBUE class. In this paper we develop a new family of tests for testing exponentiality against the $BMRL-t_0\;(WMRL-t_0)$ alternatives based on the goodness of fit approach. It is shown that the suggested test is better than the one introduced by Kulasekara and Park (1987) in the sense of Pitman asymptotic efficiency values.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.744-754
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• 2013

Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis for recently synthesized imidazole-(benz)azole and imidazole - piperazine derivatives was studied for their anticancer activities against breast (MCF-7) cell lines. The statistically significant 2D-QSAR models ($r^2=0.8901$; $q^2=0.8130$; F test = 36.4635; $r^2$ se = 0.1696; $q^2$ se = 0.12212; pred_$r^2=0.4229$; pred_$r^2$ se = 0.4606 and $r^2=0.8763$; $q^2=0.7617$; F test = 31.8737; $r^2$ se = 0.1951; $q^2$ se = 0.2708; pred_$r^2=0.4386$; pred_$r^2$ se = 0.3950) were developed using molecular design suite (VLifeMDS 4.2). The study was performed with 18 compounds (data set) using random selection and manual selection methods used for the division of the data set into training and test set. Multiple linear regression (MLR) methodology with stepwise (SW) forward-backward variable selection method was used for building the QSAR models. The results of the 2D-QSAR models were further compared with 3D-QSAR models generated by kNN-MFA, (k-Nearest Neighbor Molecular Field Analysis) investigating the substitutional requirements for the favorable anticancer activity. The results derived may be useful in further designing novel imidazole-(benz)azole and imidazole-piperazine derivatives against breast (MCF-7) cell lines prior to synthesis.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1784-1788
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• 2011

전형적인 마이크로 RNA는 주로 해당 마이크로RNA의 호스트 유전자와 동시에 발현하는 형상을 보인다. 마이크로RNA miR-7b와 그 호스트 유전자인 FICT는 유전자 발현 조절부위인 프로모터를 함께 공유할 것으로 추정되며, 이는 이 유전자들의 뇌 특이적인 발현 양상에 기여할 것으로 추정된다. 바이오인포메틱 방법을 이용하여 사람과 마우스의 miR-7혹은 miR-7b의 프로모터 부위가 상호 유사성을 가짐을 확인하였고, 이 부위에 다양한 전자조절 부위가 있는 것을 확인 하였다. 또한 이 가설을 증명하기 위하여 형광발현 리포터 유전자 시스템을 사용하여 형광발현 벡터에 마이크로 RNA miR-7b와 그 호스트 유전자인 FICT의 5' 전부위를 클로링하여 프로모터의 활성정도를 다양한 세포주에서 확인하였다. 이 결과를 통하여 마이크로 RNA와 그 호스트 유전자인 FICT의 프로모터에는 네거티브 유전자 조절인자를 포함하는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.213-223
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the effects of a prepared childbirth education on the knowledge and delivery participation levels of the spouses of primiparas. Method: The study's subjects were a convenience sample of 126 spouses, consisting of an experimental group of 74 educated for prepared childbirth for 10 hours. This study was measured by using a 41-item measurement instrument for knowledge of childbirth that was devised from Kang's(1981) instrument and a 23-item measurement instrument for measuring delivery levels which was developed through clinical experiences. The data gathered as analyzed by using SPSS WIN10.0. Result: There were no significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in homogeneity concerning the general characteristics of the spouses of primiparas. The first hypothesis, which stated that the level of knowledge of childbirth in the experimental group who received prepared childbirth education would be higher than in control group, was statistically supported by the Compared Independent Sample t-test(t=17.92, p=.000). The second hypothesis, which stated that the level of participation of delivery in the experimental group who received prepared childbirth education would be higher than in the control group, was also statistically supported (t=28.87, p=.000). The third hypothesis, which stated that there would be a correlation between the level of knowledge and the level of participation in the experimental group who received prepared childbirth education, showed a high positive correlation(r=.810, p=.000). Conclusion: The above results indicate that the increase of knowledge through prepared childbirth education in the spouses of primiparas has a high correlation with delivery partici- pation levels which engenders physical and moral support for primiparas at delivery. Additionally, a varied prepared childbirth education acts as an effective means to increase under- standing and support for primiparas couples who experience tension, anxiety and fear due to an unprepared delivery in Korea.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.127-140
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of sexual rehabilitation education on the knowledge and adjustment of sexual of spinal cord injury clients by the method of nonequivalant control group pretest-posttest group. The data were collected from Jan. 19 though Feb. 16, 2000. The experimental group was 26 spinal cord injury client from one rehabilitation center, and the control group was 26 spinal cord injury client from two rehabilitation center. Sexual rehabilitation education was done with manuals, videotapes and chart. Education time was 120 minutes a week for 2 weeks. The study tool was about Sexual Knowledge, designed Song, Chung Sook(1990) and SIAC(Sexual, Interest, Activity, & Satisfaction) designed Kruter, Sullivan, Siosteen(1994) translated by Kang, Hyun Sook, Koh, Jung Eun, Suh, Yeon Ok, Yee, Oon Hee(1999). The collected data were analyzed SPSS program. The Data were analyzed descriptive statistics and $X^2$ test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, t-test, F-test (ANOVA), Duncan's multiple comparison test. The result were as follows. 1. The first hypothesis was accepted : The group educated about sexual rehabilitation has more sexual knowledge than those of the uneducated group(t = 7.412, p = .001). 2. The second hypothesis was accepted : The group educated about the sexual rehabilitation has more adjustment of sexual than those of the uneducated group(t = 5.524, p= .001). 3. The third hypothesis was accepted: The higher sexual knowledge state, the higher sexual adjustment(r= .449, p= .003). According to results, sexual rehabilitation education helps Spinal cord Injury Clients to gain knowledge and adjustment of sexual.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.569-575
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• 2006

The 530 stem-loop is a 46 nucleotide stem-loop structure found in all small-subunit ribosomal RNAs. Phylogenetic and mutational studies by others suggest the requirement for Watson-Crick interactions between the nucleotides 505-507 and 524-526 (530 pseudoknot), which are highly conserved. To examine the nature and functional significance of these interactions, a random mutagenesis experiment was conducted in which the nucleotides in the proposed pseudoknot were simultaneously mutated and functional mutants were selected and analyzed. Genetic analysis revealed that the particular nucleotide present at each position except 524 was not exclusively critical to the selection of functional mutants. It also indicated that basepairing interactions between the positions 505-507 and 524-526 were required for ribosomal function, and much weaker base-pairing interactions than those of the wild-type also allowed high ribosomal function. Our results support the hypothesis that the 530 pseudoknot structure may undergo a 'conformational switch' between folded and unfolded states during certain stages of the protein synthesis process by interacting with other ligands present in its environment.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.213-217
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• 2018

연구개발에 투자와 기업성과의 변화 간의 관계는 전략적 경영의 한 부분을 담당한다. 기업행동이론에 의하면 기업이 성과 피드백에 따라 R&D 지출을 조정한다고 가정한다. 성과 피드백을 통하여 기업은 연구역량을 변화시키거나 새로운 전략을 전개하는 것이 아니라 투자 수준을 조정하는 경향이 있다. 본 연구는 연구개발 비용의 증가는 기업성과의 감소와 관련되었다는 가설을 제기한다. 이 가설은 중소벤처기업부가 시행하는 월드클래스300프로젝트 지원사업에 참여한바 있는 중소 중견기업의 표본을 통해 검증하였다. 패널 데이터 모델을 사용하여 표준 편차로 측정한 R&D불안정성은 ROA, ROE 및 이익률로 측정한 기업성과 수준과 관련이 있는 것으로 분석되어 가설을 뒷받침한다. 인과관계에 대하여는 명확하게 정의할 수 없지만 기업성과가 낮은 기업이 R&D 투자 변동성이 높다는 것을 의미하며, 기업의 행동 이론에 의해 예상되는 성과 피드백 행태에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 다른 요인들보다 더 민감하게 반응 할 수 있다.