• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2009

To adequately analyze flows in pipe or duct network system, traditional node-based junction coupling methods require the junction loss which is specified by empirical or analytic correlations. In this paper, a new finite volume junction coupling method using a ghost junction cell is developed by considering the interchange of linear momentum as well as the important wall-effect at junction without requiring any correlation on the junction loss. Also, boundary treatment is modified to preserve the stagnation enthalpy across boundaries, such as pipe-end and the interface between junction and branch. Also, the computational accuracy and efficiency of the Godunov-type finite volume schemes are investigated by tracing the total mechanical energy of rapid transients due to sudden closure of valve at downstream end.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.369-373
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• 2003

Magneto-optic Kerr Effect(MOKE), AFM and magnetoresistance measurements have been carried out on as-deposited and annealed Magnetic Tunnel Junctions(MTJs) with junction sizes 180, 250, 320 and 380 $\mu\textrm{m}$ in order to investigate the correlation among interlayer exchange coupling, surface roughness and junction size. Relatively irregular variations of coercivity $H_{c}$ (∼17.5 Oe) and interlayer exchange coupling $H_{E}$ (∼17.5 Oe) are observed over the junction in as-deposited sample prepared by DC magnetron sputtering. After annealing at $200^{\circ}C$, $H_{c}$ decreases to 15 Oe, while $H_{ E}$ increases to 20 Oe with smooth local variation. $H_{E}$ shows very good correlation with surface roughness across the junction in agreement with Neel's orange peel coupling. The increasing slope per $\mu\textrm{m}$ of normalized $H_{c}$ and $H_{E}$ are same near junction edge along free-layer direction irrespective of junction size, giving relatively uniform $H_{c}$ and $H_{ E}$ for wider junction size. Thickness profiles of the junctions measured with $\alpha$-step show increasingly flat top surface for larger junctions, indicating better uniformity for large. junctions in agreement with the normalized$ H_{c}$ and H$/_{E}$ curves. TMR ratios also increase with increasing junction size, indicating improvement for larger uniform junctions.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2005

Coupling of non-linear oscillators have long been an interesting problem for physicists. The coupling phenomena have been frequently observed in Josephson junction series array, which have been used for Josephson voltage standard. Interestingly pronounced self-generation effect has been found during recent development of Josephson arrays for programmable Josephson voltage standard. But the coupling effect between the self-generations is not fully understood yet. We present harmonically approximated analytical solutions for coupled self-generations in the Josephson arrays, i.e., Superconductor-Insulator-Normal metal-Insulator-Superconductor (SINIS) array, externally shunted Superconductor-Insulator-Supercondctor (es-SIS) array, Superconductor-Normal metal-Superconductor (SNS) array. We find that the coupling between the self-generated Josephson oscillations through microwave transmission line plays critical role in microwave property of the Josephson array.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.359-364
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• 2002

Statistical energy method is widely used for the prediction of vibrational and acoustical behavior of complex structures, such as ship building and automobile in mid-, high frequency ranges. However. in order to convince this SEA result, it is important to verify estimated SEA parameters, e. g. modal density, energy in each subsystem, damping loss factor, coupling loss factor. with possible other method. For modal density parameter, the experimental estimations via Experimental Modal Analysis are checked with those from finite element method for both beam- plate and plate-plate cans. Loss factors are calculated by Lyon's simple method for the two subsystem. finally. modal experiments are carried out by varying the mass added on the junction of two subsystem for the purpose of investigating the influence on the coupling loss factor's behavior.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.03b
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• pp.626-629
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• 2008

Numerical predictions on flow phenomena in pipe network systems have been considered as playing an important role in both designing and operating various facilities of piping or duct systems, such as water supply, tunnel or mine ventilation, hydraulic systems of automobile or aircraft, and etc. Traditionally, coupling conditions between junction and connected branches are assumed to satisfy conservation law of mass and to share an equal pressure at junction node. However, the conventional methodology cannot reflect momentum interactions between pipes sufficiently. Thus, a new finite volume junction treatment is proposed both to reflect the interchanges of linear momentums between neighbor branches at junction and to include the effect of wall at junction in present work.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.143-146
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• 2000

This paper presents a study on design for the k-junction of a feeder waveguide with an inductive wall using FDTD method. The feed structure consists of a single waveguide plated on the same layer as radiating waveguide and is characterized by the unit divider, railed a $\pi$-Junction. This $\pi$-Junction with an inductive wall splits part of the power into two branch waveguide through one coupling window, and can excite densely arrayed waveguide at equal phase and amplitude. The power dividing characteristics of a $\pi$ -Junction obtained by FDTD method are compared with one of Galerkin's method of moments. The scattering matrices a $\pi$ -junction calculated by FDTD method are realized.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.231-235
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• 2015

Damage to peripheral nerves or the spinal cord is often accompanied by neuropathic pain, which is a complex, chronic pain state. Increasing evidence indicates that alterations in the expression and activity of gap junction channels in the spinal cord are involved in the development of neuropathic pain. Thus, this review briefly summarizes evidence that regulation of the expression, coupling, and activity of spinal gap junction channels modulates pain signals in neuropathic pain states induced by peripheral nerve or spinal cord injury. We particularly focus on connexin 43 and pannexin 1 because their regulation vastly attenuates symptoms of neuropathic pain. We hope that the study of gap junction channels eventually leads to the development of a suitable treatment tool for patients with neuropathic pain.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1080-1089
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• 2013

In this paper, the superposition principle of a heat sink temperature rise is verified based on the mathematical model of a plate-fin heat sink with two mounted heat sources. According to this, the distributed coupling thermal impedance matrix for a heat sink with multiple devices is present, and the equations for calculating the device transient junction temperatures are given. Then methods to extract the heat sink thermal impedance matrix and to measure the Epoxy Molding Compound (EMC) surface temperature of the power Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) instead of the junction temperature or device case temperature are proposed. The new thermal impedance model for the power converters in Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) drivers is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink. The obtained simulation results are validated with experimental results. Compared with the Finite Element Method (FEM) thermal model and the traditional thermal impedance model, the proposed thermal model can provide a high simulation speed with a high accuracy. Finally, the temperature rise distributions of a power converter with two control strategies, the maximum junction temperature rise, the transient temperature rise characteristics, and the thermal coupling effect are discussed.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.19-26
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• 2008

From numerical point of view on flow network system analyses, stagnation properties are not preserved along streamlines across geometric discontinuities. Hence, GJM and DTM using ghost cell and thermodynamic relations are developed to preserve the stagnation enthalpy for the boundaries, such as the interfaces between junction and branches and the interface between two pipes of different cross-sections in serial pipelines. Additionally, the resolving power and efficiencies of the 2nd order Godunov type FV schemes are investigated and estimated by the tracing of the total mechanical energy during calculating rapid transients. Among the approximate Riemann solvers, RoeM is more suitable with the proposed boundary treatments especially for junction than Roe's FDS because of its conservativeness of stagnation enthalpy across geometric discontinuities.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.19-26
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• 2008

From numerical point of view on flow network system analyses, stagnation properties are not preserved along streamlines across geometric discontinuities. Hence, GJM and DTM using ghost cell and thermodynamic relations are developed to preserve the stagnation enthalpy for the boundaries, such as the interfaces between junction and branches and the interface between two pipes of different cross-sections in serial pipelines. Additionally, the resolving power and efficiencies of the 2nd order Godunov type FV schemes are investigated and estimated by the tracing of the total mechanical energy during calculating rapid transients. Among the approximate Riemann solvers, RoeM is more suitable with the proposed boundary treatments especially for junction than Roe's FDS because of its conservativeness of stagnation enthalpy across geometric discontinuities.