• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2009

Farmed deer could be susceptible carrier to bovine viral infectious disease. But unfortunately, there has not been an overall study over this subject in Korea so far. Therefore, a study was conducted to see serum antibodies to bovine leukosis, food and mouth disease, bovine viral diarrhea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in deer using the sera of farmed deer. As a result, two deer in a farms showed positive in bovine leukosis antibodies, using ELISA. For wild water deer, no antibodies were found for those diseases. As a result, it can be assumed that deer were relatively low rate of exposure to highly contagious disease such as viral bovine infectious disease in Korea. As this study was conducted over limited in number of subject and regions, continued study should be carried out in order to prevent and control the interspecies transmission in the future.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2010

The market size of engineered nanoparticles is rapidly increasing due to the fast application of nanotechnologies into different industries and consumer products. The development of new technology and materials has improved human's quality of life, but it also entails the possibility of exposure to new materials. In this study, we compared the distribution in the body by the inflow of silver nanoparticles having another diameter and shape at 1 h or 24 h after injection via the tail vein. And, we compared the cell composition and cytokine concentration in BAL fluid, and histopathological changes. As results, discharge of silver nanoparticles having small diameter and sphere shape was more rapid than that of big diameter or plate shape. It is estimated that the toxicity in liver and lung was proportional to accumulation level. The persistence of inflammation was also longer in mice treated with plate shape. Consequently, we suggest that the first choice of silver nanoparticles having small diameter and sphere shape in applying is desirable.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2010

Pulmonary fibrosis is a common consequence of many lung diseases and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The molecular mechanisms underlying the development of pulmonary fibrosis remain poorly understood. One model used successfully to study pulmonary fibrosis over the past few decades is the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. We aimed to identify the genes associated with fibrogenesis using an Affymetrix GeneChip system in a bleomycin-induced rat model for pulmonary fibrosis. To confirm fibrosis development, several analyses were performed, including cellular evaluations using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, measurement of lactate dehydrogenase activity, and histopathological examinations. Common aspects of pulmonary fibrosis such as prolonged inflammation, immune cell infiltration, emergence of fibroblasts, and deposition of extracellular matrix and connective tissue elements were observed. Global gene expression analysis revealed significantly altered expression of genes ($\geq$ 1.5-fold, p < 0.05.) in a time-dependent manner during the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Our results are consistent with previous results of well-documented gene expression. Interestingly, the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2), secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Spp1), and several proteases such as Tpsab1, Mcpt1, and Cma1 was considerably induced in the lung after bleomycin treatment, despite little evidence that they are involved in pulmonary fibrogenesis. These data will aid in our understanding of fibrogenic mechanisms and contribute to the identification of candidate biomarkers of fibrotic disease development.

• Clean Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.273-279
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• 2011

The physicochemical properties of manufactured nanomaterials can vary depending upon the methods of manufacture, although the utilized raw materials are same. Hence, the toxicity can also vary based on the methods of nanomaterials manufacture. In this study, we compared the toxicity effect of two types of CNTs (MWCNT, multi-walled carbon nanotube; SWCNT, single-walled carbon nanotube) that differ in length and wall number. In case of MWCNTs, inflammatory responses were more strongly induced in longer groups, whereas body weights more clearly decreased in shorter groups. SWCNT significantly decreased the relative weights of brain and kidney, and the inflow of immune cells and the hematological changes were observed significantly on day 1 and day 7 after exposure, respectively. Our results showed that the length and wall number of CNTs can serve as critical factors in the exhibited inflammation and toxicity.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.539-550
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• 2008

In this paper, we investigate the geochemical and isotope properties of the Jeongeup foliated granite (hereafter, the JFG) in the Jeongeup area, aiming at establishing the movement age of the Honam shear zone by U-Pb sphene geochronology. In the AMF diagram, the JFG corresponds to the calc alkalic rock series, and belongs to the magnesia region in the diagram of silica versus $FeO^{total}/(FeO^{total}+MgO)$. Additionally, in the Rb-Ba-Sr diagram, it is classified as granodiorite and anomalous granite with distinctive negative Eu-anomaly in the REE patterns. According to the silica and trace element contents, the JFG falls on the type VAG+syn-COLG, which implies that this was formed under the circumstance of compressional continental margin or volcanic arc. $^{143}Nd/^{144}Nd$ isotope ratios range from 0.511495 to 0.511783 and $T_{DM}$ are calculated to be about $1.68{\sim}2.36Ga$. U-Pb sphene ages of the JFG are $172.9{\pm}1.7Ma$ and $170.7{\pm}2.8Ma$, based on $^{238}U-^{206}Pb$ and $^{235}U-^{207}Pb$ ages, respectively. Presumably, the dextral ductile shearing in the Jeongeup area has occurred after 173 Ma.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.447-454
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• 2018

Although flotation techniques are often used for the removal of algal particles, the practicality of algae-harvesting technologies is limited owing to the complex and expensive facilities and equipment required for chemical coagulation. Here, we examined the feasibility of an approach to separating algal particles from water bodies without the need for chemical coagulants, depending on the condition of the algae, and to determine the optimal conditions. Using Anabaena sp., a cyanobacterium causes algal blooms in lakes, we stimulated auto-flocculation in algal particles without coagulants and conducted solid-liquid separation experiments of algal particles under various conditions. The six cultivation columns included in our analysis comprised four factors: Water temperature, light intensity, nutrients, and carbon source; auto-flocculation was induced under all treatments, with the exception of the treatment involving no limits to all factors, and algal particles were well-settled under all conditions for which auto-flocculation occurred. Meanwhile, flotation removal of auto-flocculated algal particles was attained only when nutrients were blocked after algae were grown in an optimal medium. However, no significant differences were detected between the functional groups of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) of floated and settled algal particles in the FT-IR peak, which can cause attachment by collision with micro-bubbles.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2009

Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum is the causative agent of fowl typhoid (FT) and Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum is pullorum disease (PD), a severe systemic disease of chick and it has the same antigenic fomula, the close relation but distinct pathogen. The traditional bacteriologic and serologic methods routinely used but tedious, time consuming. some of biochemical differences are helpful in differentiating the two organisms, however variation in the characteristics of some strains can be observed. During 2006 to 2008, there was isolated 30 strains. The biochemical characteristics of S. Gallinarum was nonmotile, fermentation of dulcitol, maltose but positive arginine (6.6%), lysine (83.3%) and arabinose (20.0%). The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed 100% sensitive to amikacin, ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and florfenicol, but resistant to penicillin (100%) and erythromycin (60.0%). This PCR method can be applied in the diagnosis between S. Gallinarum and S. Pullorum.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.77-87
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• 2020

This study aims to suggest basic data for developing forest product in Jeongeup City by surveying and analyzing consumer awareness and purchasing behavior. A survey was conducted focusing on local tourist attractions in Jeongeup City, and the analysis was conducted on 234 people. Among the local specialty processed products that the survey participants had experience in purchasing, food was mainly tea, concentrate solution, liquor, snacks and fruit syrup/enzyme. The therapy was shown in order of soap, aroma oil, and lotion. It was found that the purchase cost was more than 10,000 won and less than 30,000 won. Major purchase uses were for direct use and gifts, and 56.8% of the customers were satisfied with the satisfaction of the products, which were found to be purchased because of their good quality, good gift, and good health functions. In the question of 11 kinds of forest products, the subjects were aware of bokbunja, balloon flower, wild flower, deodeok, bracken, durum, and mal, among which bokbunja and wild flower were recognized as the representative forest products of Jeongeup. A cluster of food and therapy product selection attributes was analyzed to find target consumers. As the group that is interested in forest products and values the safety and quality of products is highly recognized, the value of forest products should be increased in consideration of the quality and safety of forest products when developing products in the future.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.662-667
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• 2009

In this study, four Korean black raspberry wines were developed using raspberries from different regions in Korea; Gochang (G), Hoengseong (H), Jeongeup (J), Sunchang (S). Sample wines were monitored for titratable acidity, ethanol, pH, reducing sugar content, color intensity, hue, total phenolic content, and organic acids during alcoholic fermentation and aging. After fermentation was complete, the pH levels in the four wines were in a similar range (3.43-3.52), while total acidity levels ranged from 9.98 to 16.2 g/L, which were significantly different among the four wines. During 120 days of aging, the ethanol content ranged from 15.8 to 16.40% which corresponds to a good conversion rate of sugars. Among the four samples tested, the wine made with Jeongeup raspberries showed the highest levels of total phenolic content, and other color values such as hue and intensity. The predominant organic acids were citric acids (3.30-4.89 mg/mL) and succinic acids (1.92-3.48 mg/mL). Overall the wine made with Jeongeup raspberries showed differences in physico-chemical compositions compared to the other wines made with Gochang, Hoengseong, and Sunchang raspberries, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1808-1814
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• 2009

In our previous study, a new herbal preparation (HemoHIM) was developed as a functional food for the radioprotection and immunomodulatory agents. In order elucidate the mechanism involved, we examined the effect of HemoHIM on the compound 48/80-induced histamine release, and on the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)/calcium ionophore (A23187)-induced inflammatory cytokine secretion in HMC-1. The cell culture supernatants were harvested, and the cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-$\alpha$, GM-CSF) in the supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The total RNA of the cells was extracted, and the cytokines or c-kit/tryptase/Fc$\varepsilon$RI's messenger RNA expressions were examined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Under low concentrations, HemoHIM inhibited histamine release in HMC-1 stimulated compound 48/80. Furthermore HemoHIM inhibited PMA/A23187-induced inflammatory cytokines' secreation or mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. But IL-8 secretion was not inhibited by low concentrayion of HemoHIM, respectively. The mRNA expression of c-kit and Fc$\varepsilon$RI were also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Tryptase mRNA expression was only inhibited by low concentration of HemoHIM. These results indicated that HemoHIM might be an useful agent for protection against allergy as well as immune modulation, especially since it is a relatively nontoxic natural product.