• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.13-25
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• 2023

Due to Japanese imperialism's invasion of Korea and the policy of exterminating national culture, many independence activists from Korean medicine participated in the Manchurian Independence Army activities and the fight for freedom. Kang Woo-kyu, who threw a bomb at the governor-General of Korea on September 2, 1919, can be cited as a leader who learned East Asian medicine. Kim Kwanje, who organized a secret organization by opening an East Asian medicine clinic in Gimhae, Gyeongsangnam-do, was involved in the struggle of the medical corps while working as a medical student. He is accused of providing a shelter by treating members of the Uiryeoldan. In 1919, the Manchurian Independence Army unit, which launched the March 1st Movement armed struggle, was established, and those who served as military doctors in various organizations can be found. Park Se-jung, who participated as an independent soldier at the age of 47, treated wounded soldiers and patients as a military doctor. A branch office was also created by raising military funds and participating in the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. Jang Hyong was able to raise independent military funds, campaign for the provisional government's independence petition, and lecture across the country mostly disguised as an East Asian medicine doctor, which led to several imprisonments for "fraud charges under the guise of similar medical practices".

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.120-147
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• 2019

In this study, we divided the portraits in the reign of King Seonjo into those which were created before and after the Japanese invasion. We then examined various aspect of costumes expressed in the portraits of meritorious vassals. To analyze official uniforms (Heuk-Danryeung), we examined the Samo height; the side wings' type and pattern; the Danryeung pattern; the Mu style; the processing method of lateral lines in Danryeung the rank badge and rank belt, the color of Dabho and Cheolrik, which were undergarment of Danryeung and Heuk-wa. The meritorious vassals' portraits, prior to Imran, were analyzed with a portrait of Han Eung-in, a Gwang-kuk Pyeong-nan meritorious vassals. The Samo was the highest of the Choson dynasties, and the cloud and treasure pattern was identified on the side wings. The Heuk-Danryeung was a dark blue(acheongsaeg) Danryeung of manja-shaped cloud patterns with a large outward wrinkled Mu, and it had a wild goose badge (second rank) and a Sabgeumdae. It did not coincide with the Pumgye(Jaheondaebu) recorded in Gugjo-inmulgo. Reddish Dabho for Dangsang-kwan, green Cheolrik which was undergarment of Danryeung, and Heuk-wa. were identified. After the invasion of Japan, portraits of Hoseong, Seonmu, and Cheong-nan meritorious vassals were analyzed through eighteen portraits, including Lee Hyeon-bok. After the invasion of the Japanese, the height of the Samo's top was much lower and the width of the side wings was wider than before the invasion of Japanese. The Heuk-Danryeung was a dark blue (acheongsaeg) Danryeung of manja-shaped cloud patterns with a stretching backward Mu. Rank badge and rank belts were almost identical with the record, but there were two exceptions (Sin-jab and Kim, Sae-sin). Therefore, it was reaffirmed that the meritorious vassals' portraits were drawn by the Pumgye at the time of appointment. Among the undergarments of Heuk-Danryeung, green Dabho(11), blue Dabho(4), reddish Dabho(3), and blue Cheolrik(10), green Cheolrik(6), reddish Cheolrik(1), and yucheongsaeg Cheolrik(1) were identified, However, it is suggested that the Dabho of Hoseong, Seonmu, and Cheong-nan meritorious vassals should be the reddish Dabho of Dangsang-kwan, which is the same as the previous Imran, and a green Cheolrik.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.120-131
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• 2014

Sajikdan(a sort of national shrine in Korea) built at the time of foundation of Joseon was entrenched into Sajik Park going through Japanese colonial era and recently the efforts to restore it is in progress. The details of change in Sajikdan in terms of diachronic analysis are as follows: Firstly, the first period refers to one prior to Japanese colonial era from the first king (also named as "Taejo" in Korean) of the Joseon Dynasty, during which it secured and strengthened the presence as a place for performing important national rites in a nation. It was built on the foot of Inwangsan Mt. at the time of the first king in Joseon Dynasty at first, was destroyed fully by fire during a Japanese Invasion period to Korea(1592-98) and afterward its ancestral ritual facilities were completed under the regime of Youngjo. However, as Japanese intervention coming to the fore, its place was destroyed and then ancestral rites were also abolished in 1908. Secondly, next period falls on 1910 to 1944 when it was transformed and entrenched into a park by the Japanese Empire. While facilities related to a park and an heterogeneous building around the part of boundary were set up, the area of altar, a ritual house and d door of Sajikdan were also designated as historical remains and treasures. Thirdly, this period refers to one from Korea's liberation year from Japanese colony(1945) to the year of 1984 when it had a mixed placeness with the statues, monuments and buildings with heterogeneous nature built. Furthermore, a door of Sajikdan was removed and reconstructed over twice due to opening of Sajik Tunnel. Fourthly, a final period falls on 1985 to the present when efforts are in progress to restore the historicity and symbolism of Sajikdan. A plan for restoration is promoted but now is a difficult time suffering from troubles caused by residents' resistance. Scrutinized historical researches through excavation investigation and residents' understanding are required altogether for restoration of Sajikdan.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.310-321
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• 2008

In the era of the Korean Empire, the identity of nation is not secured, therefore police system are also changed many times which has not an consistent directions. There are efforts of the ruler to reinforce or protect the nation against the invasion of outside power in the process, of course. But these efforts which reinforce the power of despotic emperor and modernize the nation are disappointed by the exclusive control of japan after the Russo-Japanese War in 1904. Therefore, japan disseized the police power of the Korean Empire in various forms(general police and military police). And these general police and military police are faced role conflict often, finally integrate to the military police, which take root the basic model of colonial police in 1910.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.585-601
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to examine the change of Korean land transportation system and pattern during 1905-1911 concentrated on road construction so-caued ‘Sinjak-ro’. As conclusions, modem road or ‘Sinjak-ro’ started from modem port to inner hinterland where economic resource or regional center located. A trunk railroad running through Korea Peninsula from Busan to Sinuiju(border between China) is opened its complete operation in 1906 by Japanese investment, when no ‘Sinjak-ro’ road construction begun. Thus from the beginning, railroad station also became important starting point of ‘Sinjak-ro’ as seaports. Before the Japanese annexation of Korea, the ‘Sinjak-ro’ road was constructed mainly between seaport or station, where Japanese commercial settlement located, and hinterlands to help their economic invasion. This study could not deal with other modem transportation systems such as railroads and waterways. It is necessary to examine whole changes of modern transportation systems in this age so that we would comprehend modernization feature of Korea from the viewpoint of transportation history.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.431-460
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• 1998

After the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, correspondents of Chosun called on Japan twelve times, as a mission, from 1607 to 1811. The suite of Chosun Communication Facilities (correspondents) was composed of nearly 500 people including a senior envoy, a junior envoy, other envoyes, and cooks. After preparing traveling expenses, Sifts, foods, medicinal stuffs, and ginseng, they shipped people and freight in three passenger ships and three freighters. They departed from Pusan for Edo(Tokyo). There were 28 stop-overs on their way to Edo and the banquet was given for them at every stop. The arrangements of the table for each banquet were made up of 753 Seon(tables), 3Jeup(soups) and 15Che(dishes). 753Seon(tables) is Ganban(the table for decoration) and a substantial food reception was composed of 3Jeup(soups) and 15Che(dishes). 753Seon(tables) was called Dadopoong(the food of refreshment) style and this was the standard arrangement of the banquet table in Japan. It was comprised of 3Jeup(soups) and 15Che(dishes). On their way from Edo to Thusima Island, food was afforded to correspondents for later preparation and dining. The banquet that the master of Thusima Island gave was composed of the first and second style banquets. The first one was Chusun style and the second one was Japanese style.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.141-145
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• 2011

Although the biological potential of gastric epithelial dysplasia (GED) as a precursor of gastric cancer has never been in doubt, the classification of these lesions has been controversial and fraught with marked variations in approach to diagnosis across the world. The complexity of cyto-architectural features has been considered to be of paramount importance for the diagnosis of carcinoma in Japan, while breach of the basement membrane and invasion into the lamina propria has been considered the sine qua non of malignancy and hence a pre-requisite for the diagnosis of cancer in the West. In Korea, although the incidence of gastric cancer is similar to Japan, the diagnostic approach to GED or cancer seems to lie midway between Western and Japanese criteria. In this review, we will discuss the difference in the diagnosis of GED and cancer between two pathologists working in the comprehensive cancer center located in Japan and Korea, one of the most prevalent areas in the world for gastric cancer.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2014

This study investigated the various editions of Huangjenaegyeongsomun (黃帝內經素問) published in the Joseon Dynasty. Only study for on Eulhae metal type (乙亥字) Huangjenaegyeongsomun and bibliography research of some holding institutions are the existing research on this topic. The conclusion of this paper is as follows. 1. The 14 and 15-volume book are existing most common versions of Huangjenaegyeongsomun (黃帝內經素問) published in Joseon Dynasty. The two books were corrected by Naeuiwon (內醫院). According to this study, the latter is more early than the former. But in the study of the past were not made clear distinction between the two books. 2. The 15-volume book of Huangjenaegyeongsomun (黃帝內經素問) was published in the mid-18th century between the first half of the 19th century. 3. A Wooden print editions Huangjenaegyeongsomun (黃帝內經素問) about Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592 ago have been investigated holding institution. 4. The Gyeongju-published Huangjenaegyeongsomun (黃帝內經素問) is estimated that in the mid Joseon Dynasty, This edition has been estimated that the late Joseon Dynasty far.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.5-16
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• 1993

This paper tries to find out the characteristics of the vernacular dwellings in Noksan area which has been a part of Kaya cultural realm. Through the analyses of its environments and several practical unit plans. The characteristic of the vernacular dwellings in thes arer are as below. The dwellings has been transfigured form [Omaksari] hut which is generally the smallest house form in Korea. The noticeable vernacular hut in this area is smallest 4-kan double-wing plan which is irregular 전 shape, but they call it single wing and 2-kan plan. Leed which can be obtained easily in thes area is used on roof and in wall. Timbers used in constrution are very slim or rather weak, but they were treated carafully. The chimney form in this area seems the results of minimizing of their being from the invasion of Japanese pirate, but also it seems an effective method of heat control. In conclusion, we cannot deny that the house form of this area seems affected by its exclusive natural and social environments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.71-80
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• 1977

From the period of King Tae-Jong up to the third year of King In-Jo, the bestowal system for queen's court dresses from the Myeong Dynasty was one which was much lower than that of China. This system was applied to the queens' court dresses in the early Yi Dynasty. The pheasant's pattern on Jeockwan and Hapee probably indicates that Daesam was possibly regarded as Jeockyoe. In fact, according to Kaeredogam, Jeockyoe was for the first time made in the third year of King Kwanghae, which is the oldest record on Jeockyoe and Daesam. At the age of King Seon-Jo, a new type of queen's clothing was taken as an inevitable result of Japanese Invasion. Jeockyoe system was gradually made ceremonious until the period of King Yeong-Jo through Kakhonjeongye and Kukjosokoryeycobo; it became that of Queen Myeong-Jo's in the end. The traditional Jeockyoe system might have been interblended with Daesam. Yeodae was queen's usual dress and its pattern was the same as that of every women's dresses at Court.