• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2004

철골 중심가새골조의 경우 접합비용의 절감을 위해 가새가 설치된 스팬을 제외한 기둥들은 통상 중력기둥으로 설계된다. 따라서 중력기둥이 미치는 P-${\Delta}$ 효과를 내진성능 평가에 적절히 반영할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 철골 중심가새골조의 중력기둥이 유발하는 P-${\Delta}$ 효과를 가상의 의지기둥(leaning column) 개념에 의해 간편하게 모델링할 수 있는 해석기법을 예시하였다. 역V형 가새골조를 사례로 하여 FEMA 273의 비선형정적해석법에 의한 내진성능평가를 수행하고 동적 P-Δ 증폭계수 적용에 있어서의 문제점을 지적하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 의할 때 P-${\Delta}$ 효과는 중심가새골조의 내진성능평가에 무시할 수 없는 영향이 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 아울러 기존연구에서 제시된 인장보강재에 의한 역V형 가새골조의 보강법은 내진성능향상에 매우 효과적임을 확인하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1581-1598
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• 2015

A concentric braced steel frame is a very efficient structural system because it requires relatively smaller amount of materials to resist lateral forces. However, primarily developed as a structural system to resist wind loads based on an assumption that the structure behaves elastically, a concentric braced frame possibly experiences the deterioration in energy dissipation after brace buckling and the brittle failure of braces and connections when earthquake loads cause inelastic behavior. Consequently, plastic deformation is concentrated in the floor where brace buckling occurs first, which can lead to the rupture of the structure. This study suggests reinforcing H-shaped braces with non-welded cold-formed stiffeners to restrain flexure and buckling and resist tensile force and compressive force equally. Weak-axis reinforcing members (2 pieces) developed from those suggested in previous studies (4 pieces) were used to reinforce the H-shaped braces in an inverted V-type braced frame. Monotonic loading tests, finite element analysis and cyclic loading tests were carried out to evaluate the structural performance of the reinforced braces and frames. The reinforced braces satisfied the AISC requirement. The reinforcement suggested in this study is expected to prevent the rupture of beams caused by the unbalanced resistance of the braces.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제15권5호통권66호
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• pp.571-578
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 중심가새골조 가운데 가정 널리 사용되는 역V형 철골 가새골조의 내진거동을 탄소성 후좌굴해석에 의해 고찰하고, 압축가새의 좌굴이 최초로 발생한 층에 소성화가 집중되는 약층화 현상을 완화할 수 있는 효과적 내진보강 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 즉 좌굴이 발생한 층에 집중되는 비탄성변형을 건물전체로 재분재하는 기능을 갖는 인장재(tie bar)를 삽입하여 내진성능을 효과적으로 개선할 수 있음을 입증하였다. 아울러 압축가새의 좌굴발생 순서를 감안하여 보강 인장재를 경제적으로 설계할 수 있는 실용적 설계방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2022

The energy dissipation of inverted V-type eccentric steel braced frames can be achieved through the yielding of a slit link, through yielding of a number of strips between slits when the frame is subjected to inelastic cyclic deformation. On the other hand, the development of seismic resistance system without residual deformation is obtained by applying the superelasdtic shape memory alloy (SMA) material into the brace and link elements. This paper presents results from a systematic three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis on the structural behavior of the eccentric bracing systems subjected to cyclic loadings. A wide scope of structural behaviors explains the horizontal stiffness, hysteretic behaviors, and failure modes of the recentering eccentric bracing system. The accurate results presented here serve as benchmark data for comparison with results obtained using modern experimental testing and alternative theoretical approaches.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.105-123
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• 2016

In this paper, using the probabilistic methods, the seismic demand of buckling restrained braced frames subjected to earthquake was evaluated. In this regards, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14-storybuildings with different buckling restrained brace configuration (including diagonal, split X, chevron V and Inverted V bracings) were designed. Because of the inherent uncertainties in the earthquake records, incremental dynamical analysis was used to evaluate seismic performance of the structures. Using the results of incremental dynamical analysis, the "capacity of a structure in terms of first mode spectral acceleration", "fragility curve" and "mean annual frequency of exceeding a limit state" was determined. "Mean annual frequency of exceeding a limit state" has been estimated for immediate occupancy (IO) and collapse prevention (CP) limit states using both Probabilistic Seismic Demand Analysis (PSDA) and solution "based on displacement" in the Demand and Capacity Factor Design (DCFD) form. Based on analysis results, the inverted chevron (${\Lambda}$) buckling restrained braced frame has the largest capacity among the considered buckling restrained braces. Moreover, it has the best performance among the considered buckling restrained braces. Also, from fragility curves, it was observed that the fragility probability has increased with the height.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.755-763
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• 2017

In this study, the susceptibility of different symmetric steel buildings with dual frame system to Progressive Collapse (PC) was assessed. Some ten-story dual frame systems with different type of braced frames (concentrically and eccentrically braced frames) were considered. In addition, numbers and locations of braced bays were investigated (two and three braced bays in exterior frames) to quantitatively find out its effect on PC resistance. An Alternate Path Method (APM) with a linear static analysis was carried out based on General Services Administration (GSA 2003) guidelines. Maximum Demand Capacity Ratio (DCR) for the elements (beams and columns) with highest DCRs ($DCR_{moment}$ and $DCR_{shear}$) is given in tables. The results showed that the three braced bays with concentric braced frames especially X-braced and inverted V-braced frame systems had a lower susceptibility and greater resistance to PC. Also, the results represented that the beams were more critical than columns against PC after the removal of column.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2010

여러 연구자들에 의해 최적화 알고리즘을 이용한 최적내진설계에 관한 연구가 컴퓨터의 발달과 더불어 활발히 이루어져 왔다. 하지만 지금까지의 최적내진설계에 관한 연구는 대부분 모멘트저항골조를 대상구조물로 한 연구였다. 가새골조는 모멘트저항골조와 더불어 대표적인 횡력저항시스템이기 때문에 가새골조의 최적내진설계기법 개발을 통해 경제적이며 효율적인 설계가이드라인을 제시할 수 있다면 실무에 미치는 파급효과는 클 것이라 판단된다. 본 논문에서는 가새의 좌굴을 고려한 역V형 특수중심가새골조의 최적내진설계 알고리즘을 제안하고자 한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 구조물의 물량과 에너지 소산량을 목적함수로 설정하고, 강도조건 및 층간변위 조건등의 제약조건으로 설정한다. 알고리즘의 검증을 위해 2D 3층, 9층 역V형 특수중심가새골조 예제를 적용한다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.429-437
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 비선형 정적해석 및 동적해석을 이용하여 가새골조의 연쇄붕괴 저항능력을 평가하였다. 모두 아홉 개의 서로 다른 가새 형태를 고려하였으며, 모멘트골조의 해석 결과와 비교하였다 비탄성 정적해석 결과에 따르면 현행 기준에 따라 설계된 저층 가새골조는 1층 중앙에 위치한 기둥이 제거될 경우 연쇄붕괴 저항성능 기준을 만족하는 것으로 나타났으나 대부분 취성적인 파괴모드를 나타내었다. 특히 압축가새가 좌굴한 후 인장가새가 인장력을 발휘하기 전에 취약한 층의 기둥이 좌굴하는 것으로 나타냈다. Inverted-V형 가새골조의 경우가 가장 연성도 면에서 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 동적 해석 결과에 따르면 모든 가새골조는 중앙에 위치한 기둥이 제거될 경우 붕괴되지 않으며, 동일한 규모의 모멘트 저항골조에 비해 진동이나 처짐량이 작은 것으로 나타났다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.165-185
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• 2015

The suspended zipper bracing system is suggested to reduce the flaws of ordinary zipper braced and concentric inverted V braced frames. In the design procedure of suspended zipper bracing systems, columns and top story truss elements are strengthened. This bracing system show different performances and characteristics compared with inverted V braced and ordinary zipper frames. As a result, a different response modification factor for suspend zipper frames is needed. In this research paper, the response modification factor of suspended zipper frames was obtained using the incremental dynamic analysis. Suspended zipper braced frames with different stories and bay lengths were selected to be representations of the design space. To analyze the frames, a number of models were constructed and calibrated using experimental data. These archetype models were subjected to 44 earthquake records of the FEMA-P695 project data set. The incremental dynamic analysis and elastic dynamic analysis were carried out to determine the yield base shear value and elastic base shear value of archetype models using the OpenSEES software. The seismic response modification factor for each frame was calculated separately and the values of 9.5 and 13.6 were recommended for ultimate limit state and allowable stress design methods, respectively.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2008년도 정기 학술대회
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• pp.319-324
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• 2008

In this study the progressive collapse potential of special concentrically braced frames were investigated using the nonlinear static. All of seven different brace types were considered. According to the pushdown analysis results, most braced frames designed according to current design codes satisfied the design guidelines for progressive collapse initiated by loss of a first story mid-column; however most model structures showed brittle failure mode. This was caused by buckling of columns after compressive braces buckled. Among the braced frames considered, the inverted-V type braced frames showed superior ductile behavior during progressive collapse.