• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.7-23
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• 2005

Molecular phylogenetic studies were conducted to evaluate interspecific relationships in 40 populations of Viola including 35 Korean taxa, four Japanese populations and one outgroup using nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences. The phylogenetic analyses were conducted using parsimony and neighbor-joining methods. Subsection Trigonocarpae of section Nomimium appeared as the most basal clade within the Korean Viola. Section Dischidium and Chamaemelanium was monophyletidbootstrap 100%) and placed between subsect. Trigonocarpae and three other subsections of sect. Nomimium. Sect. Nomimium was paraphyletic. Although each subsectional grouping was in accordance with previous infrageneric classification based on morphological characters, yet discordance remained at the series level. Two evolutionary trends observed in the ITS tree were as follows. First, subsect. Trigonocarpae(x=10) was derived from the outgroup(x=6); Second, subsects. Bilobatae and Vaginatae(x=10 or 12), and subsect. Patellares(x=12) of sect. Nomimium were originated from sects. Dischidium and Chamaemelanium(x=6). Viola albida complex including three very closely related taxa was recognized as independent group within subsect. Patellares in parsimony tree. This result suggested that they should be treated as a taxa in series Pinnatae. Phylogenetic position of a putative hybrid species, Viola woosanensis was not supported with previous morphological hypothesis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.57-80
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• 2005

Morphological variation of Quercus L. subgen. Quercus in Korea was examined by numerical methods including principal components analysis of major morphological characters. Principal components analysis revealed the presence of five major species groups of the subgen. Quercus in Korea; these include 1) a group consisiting of Q. acutissima and Q. variabilis individuals, 2) Q. dentata, 3) Q. aliena, 4) Q. mongolica, and 5) Q. serrata. The putative interspecific hybrid individuals occupied intermediate position between the putative parent species in the PCA plot. The analysis also strongly suggested that size and shape of leaf blade and teeth or lobes, twig diameter, size and shape of nuts, and length and width of scales are very useful in distinguishing the species and the putative hybrids of the subgen. Quercus.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.170-180
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• 2009

Somatic chromosome counts and karyotype analyses were carried out for eight taxa of Korean Allium sect. Sacculiferum. The basic chromosome number of sect. Sacculiferum was x = 8, and they could be cytologically divided into two groups, that is, a diploid group (2n = 2x = 16) containing A. thunbergii var. thunbergii, A. thunbergii var. deltoides, A. thunbergii var. teretifistulosum, A. deltoidefistulosum, A. longistylum, A. linearifolium and A. taqueti, and a tetraploid group (2n = 4x = 32) with only A. sacculiferum. All observed chromosomes were classified into metacentric, submetacentric and subtelocentric. The metacentric ones appeared in all treated taxa. One or two pairs of submetacentric chromosomes were observed in most taxa except A. sacculiferum, the unique taxon with subtelocentric chromosomes. All taxa had a pair of homologous chromosomes with satellites, and the B-chromosomes found in A. thunbergii var. thunbergii, A. deltoidefistulosum, A. sacculiferum and A. longistylum, were metacentric or telocentric. The karyotypes of A. longistylum and A. linearifolium were firstly investigated in this study. In conclusion, the somatic chromosome numbers and karyotypes for members of the sect. Sacculiferum were valuable characters in identifying taxa, investigating interspecific relationships and delimiting taxa. In addition, A. thunbergii var. teretifolium, an invalid name (homonym), was renamed as A. thunbergii var. teretifistulosum H. J. Choi & B. U. Oh.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.259-262
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• 2015

We performed the following experiment to increase the development of shoots in the in vitro culture of hybrid progeny. MS medium was used as the base medium; cytokinins BA at a concentration of 2.0, 3.0, or 5.0 ㎎/L and TDZ at a concentration of 0.2, 0.3, or 0.5 ㎎/L were added to the in vitro cultures. For the FO progeny, the shoot development rate was highest of 18% with 2.0 ㎎/L BA, at 18%, and 3.0 ㎎/L and 5.0 ㎎/L BA resulted in a lower rate of 12%. TDZ addition tended to identical or similar results to that of the control media. For the FA progeny, addition of TDZ tended to lead to a higher shoot development rate and was superior with 0.3 ㎎/L treatment. However, the addition of BA to the media resulted in a shoot development rate between 14.3% and 15.7%, similar to that of the control.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.15-24
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• 2021

Objectives : The Glycyrrhiza new varieties, WONGAM and SINWONGAM, were developed through interspecific cross between Glycyrrhiza glabra and Glycyrrhiza uralensis by the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration in Korea. This in vitro study was undertaken to compare the antioxidant and cytotoxic effects between Glycyrrhiza new varieties (WONGAM and SINWONGAM) and official compendia (Glycyrrhiza glabra and Glycyrrhiza uralensis). Methods : Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhy drazyl), ABTS (2,2-azino-bis (3-rthylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) diammonium salt, Nitrite radical scavenging assay, and Reducing Power assay. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay and cell morphology was observed by an inverted microscope. Results : The DPPH, ABTS, Nitrite radical scavenging activities and reducing power of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, WONGAM, and SINWONGAM were evaluated at different concentrations (0, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000 ㎍/㎖). Glycyrrhiza glabra, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, WONGAM, and SINWONGAM showed similar dose-dependent increase in antioxidant activities. The cytotoxic effects with increasing doses of Glycyrrhiza new varieties and official compendia did not differ in HCT116, HT29, A549, MDA-MB231, PC3, ACHN, and HeLa cells. However, significant difference in cytotoxicity were observed in AGS, MCF7 and Hep3B cells by Glycyrrhiza glabra, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, WONGAM, and SINWONGAM. Conclusions : These results showed that Glycyrrhiza new varieties and official compendia acts as a potent antioxidant. Also, the finding that equivalent cytotoxic potency was observed in a cell dependent manner. Our study suggests that Glycyrrhiza new varieties may offer a wide-variety of health benefits.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2021

Two stone loaches (Nemacheilidae, Cypriniformes), Barbatula toni (Dybowski, 1869) and B. nuda (Bleeker, 1864), have been recognized in the Korean waters to date. Recently, due to indiscriminate artificial introduction as well as the change of their habitats induced by natural disasters, it seems to be concerned about the damage of species-specific geographic boundaries. We examined the genetic difference of two Korean Barbatula species by the haplotype network based on the Cytochrome b sequences of mitochondrial DNA and the phylogenetic relationships among them including Barbatula fishes occurring around the Korean peninsula. As a result, three and 29 haplotypes were obtained from B. toni and B. nuda, respectively, and totally three clades comprising "toni group", "nuda hangang group", and "nuda donghae group" were identified. The sequence variable sites among them was 10~24%, showing a difference of interspecific level. Phylogenetic relationships of the latter group, especially, forms an independent cluster discriminating with other two groups as well as the Chinese, Japanese, Russian, and European Barbatula species, suggesting the possibility of the specific level divergence.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.311-317
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• 2011

This experiment was conducted to give basic information to sprout-soybean breeding and automated sprout production by investigating the effect of seed size on the sprout growth and texture. Twenty cultivars and lines including large and medium soybean, small interspecific cultivars and extra-small wild soybean lines were used. Seeds were cultured for 4 days using small sprout-culturing kits. Hypocotyl length of large Hwanggeumkong, small Pungsannamulkong and Soyoung were longer and wild soybean lines were shorter than other cultivars. Fresh sprout weight and growth rate per unit dry seed weight of wild soybean lines ware increased dramatically and more than other cultivars between 48 to 72 hours after culture. Not only the increasing rate but sprout yield ratio to used dry seed weight showed the negative relationship pattern with seed size. The hardness of hypocotyl in Jangyeubkong, mastication in Taekwang, and cutting force in Eunhakong were the highest as 3,505 g, 1,650 g, and 133 g respectively, and texture values of these traits in wild soybean YWS516 were the lowest. Cutting force of soybean hypocotyl showed the positive relationship pattern with seed size. Breaking force of hypocotyl in large Jangyeobkong was the highest as 83.5g and wild soybean lines were the lowest showing the same pattern as other textural characters.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.100-108
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• 2010

This study was carried out to confirm the chromosome constitution and homoeologous recombination of progenies derived from various cross combination using tetraploid OA interspecific hybrid originated from mitotic chromosome doubling. Based on the chromosome analysis of progenies crossed reciprocally, there were only triploid progenies when crossed with diploid Asiatics as male or female parent. While only tetraploid progenies were produced when crossed tetraploid Asiatics or tetraploid OA hybrid with tetraploid OA hybrid, respectively. However, two types of progenies, that is, diploid and triploid plants, were produced from cross combinations between diploid Oriental hybrid and tetraploid OA hybrid. From the GISH analysis of OA hybrid, it was confirmed that diploid $F_1$ OA hybrid was consisted of 24 chromosomes (12 Oriental and 12 Asiatics) showing authentic OA hybrid. On the other hand, it was notified that triploid plants (3x=36) were consisted of 24 Asiatics lily chromosomes and 12 Oriental lily chromosomes by analysis of backcross progenies derived from either $A{\times}OA$ or $OA{\times}A$ crosses. In cross between tetraploid OA and OA, all the progenies were tetraploid with equal number of chromosomes without any homoeologous recombination, i.e. each 24 chromosomes of Oriental and Asiatics. In 2x-4x ($O{\times}OA$) cross combination, some progenies had 2x=24 chromosomes originated from only Oriental hybrid, and other progenies had 3x=36 chromosomes derived from 24 chromosomes of Oriental hybrid and 12 chromosomes of Asiatic hybrid. Only tetraploid Asiatics chromosomes without any Oriental one were produced in all the progenies from 4x-4x ($AA{\times}OA$) cross combination.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.444-450
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• 2009

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker was utilized for evaluation of genetic diversity of 60 pear germplasms. Twenty selective AFLP primer pairs generated a total of 522 polymorphic amplification products. From UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average) cluster analysis by using polymorphic bands, the pear germplasms were divided into four clusters by similarity index of 0.691. The first cluster (I) included European pears belonging to Pyrus communis and wild species such as P. nivalis and P. cordata. The second cluster (II) included Ussurian pea pears belonging to P. betulaefolia and P. fauriei. The third cluster (III) included pea pears belonging to P. calleryana and P. koehnei. Most of germplasms belonging to P. pyrifolia and P. ussuriensis, and interspecific hybrids were included in the fourth (IV) cluster. Therefore pear germplasms originated from East Asia were closely related to P. pyrifolia and P. ussuriensis. Similarity values among the tested pear germplasms ranged from 0.584 to 0.879, and the average similarity value was 0.686.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.351-359
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, blood profiles and meat quality of broilers, Korean native chickens and white semi broilers under identical feeding conditions. Sixty 1-d chicks of each type were randomly placed into 12 pens per cage (5 chicks per cage) and fed commercial diets for 28, 49, and 28 days, respectively. The broilers showed a significantly higher (p < 0.05) growth performance from 0 to 4 weeks compared with the other types. Korean native chickens had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen than that of the other species. The blood glucose was significantly higher in the Korean native chickens compared to the other species, and the blood cholesterol was significantly lower. The Lactobacillus content in Korean native chickens was significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to the other species, and the E. coli content in the broilers was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the Korean native chickens and white semi broilers. In terms of meat quality, the breast meat of the broilers had a high water content and pH level. The breast meat of the white semi broilers had a significantly lower (p < 0.05) shear force than that of the other species. In conclusion, there was an interspecific physiological difference due to the age and body weight of the chickens. The broilers had a higher growth performance and meat quality compared to the Korean native chickens and white semi broilers.