• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.284-291
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• 2000

Interlocking software used in the electronic interlocking has been implemented through the structured approach until now. But there was the demerit that interlocking software has some problem in the standardization and the maintenance because of the limit in structured approach. Object-Oriented method overcoming this demerit was specified in the design step and the analysis step. There were object model, dynamic model and functional model in the analysis step and there were also two steps which were system design and object design in the design step. In this paper, Interlocking software was designed using Object-Oriented method to improve the standardization and the maintenance of the electronic interlocking. The electronic interlocking was analyzed with object modeling, dynamic modeling and functional modeling.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.475-485
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• 2022

This paper presents a comparative experimental study on structural behavior of the interlocking masonry walls under in-plane cyclic loading. The main purpose of this study is to increase lateral load-bearing capacities of masonry walls by using interlocking units. The interlocking units were designed by considering failure modes of masonry walls and produced using lightweight foamed concrete. To this end, three masonry walls which are hollow, fully grouted, and reinforced were constructed with interlocking units. Also, a traditional masonry brick wall was built for comparison reasons. The walls were tested under in-plane cyclic loading. Then, structural parameters of the walls such as lateral load bearing and total energy dissipation capacities, ductility, stiffness degradation as well as failure modes obtained from the tests were compared with each other. The results have shown that the walls with the interlocking units have better structural performance than traditional masonry brick walls and they may be used in the construction of low-rise masonry structures in rural areas to improve in-plane structural performance.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

PURPOSES : This study aims to evaluate the performance of interlocking block pavement system for low speed highway. METHODS : Through on-site monitoring, environmental impact assessment of interlocking block pavement such as heat island reduction, traffic safety, noise pollution were evaluated as compared with asphalt pavement. Also the pavement condition and roughness were evaluated according to performance period. RESULTS : Surface temperature of interlocking block pavement was about 7 degree lower than asphalt pavement in midsummer. Compared to asphalt pavement, vehicle speed reduction effect of interlocking block pavement was about 2kph. For low speed driving, the noise pollution was measured at a similar level for both asphalt and interlocking block pavement. After 42month service period, the breakage of block was only 0.24% for the whole surveyed area. IRI of interlock block pavement was estimated within the range of 5~8m/km. CONCLUSIONS : Depending on the performance monitoring results such as heat island reduction, providing traffic safety and keeping a good pavement condition for a long service period, it assures that interlocking block pavement was applicable for low speed road.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.831-839
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• 2009

An interlocking equipment of railway signalling systems is manufactured with electrical devices and electrical interlocking equipment has been substituted for existing interlock equipment(relay sequential logic type). But interlock conditions are still generated from rail diagram and used to make Interlock Table manually. In order to make EIS(Electrical Interlock System) operate, we should write interlock data which is made from interlock table. But, as the station is larger and more complicated, handwork may becomes a very tediou work and makes more mistakes. Therefore the development of CAD system for Interlocking System is very significant, if CAD can reduce the mistakes from handwork and help the configuring the interlocking system. In this paper, we first arrange some rules which can be used to extract route information automatically from rail diagram and interlocking rules. And then we propose "Search-And-Rollback" algorithm to extract route information and individual interlocking rules. The proposed algorithm is implemented and tested through the signal design process of the Hyundai-Steel private railway to carry melted pig iron from the blast furnace to the steel-making workshop. some cases. It shows that CAD for Interlocking system is very helpful in time saving aspect and system reliability.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.271-274
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• 2001

The purpose of interlocking system was to prevent the route for a train being set up and its protecting signal cleared if there was already another, conflicting route set up and the protecting signal for that route cleared. Recently, the computer based control systems instead of conventional relays circuitry are widely used to industrial systems, therefore, interlocking system are rapidly changing from relay interlocking system to Electronic Interlocking System(EIS) that control requirements of interlocking at junctions using electronic circuits. In this paper, by examine checking technique of EIS, we will to acquire interlocking inspection algorithm and method for EIS and to develope inspection system for EIS. By using inspection system we obtain every advantage. It has the functions for test data generation and automatic test execution, and it can operate on personal computer. Time and cost for test work can be reduced to more of those now required by using this developed inspection system.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.70-76
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• 2004

The purpose of interlocking system in railway is to prevent the route for a train being set up and its protecting signal cleared if there were already another, conflicting route set up and the protecting signal for that route cleared. Recently, conventional relays circuitry in industrial field is replaced to computer-based control systems according to the advance of computer and communication technology. Therefore, interlocking systems in railway field are rapidly changing from existing relay-based interlocking system to computer-based electronic ones that executes the vital interlocking logic to assure the safety train routes at trackside signaling equipment room using electronic circuits. So it is very important to verify the performance of developed electronic interlocking system by plentiful laboratory testing before actually application in the railway system. However the laboratory testing in the present state of railway signaling is preformed individually by manual, so very much test time and cost are required. To solve these problems, we are developed the simulator for automatic interlocking inspection in this research. This simulator is able to operate on general personal computer and has following beneficial functions : automatic test sheet generation for inspection, automatic inspection execution and et al. The experiments are executed to test the feasibility of the developed simulator the experimental results have good agreements with the anticipated ones.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.865-870
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• 2001

This paper propose a new seismic detail for ductility enhancement by interlocking spiral reinforcement in the potential yield regions of a wall. Through the theoretical consideration and experiment program, confinement with interlocking spirals lead the structural walls to ductile behavior. All specimens show stable hysteretic behavior and good energy dissipation capacity. Also the increase of shear strength mainly induces a flexural failure mode. As interlocking spiral are used in lapped splice region, they increase the bond strength and prevent a early tensile failure caused by the loss of bond stresses. Consequently, the confinement with interlocking spirals may result in a lower value of force reductions factor, newly proposed detail will be provide more economical design.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2017

Railway interlocking systems which are safety-critical systems are rapidly changed from relay-based systems to computer-based systems which have high flexible. Computer-based interlocking systems (CBI) are consisted of hardware and software in which system safeties arise one of important problems. The interlocking software of the CBI influences directly to the system safeties. "z" notation is one of formal methods have been used for system software specification to secure system safety. In this paper, the specification of interlocking logics for CBI systems is realized using "z" notation and verifies it with Z/EVES.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.99-106
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• 2009

Checks and tests before putting safety facilities into service as well as the results of these tests are essential, time consuming and may show great variations between each other. Economic constraints and the increasing complexity associated with the development of computerized tools tend to limit the capacity of the classic approval process (manual or automatic). A reduction of the validation cover rate could result in practice. This is not compatible with the French national plan to renew the interlocking systems of the national network. The method and the tool presented in this paper makes it possible to formally validate new computerized systems or evolutions of existing French interlocking systems with real-time functional interpreted Petri nets. The aim of our project is to provide SNCF with a method for the formal validation of French interlocking systems. A formal proof method by assertion, which is applicable to industrial automation equipment such as interlocking systems, and which covers equally the specification and its real software implementation, is presented in this paper. With the proposed method we completely verify that the system follows all safety properties at all times and does not show superfluous conditions: it replaces all the indoor checks (not the outdoor checks). The advantages expected are a significant reduction of testing time and of the related costs, an increase of the test coverage rate, an answer to the new demand of railway infrastructure maintenance engineering to modify and validate computerized interlocking systems. Formal methods mastery by infrastructure engineers are surely a key to prove that more safety is not necessarily more expensive.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.25-26
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• 2020

During the molding process of the existing interlocking block, the pigment is firstly laid, and cement is poured on the pigment secondly to give vibration. Interlocking blocks made of conventional cement are entirely dark where the pigment area is removed. On the other hand, when looking at the mortar with oyster shells added, the color is closer to that of the existing cement mortar. Therefore, if an interlocking block is produced by adding a pigment to a mortar with an oyster shell added, it is considered that the amount of pigment is less than that of the existing interlocking block. This study is a basic study of interlocking blocks. To investigate the strength characteristics of mortar using oyster shell powder as aggregate, W/C is 25%, 50%, oyster shell replacement rate is 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% was substituted to make a mortar and its strength change was studied.