• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.27-40
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine the motive of participating in the care work, the overall cognition survey for the care work and the infant care practice areas required in the care work for the child care helpers who activate in the care work, and search for methods of specializing infant care and care experiences on the results. Results of study showed that firstly, middle- or the late middle-age women participated in the care worker recognized care work as productive labor to create economic value and that secondly, the child care helpers' recognition degree of self-development and job satisfaction through performance of care work was wholly high level and that there was will of participation in training for self-development but actual participation rate was low due to restrictions by general conditions. Thirdly, the infant care practice areas and their particular contents that the child care helpers recognized in the care work necessary were highly shown in the whole. The requested level of education for safety management, play guidance, humanity guidance for infant and child was high. Point to discuss is that occupation stability and occupation image must be raised through the public job-hunting system for the child care helpers. In addition, a tailor-made education support suitable for the child care helpers' career stage is needed. Education support by the performance of infant care practice area and the educational requirements must be provided to major rearers to ensure that they can function as behavioral and emotional supporters. Finally, a support system for continuous self-management.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.469-476
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• 2006

Objectives : To investigate the effect of parents' social class on infant and child mortality rates among the birth cohort, for the period of transition to and from the Koran economic crisis 1995-2004. Methods : All births reported to between 1995 and 2004 (n=5,711,337) were analyzed using a Cox regression model, to study the role of the social determinants of parents in infant and child mortality. The results were adjusted for the parents' age, education and occupation, together with mother's obstetrical history. Results. The crude death rate among those under 10 was 3.71 per 1000 births (21,217 deaths among 5,711,337 births) between 1995 and 2004. The birth cohorts from lower educated parents less than elementary school showed higher mortality rates compared with those from higher educated parents over university level (HR:3.0 (95%CI:2.8-3.7) for father and HR:3.4 (95%CI:3.3-4.5) for mother). The mother's education level showed a stronger relationship with mortality among the birth cohort than that of the fathers. The gaps in infant mortality rates by parents' social class, and educational level became wider from 1995 to 2004. In particular, the breadth of the existing gap between higher and lower parents' social class groups has dramatically widened since the economic crisis of 1998. Discussions : This study shows that social differences exist in infant and child mortality rates. Also, the gap for the infant mortality due to social class has become wider since the economic crisis of 1998.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.316-324
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• 2021

Purpose: The use of soy-based infant formula has increased widely in infants with cow's milk allergy (CMA). This study aimed to provide evidence on the growth pattern of CMA infants fed with soy-based infant formula in an Indonesian setting. Methods: A multi-site, intervention study was conducted among full-term and normal birth weight CMA infants. Within six months, the subjects were provided with a soy-based infant formula. Weight, height, and head circumference were measured at baseline, weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24. Adverse events were recorded by scoring atopic dermatitis and symptom-based clinical scores. Results: Based on the World Health Organization growth chart, we found that most of subjects had normal nutritional status for weight-for-age, length-for-age, weight-for-length, and head-circumference-for-age. There were statistically significant differences between baseline and end-line for weight-for-age, length-for-age, weight-for-length, and head circumference-for-age nutritional status. No allergic symptoms or intolerance toward soy formula were observed at the end of the intervention period. Conclusion: These results show that infants fed with soy-based infant formula have a normal pattern of growth.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.340-347
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was done to develop a new nursing intervention, Meridian Massage, and to investigate its effect on weight in infants and mother-infant interaction. Method: This study was conducted using a quasi experimental non equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Thirty-one newborn infants from a postpartum Management Center were selected and assigned to two groups, experimental and control. Data were collected from February 1 to September 30, 2004. Infants in the experimental group (16) were given Meridian massage for 15 minutes daily for 6 days and weighed every day at 10 am. Using the Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale(1978), mother-infant interaction was determined before the treatment, after 1 week and 1 month after the massage. Results: Infants in the experimental group had a higher average weight than those in the control group and the difference was significant (Z=-2.29, p=.022). For mother-infant interaction, the experimental group had higher scores tHan the control group, and the difference was significant between both the two groups, and the 3 measurement times. Conclusion: The Meridian Massage in this study showed positive weight gain and positive mother-infant interaction. This study shows that meridian massage is an effective nursing intervention in improving infant development.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.121-140
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• 2000

This study investigated the quality of infant/toddler programs in 200 day care centers in Korea. The quality of infant/toddler programs was evaluated by observation and interview, using the questionnaire method. Results showed that the quality of the programs was moderate. There were significant differences in the quality of programs by type of day care center, i. e. the quality of infant/toddler programs in national and private day care centers was higher than in family day care. Future suggestions were presented for quality day care.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.129-144
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• 2002

This longitudinal quasi-experimental research was conducted to develop parent role education program and to evaluate the effect of this program for mother-infant interaction, childrearing environment and infant development. The subjects were the healthy infants weighing over 2,500gm at birth, whose gestational age was more than 37weeks, and their healthy mothers. The sample consisted of eighteen mother-infant dyads for intervention group and sixteen dyads for control group. Data were collected from March 15th in 1999 to Jun 20th in 2000. The intervention group received programmed education consisted of discharge education, telephone counselling, and home visiting care. But control group were collected data without programmed education. In this study, the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale(NCATS) devised by Barnard was used to determine the mother-infant interaction, HOME was used to determine the childrearing environment, and Griffiths mental development scale was used to determine the infant development. The data were analyzed using SPSS Win using chi-square test, t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA. This study was focused on the results of twelve months time point. Summaries of the results were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference in mother-infant interaction(NCATS) between intervention group and control group. But both of two groups showed significantly higher in interaction score at twelve months than at six months in the subscales of social-emotional growth fostering, and responsiveness to caregiver. 2. There was no significant difference in childrearing environment(HOME) between two groups at twelve months. But when each subscale of HOME was examined, intervention group showed higher scores in the dimensions of maternal involvement with child(p=.001), and maternal emotional-verbal responsivity(p=.048). 3. There was no significant difference in GQ of the Griffiths mental development scale between two groups, although significant difference was found in performance subscale. 4. Infant development at twelve months showed significant correlation with mother-infant interaction and childrearing environment at six months, although mother-infant interaction and childrearing environment at twelve months did not show significant correlations with infant development at twelve months. 5. Developmental scores at six months showed significant correlations with variety in daily stimulation, and mother's emotional, verbal responsivity, whereas developmental scores at twelve months showed significant correlations with acceptance of child behavior at six months, and appropriate play material at twelve months. In conclusion, the maternal education program for primipara showed long term effect in some categories in organizing the childrearing environment, and fostering the infant development. We suggest further study and implications of parent role education program for high risk parents such as parents in low economic status or with premature babies.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.167-183
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable infant observation scale based on the national curriculum for childcare centers. The study was carried out using the final draft of the Infant Observation Scale for 1 year old infants. The scale consists of 42 items in 6 areas. Whereas the final draft of the Infant Observation Scale for 2 year old infants consists of 52 items in 6 areas. The subjects of this observation scale were 120 infants from the city of Busan. The results of the Infant Observation Scale for the 1 year old infant analysis for the purpose of test adequacy indecates that the internal consistency reliability is from .88 to .97. The results of the Infant Observation Scale for 2 year old infant analysis for test adequacy shows that the internal consistency reliability is from .76 to .97.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.129-145
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• 2004

This research aimed to analyze the quality of center-based infant/toddler programs in Korea. Scale for infant and toddler programs divide accreditation standards into 4 areas(physical environment, curriculum, health care, management system) with 60 standards. Standards can be divided into basic criteria and general criteria. The subjects are 149 day care centers(44 infant day care centers and 105 day care centers), and raters(teachers or principal) assessed the quality of each item on a 5-point Likert scale. The results of this study are as follows: 1) Self-evaluation result have marked 3.67 as average(range : 2.32~4.90), which barely meets basic criteria level. 2) Physical environment area has received worst score(3.41) and Health care area has received best score(3.92). 3) Each standard's score indicate the quality of infant/toddler care program: Feed care(4.29), Affectionate teacher-infant interaction(4.14) were highly rated while Nature environment/anmal/plant(2.75) and Teacher's facilities(2.74) were rated low. 4) Some variation factors showed differences in the qualitative level; number of child, education level of principal.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 2020

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in Korea remains a poorly-understood subject for both professionals and the public. Recent reports have emphasized ethnic differences in SIDS rates, suggesting that making adjustments in child-rearing practices may contribute substantially to SIDS reduction. Two of the three major risk factors for SIDS-vulnerability of the infant and exogenous factors-need to be understood in particular depth due to their broad scope and sociocultural grounding. This paper presents substantial issues regarding preterm birth and male gender on infants' vulnerability to SIDS in Korea. Practices of caring for healthy infants are addressed in the context of sleeping practices, including sleeping position, bedding arrangements, sleeping on the floor, the back-to-sleep position, high indoor temperatures and ondol floor heating, and swaddling. Professional and social awareness about how to reduce SIDS should be raised by promoting a better understanding of risk factors in the context of ethnic and cultural variations in child-rearing practices.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.15-27
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• 2010

This study was conducted in order to identify the relationship between home literacy environment and mother's interactive teaching behaviors, and infant's vocabulary ability. The subjects of this study were 53 infants between the ages of 18 to 24 months and their mothers. In order to measure the home literacy environment, the questionnaire used by Han Chan-Hee (2006), which was partly modified from Shapiro (1979), was selected, and to analyze mothers' teaching behaviors, Barnard's NCAST Teaching Scale(1978) was used. The infant's vocabulary ability was measured by the questionnaire first used by Lim Yong-Soon(2002), which was partly modified from the MCDI used by Fenson et al(1991). In conclusion, this study, most importantly, suggests that the teaching behaviors of the mothers themselves as well as the home literacy environment can both be very important factors affecting infant vocabulary development.