• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 2014

This study has analyzed whether the virtuous cycle of value-added between the processes within the company has formed and whether the virtuous ecosystem between the processes within the industry has been built through the analysis of value chain(VC) and value system(VS) targeting the Korean photovoltaic companies. For a study method, after conducting a survey on the companies, a regression analysis was performed on the causal relationship between the process within the VC and VS. Based on the results of the analysis, for the VC of the Korean photovoltaic industry, an increase in the R&D support from the government has led to the increase in the investment of R&D for the related industry, and the increase in the investment of R&D has contributed to the increase in the growth of its productivity, and the growth in the productivity of R&D has influenced the increase in the production of solar products. In addition, the reduction of photovoltaic production cost for the company has influenced the increase of recurring profit margin compared to the sales. However it was shown that the increase in the company's production volume does not contribute to the reduction of production cost. Meanwhile, the increase in recurring profit margin compared to the sales were influencing the increase in the production volume but it was shown that the increase in the company's investment of R&D was not a contributing factor thus it was not included in the virtuous cycle. It was analyzed that the VS was shown not to influence all other processes within the industry except for the module companies where the increase in the recurring profit margin compared to the sales was influenced by the increase in the recurring profit margin compared to the sales of solar cell companies. This shows that the virtuous industrial ecosystem which should be made under the mutual cooperation by the ingot, wafer, solar cell, module and system companies are yet incomplete.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.148-153
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of extraction methods on the physicochemical characteristics using seed oil of wild green tea (Camellia sinensis). When the solvent extraction method after grinding and steam treatment (SGS) was used for oil extraction, the yield was highest. The specific gravity was a range of $0.91{\sim}0.94g/cm^{3}$ irrespective of extraction methods of oil. However, the light in the solvent extraction method after grinding (SG), the red in the pressure extraction method after grinding and roasting treatment (PGR), and the yellow in SG method were highest. Among various fatty acids, the concentrations of C16 : 0, C18 : 1 and C18 : 2 were highest, irrespective of extraction methods. Especially, the C16 : 0 concentration was in the order of SG (34.78%), SGS (23.04%), and PRGS method (23.01%), the C18 : 1 concentration was in the order of PGR (43.35%), SGS (42.7%), SG method (39.0%), and in the case of C18 : 2, it was in order of PGR (23.15%), SGS (23.03%), and SG method (15.01%). The saturated fatty acid concentration was in the order of SG (40.59%), PGR (31.61%), and SGS method (30.1%). On the other hand, in the case of the unsaturated fatty acid, it was in the order of SGS (69.9%), PGR (68.39%), and SG method (59.41%). The acid values in the SGS and SG method after 10 days of storage were in the range of 6~8 mgKOH/g. However, in the case of PGR method, it was increased with the increase of storage time and was 49.3 mgKOH/g after 60 days. The peroxide values in the SGS and SG method were in the range of 60~100 mEq/g from 10 to 60 days of storage. On the other hand, when the storage time was increased from 10 to 30 days, it was sharply increased from 60 to 240 mEq/g. The rancidity was in the order of $Fe^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Cr^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$ and $Ni^{2+}$, irrespective of extraction methods. Especially, when butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) was added into oil containing 1.0 ppm of <$Fe^{2+}$, the peroxide value was decreased from 539.4 to 216.6%. These results show that seed oil of Camellia sinensis grown in Iksan can be applied as sources for cosmetics, detergents, food, and pharmaceuticals.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.219-225
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• 2007

This study was performed to provide basic ideas as understanding and application for oriental medicinal cuisine (Yak-Sun). To develop medicinal cuisine, it is necessary to grasp the theoretical system. And to develop medicinal cuisine for health enhancement, it is also required not only to consider constitutions but also to suggest the need of knowledge for moderation in terms of regimen along with the theory of oriental medicine. Also to develop medicinal cuisine according to the perspective of oriental medicinal theory, what should be taken into account is not only the understanding of the characteristics of food materials, but also the properties of them that the theory of oriental medicine. Lastly the scientific effect of the medicinal cuisine which is developed according to the oriental medicinal theory. And it is believed to De essential for the government to make effects to set a standard and laws to validate the medicinal effects and the process of assessment so that the systematic development can be encouraged, and to prepare guidance to food development for national health improvement. This research was planned and executed to evaluate how the composition of Yak-sun(oriental diet therapy) can effect health conditions of people who are suffering from diet-related diseases like cardiovascular related disease. by taking Yak-sun in a form of nutritional supplement with our daily meals. We produced Yak-sun tea with Mansam, Hwanggi, Tanggi and Paekchak and observed nutritional composition. We concluded that we could apply the components not only in a form of tea, but also in other forms of various food. The information we received from this conclusion will be a basic information on how we can apply oriental medicinal resources into other food and will also be a steppingstone for medicinal herbs to step foot in the field of functional food research, which already draws sizable attention world-wide.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2020

Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with the mixed structure of cubic and nanorod were synthesized by precipitation, hydrothermal, sol-gel method, etching process and heat treatment. Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ core-shell (CS) of type Fe₂O₃@TiO₂ composite was fabricated on a 20 nm nanolayer of TiO₂ coated on the surface of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles. Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ yolk-shell (YS) composite was prepared by chemical etching and heat treatment of Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ CS nanoparticles. Physical properties of Fe₂O₃, Fe₂O₃@TiO₂ CS and Fe₂O₃@TiO₂ YS nanoparticles were characterized by FE-SEM, HR-TEM and X-ray diffraction. The solar reflectance, commission internationale de l'Elcairage (CIE) color coordinate and heat shield temperatures of Fe₂O₃, CS and YS type Fe₂O₃@TiO₂ pigments filled with poly acrylate (PA) paints were investigated by UV-Vis-NIR spectrometer and homemade heat shield temperature measuring device. The Fe₂O₃@TiO₂ YS red pigment filled PA composite exhibited excellent near infrared light reflecting performance and also reduced the heat shield temperature of 13 ℃ than that of Fe₂O₃ filled counterparts.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-28
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• 2014

Private consulting firms that are currently participating in rural area development projects with a bottom-up approach are involved in nearly all areas of rural area development, and the policy environment that emphasizes the bottom-up approach will further expand their participation. Reviews of private consulting firms, which started out with high expectations in the beginning, are now becoming rather negative. Expertise is the key issue in the controversy over private consulting firms, and the analysis tends to limit the causes of the problems within firms. This study was conducted on the premise that the fixation on cause and structure results in policy issues in the promotion process. That is because the government authorities are responsible for managing and supervising the implementation of policies, not developing the policies. The current issues with consulting firms emerged because of the hasty implementation of private consulting through the government policy trend without sufficient consideration, as well as the policy environment that demanded short-term outcomes even though the purpose of bottom-up rural area development lies in the ideology of endogenous development focused on the changes in residents' perceptions. Research was conducted to determine how the problems of private consulting firms that emerged and were addressed in this context influenced the consulting market, using current data and based on the firms' business performance. In analyzing the types, firms were divided into three groups: top performers including market leaders (9), excellent performers (36), and average performers (34). An analysis of the correlation between the business performance of each type and managerial resources such as each firm's expertise revealed that there was only a correlation between human resources and regional development in excellent performers, and none was found with the other types. These results imply that external factors other than a firm's capabilities (e.g., expertise) play a significant role in the standards of selecting private consulting firms. Thus, government authorities must reflect on their error of hastily adopting private consulting firms without sufficient consideration and must urgently establish response measures.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.52-76
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• 2000

Following the previous study focused on the period until the middle of the 20th century, this study tried to show how STS-related ideas have been developed historically in British science education, particularly focused on the period of the 2nd half of the 20th century. Like the USA, the UK witnessed the development of numerous academically-oriented programs, such as Nuffield projects, during the 1950-60s. However, during the 1970s, there had been growing criticism against the discipline-centered science education and some new noticeable approaches had been made to compensate the contemporary trend. For example, although its main focus was on the integrated approach in school science, the SCISP was quite successful to illustrate the importance of the relationship between science and society. Following this example, Science in Society and SISCON-in-Schools were more ambitious in developing genuine STS programs. These two projects were developed simultaneously and took the form of modules, rather than of textbooks. Nevertheless, Science in Society was more concerned with the applied and industrial aspects of science while SISCON-in-Schools was more inclined to the historical, philosophical and social aspects of science. During the 1980s, far more ambitious attempts had been made to develop full-scale STS programs, i.e. Salters' Chemistry/Science and SATIS. These two programs have been developed with the active corporation from the ASE and soon became the typical examples of the STS approach across the world. Besides the similarities between them, Salters' approach is more application-oriented, subject-oriented, and textbook-like while SATIS is more socially-oriented, issue-oriented and module-style. In summary, the history of STS approach in school science shows that the STS programs were developed under the different social backgrounds and initiated by different groups of the people who have different views towards the purposes of school science and that the STS approach is certainly not the exclusive characteristic of the last period of the 20th century. Finally, the features of the major STS programs developed in Britain during the 20th century are summarized and compared in relation to the Ziman's criteria of the possible approaches in STS education. And some general conclusion are drown based on the study of the history of the STS approaches in Britain.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.49-65
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• 2018

For a long time the German economy was primarily defined by large corporations and thriving small and medium-sized enterprises. Since about 2005 a second strand has started to emerge and it is one which is becoming increasingly important and is creating jobs - start-ups in the digital sector. This start-up activity is taking an important role in Germany's economic development: Start-up companies spawn innovations and create jobs, thus promoting the concept of competition. In general "start-up" refers to digitally-driven companies that are not more than five years old. Germany's start-up policy consists of three main parts. First of all, Germany has the characteristics of technology-based start-ups. The Hartz reform since 2002 has shown its focus on technology-based start-ups. In particular, it is the most appropriate for a start-up company to take the role of a new technology company to respond to changes in the global industrial structure. Second, it is approaching from a long-term perspective. In this regard, the small business policy, including Germany's new business policy, is seen as a tradition that can be consistent and can make policy decisions based on the basics rather than following the times. Third, the government is implementing policies centered on demand. Germany's start-up policy is summarized as a technology-based policy and new job creation. The policy response is that the government seeks the best combination of policies by adapting them to the times from the broad trend of employment market policies. What is important here is that policies are made based on consumers, not suppliers, in the process of policy making and implementation. With the Digital Agenda 2020 the Federal government has likewise committed itself to preparing the digital economy for international competition and making Germany the "No. 1 digital growth country in Europe". Ever since 1998 the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) has awarded the "EXIST" start-up scholarship to students and graduates. The Ministry also invests in the High Tech start-up fund. Together with Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW) and 18 other investors from the world of business the seed investor promotes young technology companies. Germany offers start-ups a good infrastructure and lots of funding opportunities. Berlin is regarded as Europe's start-up capital and also attracts lots of international young entrepreneurs.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2004

User-Centered Design Approach plays important role in dealing with usability issues for developing modern technology products. Yet it is still questionable whether the User-Centered approach is enough for the development of successful consumer contents since the User-Centered Design is originated from the software engineering field where meeting customers' functional requirement is the most critical aspect in developing a software. However, modern consumer market is already saturated and in order to meet ever increasing consumer requirements, the User-Centered Design approach needs to be expanded. As a way of incorporating the User-Centered Approach into the consumer product development, Jordan suggested the 'Pleasure-based Approach' in industrial design field, which usually generates multi-dimensional user requirements: 1)physical, 2)cognitive, 3)identity and 4) social. It is the current tendency that many portal and community service providers focus on fulfilling both functional and emotional needs for users when developing new items, contents and services. Previously fulfilling consumers' emotional needs solely depend on visual designer's graphical sense and capability. However, taking the customer-centered approach on withdrawing consumers' unknown needs is getting critical in the competitive market environment. This paper reviews different types of user research techniques and categorized into 6 ways based on Kano(1992)'s product quality model. Based on his theory, only performance factors, such as suability, can be identified through the user-centered design approach. The user-centered design approach has to be expanded to include factors include personality, sociability, pleasure, and so on. In order to identify performance as well as excellent factors through user research, a user-research framework was established and tested through the case study, which is ' the development of new online service for teens '. The results of the user research were summarized at the end of the paper and the pros and cons of each research techniques were analyzed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.296-306
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• 2014

This study was conducted to survey and analyze the quantity of various organic wastes and to vitalize the utilization of agri-food by-products as raw materials for Total mixed ration (TMR), to improve feed cost savings and the quality of animal products. On-the-spot obstacles for animal farmers, along with legal and institutional alternatives are presented. The results are as follows. First, organic wastes in Korea are managed by the Allbaro system created in the Wastes Control Act, which processes 10,488 tons of cooking oil waste, 832,493 tons of animal and plant residues, 5,740 tons of animal carcasses, 1,171,892 tons of animal residues, and 2,172,415 tons of plant residues including 12,905 tons of rice hull and bran, for a total of 4,205,931 tons. Raw materials for TMR, namely rice hulls and bran as well as plant residues, accounted for 51.7% of the total national organic waste. The top 10 municipalities process 76~100% of all organic wastes and a supply management system is needed for the waste. Second, the 10 major agri-food by-products used as raw materials for TMR are bean curd by-product, rice bran, oil-cake, brewers dried grain, Distiller's Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS), barley bran, soy sauce by-product, citrus fruit by-product, mushroom by-product and other food by-product (bread, noodles, snacks, etc.). Third, the biggest difficulties in using agri-food by-products are legal obstacles. Because agri-food by-products are regulated as industrial wastes by the Waste Control Act, animal farmers that wish to use them have legal reporting obligations including the installation of recycling facilities. To enable the use of agri-food by-products as raw materials for TMR, waste management system improvements such as 'the end of waste status' and the establishment of more than 10 public distribution centers nationwide are deemed essential.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.808-818
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• 1994

Effects of ceria additive on the activity and thermal aging behavior of supported Ru catalysts were investigated using Ru/${\gamma}$-$Al_2O_3$and Ru/$CeO_2$-${\gamma}$-$Al_2O_3$. The catalysts were characterized by $^{129}Xe$-NMR and $H_2$ chemisorption. The cataltic activity for conversion of CO, HC and $NO_x$ was measured using simulated automobile engine exhausts under lean, rich and stoichiometric conditions. For both fresh and aged catalysts, Ru/$CeO_2$-${\gamma}$-$Al_2O_3$ was more active than Ru/${\gamma}$-$Al_2O_3$ for all three pollutants. Results of $^{129}Xe$-NMR and $H_2$ chemisorption indicated that sintering of Ru particles occurred to the same extent for both catalysts during the thermal aging process. After thermal aging at 673K, however, the catalytic activity of the aged Ru/$CeO_2$-${\gamma}$-$Al_2O_3$ was substantially higher than that of the fresh one, while the activity of Ru/${\gamma}$-$Al_2O_3$ decreased after the thermal aging. This finding may suggest new active sites were created during the thermal aging, probably in the vicinity of the interface between Ru and Ce. For more quantitative investigation of the effect of a cation such as Ce on the thermal aging of Ru metal particles, Ru catalysts supported on cation-exchanged Y-zeolites were used as the model catalysts. The results indicated that when Ba, Ca, La, Y or Ce was used for the cation exchange, the exchanged cation did not affect the thermal aging behavior of Ru in Y-zeolite, as evidenced by $^{129}Xe$-NMR and EXAFS.