• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.216-224
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Mokhyangsaenghwa-tang beverage on postpartum recovery and lactation. One theory of oriental medical treatment for postpartum care is focused on increasing vitality and building up blood. Saengwha-tang are representative remedies for these respective principle of treatment. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the clinical effects of Mokhyangsaenghwa-tang on blood components, Body weight, BMI and prolactin level in postpartum. Methods : 65 postpartum women applied for this study, and 30 of them were included in this study. They were divided two groups. The experimental group were treated by Mokhyangsaenghwa-tang beverage, the control group were treated by citron beverage during 40 days. Then we observed the changes of the body weight, BMI, complete blood cell count, liver function test, renal function test, level of serum prolactin, Urine analysis and general conditon Questionnaire among baseline(before treatment), 1st phase(after 20 days treatment) and 2nd phase(after 40 days treatment). Results : After taking Mokhyangsaenghwa-tang beverage, body weight, body water, edema index, prolactin ana general condtion became better, but they were not statistically significant. Conclusion : This study shows that Mokhyangsaenghwa-tang can improve postpartum recovery, but more research is needed.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.174-181
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• 2006

Objective : Based on the immunological dysfunction in RA and the immunological feature of Clematis mandshurica Maxim. herbal acupuncture solution (CM-HAS), this study examined whether subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of CM-HAS has anti-inflammatory effects on adjuvant arthritis (AA) in the rat. Methods : Complete Freund's adjuvant was used to induce AA in rats. Secondary paw swelling of AA rats was measured, and polyarthritis index was scored. The administration of CM-HAS (2, 5, 10 mg/kg) to the Sinsu-hyul (BL 23) acupuncture point subcutaneously (s.c.) inhibited the inflammatory response and restored the weight of body and immune organs of AA rats. In this study. inhibitory effect of CM-HAS on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was evaluated. The plant material selected for this study has been used in Korean medicine for the treatment of various diseases that are considered as inflammatory in nature, e.g. asthma, arthritis, rheumatism, fever, edema, infections, snakebite and related inflammatory diseases. Results : There were significant secondary inflammatory reactions in AA rats, accompanied with the simultaneous decrease of body and immune organs weight. The administration of CM-HAS (2, 5, 10 mg/kg, s.c.) improved the above changes significantly. CM-HAS showed inhibitory activity against COX-2, which supports their traditional uses. In this study, aspirin and indomethacin were used to contrast with CM-HAS as the COX-2 inhibitors. Conclusion: The findings of this study may explain at least in part why CM-HAS has been traditionally used for the treatment of inflammatory conditions in traditional Korean and Chinese medicine.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2006

Objective : Acute cerebral infarction is often accompanied by transtentorial herniation which can be fatal. The aim of this study is to determine the timing of surgical intervention and prognostic factors in patients who present with acute cerebral infarction. Methods : We reviewed retrospectively 23 patients with acute cerebral infarction, who received decompressive craniectomy or conservative treatment from January 2002 to December 2004. We divided patients into two groups according to the treatment modalities [Group 1 : conservative treatment, Group 2 : decompressive craniectomy]. In all patients, the outcome was quantified with Glasgow Outcome Scale and Barthel Index. Results : Of the 23 patients, 11 underwent decompressive craniectomy. With decompressive craniectomy at the time of loss of pupillary light reflex, we were able to prevent death secondary to severe brain edema in all cases. Preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale and loss of pupillary light reflex were significant to the clinical outcome statistically. With conservative treatment, 9 of the 12 patients died secondary to transtentorial herniation. The clinical outcomes of remaining 3 patients were poor. Conclusion : This study confirms the value of life-saving procedure of decompressive craniectomy after acute cerebral infarction. We propose that the loss of pupillary light reflex should be considered one of the most important factors to determine the timing of the decompressive craniectomy.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.810-817
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• 2002

This study was carried out to know the effects of sopunghwalhyeoltang-gamibang(hereinafter referred to SPHHT) on the inhibition of arthritis induced by collagen on the mouse. Various experimental were performed in vivo (in DBA/1 J mice which are experimental model of arthritis induced by collagen) to analyse the immunomodulatory effects of SPHHT. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The cytotoxicity against mLFC was not measured in all concentration. 2. The arthritis index, incidence, hind paw edema, delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, spleen weight were reduced in SPHHT treated group. 3. The expression of CD3 ε +/CD4+, CD3 ε +/CD8+ and CD19+ in peripheral blood mononuclear were reduced in SPHHT treated group. 4. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly reduced in SPHHT treated group. 5. The formation of new bones and synivium were stimulated in SPHHT treated group. Comparison of the results for this study showed that Sopung-hwalhyeoltang-gamibang had immunomodulatory effects. So we expect that Sopunghwalhyeoltang-gamibang should be used as a effective drugs for not only rheumatoid arthritis but also another auto-immune disease. Therefore we have to survey continuously in looking for the effective substance and mechanism in the future.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2015

Dysfunction of gut immune regulation is involved in mucosal damage in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, there is still no efficacious immune-regulator for the treatment of IBD. Alloferon is a novel immune-modulatory peptide that was originally isolated from infected insects. It shows anti-inflammatory effects by the regulation of cytokine production by immune cells and their activities. Therefore, we investigated the effect of alloferon in a mouse model of colitis using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Colitis was induced by administration of DSS in drinking water for 7 consecutive days. It was confirmed by the presence of weight loss, diarrhea, hematochezia, and colon contraction. Alloferon was injected 4 days after DSS administration. We found that alloferon improved the pathogenesis of IBD based on the reduced disease activity index (DAI) and colon contraction. Edema, epithelial erosion, and immune cell infiltration were found in mice administered DSS, but the phenomena were reduced following alloferon treatment. The plasma level of IL-6, a classical pro-inflammatory cytokine in colitis, was also decreased by alloferon. Moreover, alloferon inhibited the TNF-${\alpha}$-induced degradation and phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B$ in Colo205 colon cancer cells. Taken together, these results show that alloferon has anti-inflammatory effects and attenuates DSS-induced colitis.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2008

Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference of treatment effects and allergic responses to stiff neck between Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture and Sweet Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture. Methods Forty one patients who felt stiff neck were randomly divided into two groups, a Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture group(group I) and a Sweet Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture group(group II). Evaluations of the treatment effects were made before and after a treatment using Visual Analog Scale(VAS), Neck Disability Index(NDI), Clinical Evaluation Grade(CEG). The comparison of allergic responses was measured with VAS. The obtained data were analyzed and compared with SPSS. Results The group I and group II showed significant improvement(p<0.05) according to the VAS, NDI, CEG. And the differences between the two groups were insignificant according to VAS, NDI, CEG. But allergic responses such as localized edema, localized itching were significantly lower in group II than group I. Conclusions It seems that there are no big different treatment effects between the two groups. Sweet Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture appears to be more effective measurement against allergic reactions than the Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture. Further studies are needed for the comparison of Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture and Sweet Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.227-236
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential use of ginseng leaf as a cosmetic material. In this research, we employed enzymatic treated ginseng leaf by using Ultraflo L to improve the recovery of ginsenosides from the ginseng leaf and studied the biological activities and skin safety of the enzymatic treated ginseng leaf for use as a cosmetic material. The total ginsenoside contents of the non-enzymatic treated ginseng leaf (NEGL) and Ultraflo L treated ginseng leaf (UTGL) were 271 and 406 mg/g, respectively. The level of metabolite ginsenosides (sum of Rg2, Rg3, Rg5, Rk1, compound K, Rh1, Rh2, and F2) was higher in UTGL (93.1 mg) compared to NEGL (62.4 mg) in one gram ginseng leaf extract. The increase in amounts of ginsenoside types in UTGL compared to NEGL was generally 140% to 157%. UTGL exhibited relatively higher 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate ($IC_{50}$, 2.8 mg/mL) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt ($IC_{50}$, 1.6 mg/mL) radical scavenging activities compared to NEGL (4.8 mg/mL and 2.2 mg/mL). The UTGL group showed normalized hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation and visual wrinkling grade induced-UVB exposure. The UTGL did not induce any adverse reactions such as erythema and edema on intact skin sites; however, some guinea pigs treated with UTGL on abraded skin sites showed very slight erythema. The primary irritation index (PII) score of UTGL was 0.05 and it was classified as a practically non-irritating material (PII, 0 to 0.5). In skin sensitization tests with guinea pigs, UTGL had a positive rate of skin sensitization at 40%, and the mean evaluation score was 0.4.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2015

This study investigated the clinical parameters of atopic dermatitis and evaluated the inhibitory effects of Black currant seed oil for atopic dermatitis by using a Dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB) induced BALB/c mice model. Five-week-old BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: normal group (N, non-treated), control group (C, atopic dermatitis-induced), positive control group (PC, Tacrolimus ointment-treated against induced atopic dermatitis, PC), experiment group (E, Black currant seed oil-treated against induced atopic dermatitis). After induction of atopic dermatitis by DNCB, the erythema, edema, eschar, and scratching were severely observed. The symptoms of atopic dermatitis were improved after 2 weeks, and almost disappeared after 4 weeks in PC and E group. The increased frequencies of scratching in C group were decreased in PC and E group. Transepidermal water loss, erythema index and serum IgE level were significantly decreased in E and PC compared to that in C after 4 weeks of the treatment. The results indicated that Black currant seed oil can relieve atopic dermatitis symptoms effectively, and may be possibly used as a functional material for suppression of atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.233-239
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• 2017

Background: Nephrotoxicity is the major side effect in cisplatin chemotherapy. Previously, we reported that the ginsenosides Rk3 and Rh4 reduced cisplatin toxicity on porcine renal proximal epithelial tubular cells (LLC-PK1). Here, we aimed to evaluate the protective effect of ginsenosides Rk3 and Rh4 on kidney function and elucidate their antioxidant effect using in vitro and in vivo models of cisplatin-induced acute renal failure. Methods: An enriched mixture of ginsenosides Rk3 and Rh4 (KG-KH; 49.3% and 43.1%, respectively) was purified from sun ginseng (heat processed Panax ginseng). Cytotoxicity was induced by treatment of $20{\mu}M$ cisplatin to LLC-PK1 cells and rat model of acute renal failure was generated by single intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg cisplatin. Protective effects were assessed by determining cell viability, reactive oxygen species generation, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, antioxidant enzyme activity, and histopathological examination. Results: The in vitro assay demonstrated that KG-KH ($50{\mu}g/mL$) significantly increased cell viability (4.6-fold), superoxide dismutase activity (2.8-fold), and glutathione reductase activity (1.5-fold), but reduced reactive oxygen species generation (56%) compared to cisplatin control cells. KG-KH (6 mg/kg, per os) also significantly inhibited renal edema (87% kidney index) and dysfunction (71.4% blood urea nitrogen, 67.4% creatinine) compared to cisplatin control rats. Of note, KG-KH significantly recovered the kidney levels of catalase (1.2-fold) and superoxide dismutase (1.5-fold). Conclusion: Considering the oxidative injury as an early trigger of cisplatin nephrotoxicity, our findings suggest that ginsenosides Rk3 and Rh4 protect the kidney from cisplatin-induced oxidative injury and help to recover renal function by restoring intrinsic antioxidant defenses.

• Medical Lasers
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2020

Background and Objectives Melasma is an acquired pigmentary disorder characterized by brown or dark brown colored macules and patches which mostly involve the face. Compared to nanosecond lasers, picosecond lasers have fewer adverse effects on surrounding tissues and give better results for melanin fragmentation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the pico-toning technique using a low fluence 1,064-nm Nd:YAG laser on melasma patients. Materials and Methods This study is a retrospective analysis of melasma cases treated using the pico-toning technique from June 2017 to November 2020. Based on photographic images, the modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI) score was blind evaluated by two independent plastic surgeons. Patient satisfaction was assessed through a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire after treatment sessions. All adverse effects and complications were reviewed based on medical records. Results A total of 23 patients were included in the study. The mMASI scores for baseline and 2 months after the last procedure were 5.1 ± 1.4 and 2.6 ± 0.4, respectively. The mean mMASI score reduced significantly after the treatment session (p < 0.05). The patient satisfaction score with the procedure was 3.8 ± 1.0. The subject satisfaction score and difference in the mMASI score before the procedure and 2 months after the last procedure showed a significant correlation. Adverse effects observed in this study were erythema (n = 1) and edema (n = 1). Conclusion The results of the study show that the pico-toning technique is effective in Asian patients with melasma. We believe that safety was enhanced by using low fluence, and thus better results were achieved with fewer adverse effects.