• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2014

Objectives : Gami-Chunggisan extract (GCE) is one of the oriental traditional medicine. We investigated the antioxidant effect and reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine as a functional ingredient for cosmetic products from the GCE. Methods : GCE was prepared by extracting with 80% ethanol. We analyzed total polyphenol and antioxidant activities. To evaluate antioxidant activity, we measured 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Also we measured the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) on Raw264.7 cells. We researched reduction of anti-inflammatory cytokines from concentration of GCE on Raw264.7 cells. Results : Total polyphenol quantity of GCE was included 46.6 mg/g. The GCE showed ABTS free radical scavenging ability with more than 89% at $1000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. In addition the DPPH free radical scavenging ability from the GCE was activated over 93% at $1000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Production of the ROS was decreased by approximately 26%, upon the GCE treatment at concentration of $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The GCE at $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration showed inhibitory effect on NO production by 38%. Production of IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 were decreased by approximately 56% and 36%, respectively upon GCE treatment at $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Also, production of TNF-${\alpha}$ was decreased by approximately 79% at $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Moreover, the GCE showed inhibitory effects on the expression of the IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ genes in LPS-induced Raw 264.7 cells. Conclusions : From the results above, we conclude that the GCE indicated significant antioxidant effects and induced reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.671-675
• /
• 2002

우렁쉥이 껍질에서 추출한 autoclave 추출구와 neutrase 추출구는 지방흡수력의 경우 대조시료인 chitin과 chitsan에 비해 떨어지는 대략 250$\~$$300\%$ 정도이었으나, 포말성은 각각 0.70과 0.67로, 포말안정성은 0.50과 0.38로 우수하였다 Autoclave 추출구 및 neutrase 추출구의 유화능은 각각 $49.2\%$와 $47.1\%$, 유화안정성의 경우 각각 $48.3\%$와 $44.8\%$ 정도였으며 특히, 색소흡착능은 각각 $85.2\%$와 $85.6\%$로 대조시료에 비해 다소 우수하였다 항혈액응고능은 모든 시료에서 hPn 저 지효과는 나타났으나 PT값은 약 14.5초로 일정하여 혈액응고저지 효과가 거의 없었다. 특히 autoclave 처리구를 DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography하여 얻은 F4 (획분4)는 APTT가 75초로 가장 효과적 이 었으며, Sephadex G-100의 $F_2$가 70초 정도였다. ACE저해능은 모든 시료에서 ACE 저해효과가 있었으며, 채택된 실험방법에 따라 동일시료 경우에 있어서도 저해효과 값이 차이가 났으며, 특히 DEAE-cellulose 이온교환 처리한 $ F_4$ (획분4)가 $35.7\%$로 가장 효과적이었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.511-518
• /
• 2012

The mechanisms of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling have been the focus of extensive studies because TLRs are the target of therapeutic intervention on multiple diseases. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory potential of Vigna angularis (azuki bean) on the TLR signaling. The effect of Vigna angularis extract (JSD) on TLR activation was investigated by assessing NF-${\kappa}B$ and AP-1 inducible secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) activity. JSD significantly inhibited SEAP activity induced by poly I:C (TLR3 ligand) and poly I (TLR7 ligand) in a dose-dependent manner at concentration below 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ with no sign of cytotoxicity. Pretreatment of JSD markedly suppressed mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesive molecules such as TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, RANTES, MCP-1 and ICAM-1 induced by TLR ligands. It also diminished the phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B$ kinase and $I{\kappa}B$, and followed by $I{\kappa}B$-mediated nuclear translocation of p50, p65, and phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and IRF signaling pathway. In conclusion, our results suggest that Vigna angularis has inhibitory activity on TLR-3 and -7 signaling and it can be further developed as a remedy in curing TLR-related multiple diseases.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.160-169
• /
• 2024

본 연구에서는 분비나무(Abies nephrolepis MAX.)를 분비나무 줄기(Abies nephrolepis MAX. stem) 추출물과 분비나무 잎(Abies nephrolepis MAX. leaf) 추출물로 나누어 항염 관련 기능성을 연구하여 화장품 소재로서의 이용가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. MTT assay를 통해 세포 생존율을 확인한 결과, 대식세포(RAW 264.7)에서 분비나무 줄기와 잎 추출물의 500 ㎍/ml의 농도에서 각각 97.8%, 95.6%의 생존율을 보였다. 이에 따라 세포 관련 실험을 세포의 생존율이 100%에 가까운 25, 50, 100 ㎍/ml의 농도로 진행하였다. 염증을 유발하는 활성산소인 NO 생성에 대해 분비나무 추출물을 측정한 결과, 분비나무 추출물을 처리한 구에서 NO 발현이 억제되는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 분비나무 줄기와 잎은 100 ㎍/ml의 농도에서 71.1%, 42.9%의 저해율을 나타내었다. 분비나무 추출물을 RAW 264.7 세포에 처리하여 단백질 발현을 측정한 결과, COX-2, iNOS 및 pro-inflammatoty cytokine인 IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α 인자에서 농도 의존적으로 단백질 발현이 억제되었으며, 분비나무 줄기의 iNOS와 분비나무 잎의 COX-2, iNOS, IL-6 및 TNF-α의 인자가 대조군인 Vit. C와 비교하였을 때 우수한 단백질 발현 억제를 보였다. 또한, RAW 264.7 세포에 분비나무 추출물을 처리하여 mRNA 발현을 측정한 결과, 분비나무 줄기의 iNOS, 분비나무 잎의 COX-2와 iNOS의 mRNA 발현양은 대조군인 Vit. C와 비교하였을 때 우수한 억제율을 확인할 수 있었으며, pro-inflammatoty cytokine인 IL-1β, IL-6 및 TNF-α인자에서는 분비나무 줄기 추출물의 IL-1β는 대조군과 유의한 결과를 나타냈지만, 나머지 인자에서는 대조군인 Vit. C와 비교하였을 때 mRNA 발현 억제율이 우수한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이에 따라 분비나무 추출물이 항염 관련 기능성 활성에 우수함을 나타내어 화장품 소재로써의 이용가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.1178-1191
• /
• 2008

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine Powder on Alzheimer's Disease Model Induced by ${\beta}A$. The effects of the SSJHT hot water extract on expression of IL-1RA, $IL-1{\beta}$$, IL-6, IL-10, $TNF-{\alpha}$, NOS-II, COX-2 mRNA and production of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysacchaide(LPS). The effects of the SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on (1) the behavior (2) expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, MDA, CD68, CD11b and AChE (3) and the infarction area of the hippocampus in Alzheimer's diseased mice induced with ${\beta}A$ were investigated. The SSJHT hot water extract suppressed the expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$, NOS-II, COX-2 mRNA and increased IL-1RA, IL-10 in BV2 microglia cell line treated with LPS. The SSJHT hot water extract suppressed the production of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ significantly in BV2 microglial cell line treated with LPS. The SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder a significant inhibitory effect on the memory deficit was shown for the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$ in the Morris water maze experiment, which measured step-through latency. The SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder suppressed the expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$$, $L-1{\beta}$ protein significantly in the microglial cell of mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder reduced the MDA and suppressed the over-expression of CD68, CD11b in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder significantly decreased AChE activity in the serum of the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder reduced infarction area of hippocampus. and controlled the injury of brain tissue in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The results suggest that the SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder may be effective for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Investigation into the clinical use of the SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder for Alzheimer's disease is suggested for future research.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.383-388
• /
• 2018

본 연구에서는, 표고버섯 균사체 발효 생물전환공법으로 생산된 미강생물전환소재(BPP-RB)가 가금티푸스의 주요 원인균인 S. Gallinarum에 감염된 닭 유래 대식세포주 HD-11에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 그 결과, 미강생물전환소재 추출액은 S. Gallinarum 277에 대한 직접적인 성장억제 효과를 보여주지 않았으며, 총단백질 및 분비단밸질 발현 양상에 어떠한 변화도 유도하지 못하였다. 하지만, 미강생물전환소재 추출액은 (i) HD-11 대식세포의 탐식 능력(phagocytic activity)을 활성화하였고, (ii) Th1-type cytokines(tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, iNOS)과 immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10의 발현 증가를 유도하였으며, (iii) Th2-type cytokines (IL-4, IL-6)의 발현은 감소시키는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과를 종합하면, 미강생물전환소재는 가금 농장에서 가금티푸스 및 다른 Salmonella종의 감염을 예방하기 위한 사료첨가제로서의 가능성을 가지고 있다고 사료된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.227-233
• /
• 2011

Water Fermented and Ethanol Fermented Extracts from Rhei Radix et Rhizoma exhibit potent anti-inflammatory activity with an unknown mechanism. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of W-FR and E-FR on pharmacological and biochemical actions in inflammation, we examined the effect of W-FR and E-FR on pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. The investigation focused on whether FR inhibited nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the expressions of iNOS, COX-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. We found that FR inhibited LPS-induced NO, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 productions as well as the expressions of iNOS and COX-2. These results suggest that W-FR and E-FR have inhibitory effects on LPS-induced TNF-${\alpha}$, NO, and IL-6 production, as well as the expressions of iNOS and COX-2 in the murine macrophage.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 2007

Objective : Lonicera japonica (Caprifoliaceae) has long been used for treatment of infectious diseases in oriental countries. The aim of this study was to investigative the effect by which the aqueous extract from flower of L. japonica (LJFAE) inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory mediators in murine macrophages, RAW 264.7 cells Methods : The dried flowers of L. japonica were extracted with distilled water at $100^{\circ}C$ for 7 h. The extract was filtered through 0.45 ${\mu}m$ filter, freeze-dried. The dried extract was dissolved in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) and filtered through 0.22 ${\mu}m$ filter before use. Accumulated nitrite, an oxidative product of nitric oxide (NO), was measured in the culture medium by the Griess reaction. The levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$), interleukin-1$\beta$ (IL-1$\beta$), and IL-6 production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis. Results: LJFAE (10-400 ${\mu}g$/ml) per se had no cytotoxic effect in unstimulated macrophages, but LJFAE concentration-dependently reduced NO, PGE2, TNF-, IL-l, and IL-6 production and COX-2 activity caused by stimulation of LPS. The levels of iNOS and COX-2 protein expressions were markedly suppressed by the treatment with LJFAE in a concentration dependent manner. Conclusions : These results suggest that LJFAE suppress the NO and PGE2production in macrophages by inhibiting iNOS and COX-2 expression and these properties may contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of Lonicera japonica.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제59권1호
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 2016

Bioactive components of ultra-fine ground Saururus, the extraction yield increases when the leaves are ultra-fine ground. Comparison of normal-ground and ultra-fine ground Saururus chinensis leaves showed that the solid content and antiinflammatory activity of ultra-fine ground extracts was higher than that of normal-ground extracts. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations of Saururus chinensis extract and the amount of nitric oxide (NO) was determined; LPS-treated cells produced 2 times more NO than cells that were not treated with LPS. Moreover, the NO production in cells treated with Saururus chinensis extract was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. Because the stimulant-induced NO production is regulated by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), we measured the iNOS protein level to elucidate the mechanism by which the NO production was inhibited. We found that the amount of iNOS decreased dose-dependently. It was reduced by 53% at a Saururus chinensis extract concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. The protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-treated Raw 264.7 cells was inhibited by 31% at $100{\mu}g/mL$ of Saururus chinensis extract. Gel shift of the nuclear factor kappa B-DNA complex occurred in LPS-treated cells and the intensity of the band decreased gradually in a concentration-dependent manner. Ultra-fine ground Saururus chinensis extract had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the production of prostaglandin $E_2$, tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$, interleukin $1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), IL-6, and IL-8 in LPS-treated Raw 264.7 cells, i.e., at $50{\mu}g/mL$ of Saururus chinensis extract, their levels were decreased by 53, 67, 52, 37, and 21% respectively.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.93-102
• /
• 2008

Objectives : Forsythiae Fructus (Forsythia koreana Nakai) has been used anti-inflammatory, diuretics, antidote, and antibacterials in traditional herbal medicine. The present study is focused on the inhibitory effect of Forsythiae Fructus ethanol extract (FF-E) on the production of inflammatory mediators such as NO, iNOS and proinflammatory cytokines ($TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6) in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells, a mouse microglial cell line, and investigated the scavenging activity of FF-E. Methods : BV-2 cells were pre-incubated with FF-E for 30 min and then stimulated with LPS (1 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$) at indicated times. Cell toxicity of GCF was determined by MTT assay. The levels of NO, PGE2 and cytokines were measured by Griess assay and ELISA. The mRNA and protein expressions of iNOS and cytokines were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Free radical scavenging activity of GCF was determined by DPPH assay in tube test. Results : FF-E significantly inhibited the excessive production of NO, $PGE_2$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and $IL-1{\beta}$ in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. In addition, FF-E attenuated the mRNA and protein expressions of iNOS, and proinflammatory cytokines. FF-E also significantly scavenged the DPPH free radicals in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions : These results indicate that FF-E exhibits anti-inflammatory property by suppressing the transcription of inflammatory mediator genes, suggesting the anti-inflammatory property of FF-E may make it useful as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of human neurodegenerative diseases.