• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2013

This study investigated the frequency, amount and consumption patterns of 50 potentially hazardous foods (PHF) along with consumers' risk perceptions towards PHF in Korea. A quantitative survey was performed from May through August by trained interviewers, surveying 1,000 adults aged over 18 who were randomly selected from six major provinces in Korea. Consumers perceived seafood, including shellfish, mussel, sashimi and sushi, as the top foods with the highest risk, followed by raw sliced beef. The food with the highest frequency intake per month was leafy vegetables, which is used to wrap other foods, followed by blanched vegetables, fried chicken, etc. The group of middle aged individuals with economic stability had the highest frequency intake of sashimi and sushi. Respondents living in small regions consume greater PHF portions at once. Food safety education with regard to the risk of PHF is essential for consumers, with high frequent intake of PHF.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2001

'Shinil' pear cultivar (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) which was originated in a cross between 'Shinko' (non-patented, released in 1941) and 'Hosui' (non-patented, released in 1972) in 1978 was released as a middle season harvest variety. Its usual picking time coincided with 'Chuseok' season which is one of the most famous national holiday in Korea. The fruit showed high soluble solids content and good appearance. The cultivar was preliminarily selected in 1991, and its regional adaptability was evaluated in the name of 'Wonkyo Na-13' at 9 sites for four years from 1992, and finally selected and named in 1995. 'Shinil' is medium in tree vigor like 'Hosui' and spreading in tree habit as 'Niitaka', a leading cultivar in Korea, and consistently very productive. It has high resistance to black rot caused by Alternaria kikuchiana and pear necrotic spot caused by pear necrotic spot virus. Its full bloom is one day earlier than that of 'Niitaka' cultivar and harvest time is September 25 at Suwon area which is 3 days later than that of 'Hosui'. Fruit is round in shape with a deep medium stalk cavity and medium calyx basin and has attractive light yellow brown skin color. The fruit weight ranges between 300 and 400 g, which is similar to 'Chojuro', 'Shinko', and 'Hosui'. Soluble solid content is approximately at the level of 13-14 Brix, which is higher than that of 'Chojuro'. The flesh is cream-white, very juicy, and light grit with soft and fine texture.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 1989

This investigation was conducted to get basic informations on land consolidation works and soil management for arable land. The characteristics of geometrical features of mapping units in the detailed soil maps of Korea were measured from 70 soil series (565 soil phases) by using a picture analysis system. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean values of the mapping units in extent, periphery, diameter of long axis and short axis, roundness and number of acute angles were 22.0ha, 2.267m, 911m, 0.104, and 3.5, respectively. It was suggested that "Simplicity Index of Mapping Unit", $=\frac{Extent\;in\;ara}{Length\;of\;boundary\;periphery\;in\;meter}{\times}\frac{1}{number\;of\;acute\;angle}$ be valuable to judge the complexity degrees of mapping units. 2. The size of mapping unit among physiographyic position was shown in order of Alluvial plains > Fluviomarine plains > Terraces > Hills > Fans > Mt. foot slopes > Valleys, and the simplicity index of mapping units also showed similar order of the extent. 3. The size and the simplicity index of the soils developed on plains with silty textured imperfectly drained were higher than the soils developed on sloped land with loamy textured. As the slopes getting steeper or relatively better in soil drainage, the size and the simplicity index became smaller. 4. The relationship between the simplicity index and the size of the farm unit divides by the land consolidation works was positively correlated. And it was concluded that the parcelling of the farm unit divides by the planning of land consolidation should be based on the soil boundaries of the detailed soil maps for mechanized or collaborated farming.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.27-40
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• 2021

This study was carried out for the description of the conflicts on the measurement of the root collar diameter of the landscape trees that are currently being produced, distributed, and planted in S. Korea, and for determination of the standard for root collar diameter measurement. The difference in consciousness of appropriate measurement of root collar diameter among different ages of landscape practitioners was statistically significant at p<0.05 level. It seemed to be due to the difference in the amount of field experiences among different age groups. On "the ambiguity of measuring the root collar diameter' of landscape trees", the consciousness was significantly different at p<0.05 level among job positions. On "Improvement of measurement criteria for landscape trees," it was significantly different at p<0.05 level among job types. This was thought to be due to the disagreement between the client and the contractor. On "prevention of topsoil removal" when excavating landscape trees, the consciousness was significantly different at p<0.001 level among different age groups, and different at p<0.01 level among different occupations, and different at p<0.05 level among different working area. The consciousness on "removing top soil when excavating landscape trees and rooting after transplantation" was not significantly different. The consciousness on the conflict caused by "ambiguity in root collar diameter measurement criteria" was high with an average of 3.85 for job type, occupation, jop position, and work experience. It was higher for landscape contractors than public institutions. The higher job positions and more experiences, the more conflicts. The consciousness on the appropriate position of root collar diameter measurement for landscape trees revealed that measuring at above-ground part (66.5%) was prefered to the underground part (33.0%). During the excavation of landscape trees for transplant, topsoil removal up to average depth of -2cm to -4cm was favored by 84.0%, and the purpose of removing topsoil was recognized as 'to increase the size and unit cost' by 59.7%.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.267-274
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• 2020

This study was conducted to estimate genetic parameters for growth and egg production traits in Black Korean native chicken (L strain) and Korean White Leghorn (F, K strains) using a multi-traits animal model BLUP. Traits used for this study were body weight at 150 days (BW150) and 270 days (BW270), age at first egg (DAY1st), egg weight at first egg (EW1st) and 270 days (EW270), and number of eggs laid by 270 days (EP270), and included 68,688 pedigree and 123,905 performance records collected from 2001 to 2013. In L, F, K strains, heritability estimates of BW150 were high (0.48, 0.52 and 0.50, respectively); of BW270 were high (0.56, 0.57 and 0.56); of DAY1st were medium to high (0.45, 0.39 and 0.31); of EW1st were low (0.15, 0.16 and 0.15); of EW270 were high (0.58, 0.55 and 0.59) and of EP270 were moderate (0.22, 0.21 and 0.20). The genetic and phenotypic correlation of DAY1st with EP270 were highly negative (-0.73 to -0.63 and -0.48 to -0.42). The genetic and phenotypic correlation of EP270 with BW150 and BW270, respectively were low negative (-0.16 to 0.01 and -0.14 to -0.03) and low to moderate positive (-0.08 to 0.07 and -0.13 to 0.04). The genetic and phenotypic correlation of EW270 with BW150 and BW270, respectively were moderate to high positive (0.39 to 0.49 and 0.36 to 0.46) and (0.29 to 0.33 and 0.34 to 0.37). The study showed that there is a potential for genetic improvement of Korean Indigenous chicken through selection program.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.544-551
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a simultaneous analytical method for berberine and palmatine, which are representative substances of Phellodendron amurense, and to evaluate the antioxidant activity. We evaluated the specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) of analytical methods for berberine and palmatine using high-performance liquid chromatography. Our result showed that the correlation coefficients of the calibration curve for berberine and palmatine exhibited 0.9999. The LODs for berberine and palmatine were 0.32 to 0.35 µg/mL and the LOQs were 0.97 to 1.06 µg/mL, respectively. The inter-day and intra-day precision values for berberine and palmatine were from 0.12 to 1.93 and 0.19 to 2.89%, respectively. The inter-day and intra-day accuracies were 98.43-101.45% and 92.39-100.60%, respectively. In addition, the simultaneous analytical method was validated for the detection of berberine and palmatine. Moreover, we conducted FRAP and NaNO2 scavenging activity assays to measure the antioxidant activities of berberine and palmatine, and both showed antioxidant activity. These results suggest that P.amurense could be a potential natural resource for antioxidant activity and that the efficacy can be confirmed by investigating the content of the berberine and palmatine.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.51-60
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• 2022

Objectives: Currently, Korea's medical services are divided into Western medicine and Korean medicine, and people who are not satisfied with the existing treatments are looking for complementary and alternative medicine(CAM). Therefore, this study attempted to confirm patients' perception of the ongoing collaborative treatment and integrated medical service that added CAM to collaborative treatment based on tertiary hospital users. So that we can confirm the expected advantage and disadvantage of integrated medical service system and the necessity of supporting medical expenses for it. Methods: The survey was conducted on 100 people who experienced tertiary hospital treatment and other 100 people who experienced both tertiary hospital treatment and Korean medicine treatment at the same period. The survey was conducted until the number of respondents in both group reached 100. The survey was conducted through e-mail and was conducted from September 27, 2021 to October 8, 2021. Results: For the advantages of collaborative treatment 'increased in psychological stability,' and for disadvantages 'longer time spent for treatment' were the most common. If integrated medical services are implemented in the future, expected advantages include 'consideration of various treatments.' and expected disadvantages include 'increased medical cost.' The needs to expand support for health insurance for integrated medical services were 75.5% among responders. Conclusions: We were able to find out the (expected) advantages and disadvantages of the collaborative medical care and the integrated medical system that medical users experienced or expected, also confirmed positive answers to the expansion of health insurance support for the integrated medical system.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 2022

This study was to investigate an analytical method for determining dieckol content in Ecklonia stolonifera extract. According to the guidelines of International Conference on Harmonization. Method validation was performed by measuring the specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) of dieckol using high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array. The results showed that the correlation coefficient of calibration curve (R²) for dieckol was 0.9997. The LOD and LOQ for dieckol were 0.18 and 0.56 ㎍/mL, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision values of dieckol were approximately 1.58-4.39% and 1.37-4.64%, respectively. Moreover, intra- and inter-day accuracies of dieckol were approximately 96.91-102.33% and 98.41-105.71%, respectively. Thus, we successfully validated the analytical method for estimating dieckol content in E. stolonifera extract.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.243-248
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• 2022

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding the whole crop rice silage (WCRS) which partially replaces the imported grass hay crop on the milking performance of Holstein and profitability. Two experimental diets were used according to the traditional practice of dairy farms. The control diet (C) was composed of 13kg/day of mixed hay, 6.8kg/day concentrate, and orchardgrass/bermudagrass hay (1.8kg/day). The treatment diet (T) was composed of 9.6kg/day of mixed hay, 6.8kg/day of concentrate and 2.2kg/day of WCRS. The CP content of the WCRS (4.6%) was lower than orchardgrass (11.3%) and bermudagrass hay (8.4%) due to the harvest being 30days later than the optimum harvest date of rice. The lower intake was observed in T during the entire experiment period which seems to be related to the higher proportion of fiber in rice (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in milk production between C (26.9kg) and T (26.3kg) during the entire experiment period (p>0.05). Also, no difference in milk fat, milk protein, total solids, and milk composition was observed between the two diets. Higher income per head was resulted in T (21,141won) compared to C (21,915 won). These results indicate that the partial replacement of the grass hay by the WCRS can bring the profit to the dairy farm due to the no difference between the control diet and the treatment diet.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2023

Weeds are one of the factors that reduce crop yield through nutrient and photosynthetic competition. Quantification of weed density are an important part of making accurate decisions for precision weeding. In this study, we tried to quantify the density of weeds in images of maize fields taken by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). UAV image data collection took place in maize fields from May 17 to June 4, 2021, when maize was in its early growth stage. UAV images were labeled with pixels from maize and those without and the cropped to be used as the input data of the semantic segmentation network for the maize detection model. We trained a model to separate maize from background using the deep learning segmentation networks DeepLabV3+, U-Net, Linknet, and FPN. All four models showed pixel accuracy of 0.97, and the mIOU score was 0.76 and 0.74 in DeepLabV3+ and U-Net, higher than 0.69 for Linknet and FPN. Weed density was calculated as the difference between the green area classified as ExGR (Excess green-Excess red) and the maize area predicted by the model. Each image evaluated for weed density was recombined to quantify and visualize the distribution and density of weeds in a wide range of maize fields. We propose a method to quantify weed density for accurate weeding by effectively separating weeds, maize, and background from UAV images of maize fields.