• Journal of Labour Economics
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-30
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• 2007

Using the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study 2001 (KLIPS 2001), this paper examines gender differences in the return to education in Korea. On average, there is little difference in return to education between male and female workers. However, this paper provides evidence that the impact of education on wages is greater for female workers compared to that for male workers using three different estimation strategies. First, a simple cohort analysis shows that the estimated returns to education for male and female workers have different patterns by age cohort and this is the main reason we observe little gap in average returns to education between men and women. Second, we find that college degree has a significant impact on women's labor market outcomes, while there is little gain for men in terms of wage levels by having college degree. Finally, when controlling unobservable individual ability level with test scores, education has no significant impact on male workers' wage levels, while the impact of education on wages is considerably large for female workers. All three findings support that the impact of education on labor market outcomes is greater for female workers compared to that for male workers as many researchers have found in other OECD countries.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.539-548
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• 2009

This work aims to highlight the importance and role of the theme and message of BIE exhibitions in the 21th century, and to suggest essential points concerning the preparation of the Expo 2012 Yeosu which would focus on the theme and urban development. After the Expo '98 Lisbon, the theme and message of Expo has been changed from focusing on the progress of technology itself to rethinking of progress itself and focusing on the future of the globe. This change also reflects the need to solve the problems of global environment problem in today's human society and to pursue the new technology which enable to make sure sustainable development. Because the Expo Yeosu, whose theme is the sea and coast, is compared to case of Expo Lisbon whose theme is ocean, we need to make a benchmarking the case of the Expo Lisbon and to make efforts to differenciate the case of the Expo Lisbon. This article suggests concerning the theme and urban development plan of the Expo Yeosu as follows: First, to propose current and future cutting edge technology to utilize the resources of the ocean and the coast and to propose the Yeosu Project, a capacity-building program designed to address various challenges confronting developing countries. Second, to propose a different urban redevelopment plan of capital Lisbon, ie to propose sea port cities network to link the advent of the Namhaeansidae.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.53-77
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• 2012

Financial firms, especially large scaled firms such as KB bank, NH bank, Samsung Card, Hana SK Card, Hyundai Capital, Shinhan Card, etc. should be securely dealing with the personal financial information. Indeed, people have tended to believe that those big financial companies are relatively safer in terms of information security than typical small and medium sized firms in other industries. However, the recent incidents of personal information privacy invasion showed that this may not be true. Financial firms have increased the investment of information protection and security, and they are trying to prevent the information privacy invasion accidents by doing all the necessary efforts. This paper studies how effectively a financial firm will be able to avoid personal financial information privacy invasion that may be deliberately caused by internal staffs. Although there are several literatures relating to information security, to our knowledge, this is the first study to focus on the behavior of internal staffs. The big financial firms are doing variety of information security activities to protect personal information. This study is to confirm what types of such activities actually work well. The primary research model of this paper is based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) that describes the rational choice of human behavior. Also, a variety of activities to protect the personal information of financial firms, especially credit card companies with the most customer information, were modeled by the four-step process Security Action Cycle (SAC) that Straub and Welke (1998) claimed. Through this proposed conceptual research model, we study whether information security activities of each step could suppress personal information abuse. Also, by measuring the morality of internal staffs, we checked whether the act of information privacy invasion caused by internal staff is in fact a serious criminal behavior or just a kind of unethical behavior. In addition, we also checked whether there was the cognition difference of the moral level between internal staffs and the customers. Research subjects were customer call center operators in one of the big credit card company. We have used multiple regression analysis. Our results showed that the punishment of the remedy activities, among the firm's information security activities, had the most obvious effects of preventing the information abuse (or privacy invasion) by internal staff. Somewhat effective tools were the prevention activities that limited the physical accessibility of non-authorities to the system of customers' personal information database. Some examples of the prevention activities are to make the procedure of access rights complex and to enhance security instrument. We also found that 'the unnecessary information searches out of work' as the behavior of information abuse occurred frequently by internal staffs. They perceived these behaviors somewhat minor criminal or just unethical action rather than a serious criminal behavior. Also, there existed the big cognition difference of the moral level between internal staffs and the public (customers). Based on the findings of our research, we should expect that this paper help practically to prevent privacy invasion and to protect personal information properly by raising the effectiveness of information security activities of finance firms. Also, we expect that our suggestions can be utilized to effectively improve personnel management and to cope with internal security threats in the overall information security management system.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.285-288
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• 2008

To examine the infection status of freshwater fish with Gnathostoma spp. larvae in Myanmar, we purchased 15 snakeheads, Channa striatus, from a local market in a suburban area of Naypyidaw, the new capital city. Two larval gnathostomes were collected using an artificial digestion technique, and observed by a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The size of an intact larva was 2.65 mm long and 0.32 mm wide. The characteristic morphology of the larvae included the presence of a long esophagus (0.80 mm long), 2 pairs of cervical sacs (0.43 mm long), and a characteristic head bulb with 4 rows of hooklets. The number of hooklets in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th row was 45, 48, 50, and 52, respectively. Based on these morphological characters, the larvae were identified as the advanced 3rd-stage larvae of Gnathostoma spinigerum. This is the first report of detection of G. spinigerum 3rd-stage larvae in the central part of Myanmar. Our study suggests that intake of raw meat of snakehead fish in Myanmar may result in human gnathostomiasis.

• Land and Housing Review
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.281-290
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• 2014

This comparative analysis on the project scheme of property-led regeneration of UK and Japan aimed to suggest the implications for economy-based urban regeneration of Korea. Property-led regeneration attract private capital by deregulation and public investment since 1980s' neoliberalism. Its effectiveness for creating job and economic growth is demonstrated through last decades. The cases of property-led urban regeneration of 2000s, such as Stratford, King's Cross, Otemach and Shinonome, show decrease of public direct investment, promoting deregulation. It also proved that property-led urban regeneration has a great ripple effect to local economy. And the partnership among central and local governments, public development corporations, private developers and other local interest groups is emphasized for delivering successful urban regeneration. Especially, human empowerment of local government and responsibility of public organization are also required to deliver urban regeneration.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.143-156
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to examine the need for healthy families education in home economics subject. This study also purposed to find new education direction of healthy families education in home economics subjects helpful in leading healthy family life and provide basic data for organizing curriculum suitable to the purpose. The subject of this survey was targeted for 550 girl and boy juniors of high schools located in Seoul and the Capital area, and data were collected through questionnaire survey. The result of this survey is summarized as the following: First, Boy students need for healthy families education in home economics subject of high school students was 3.63, Girl students need for healthy families education in home economics subject of high school students was 3.66. Boy students needed was 'marriage and becoming parents', the highest need, followed by 'methods to talk with families', 'management of nutrition', 'household economy', 'management of clothes and residence', and 'home culture', Girl students needed was 'marriage and becoming parents', the highest need, followed by 'methods to talk with families', 'management of nutrition' 'home culture', 'household economy' and 'management of clothes and residence'. The need for healthy families education in home economics subject of high school students was 3.64, over the middle level. The area students needed was 'marriage and becoming parents', the highest need, followed by 'methods to talk with families', 'management of nutrition', 'household economy', 'management of clothes and residence' and 'home culture'. Second, the need for healthy families education in home economics subjects of high school students based on family background showed significant difference depending on department of school, family type, parents' academic background, parents' occupation and monthly household income.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.686-708
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• 2013

The goal of this investigation is to examine the matter as to how various cyberpolitical activities such as on-line civic participation, cyber parties, development and movement of civil society networks are appeared in cyberspace; and how political activities in cyberspace are associated with offline environment. This research was based on in-depth and open-ended interviews centering around 20s (32 interviewees) and the major results are as in the following. First, in terms of on-line civic participation, searching political issues occur in places, where internet users can access information easily relatively, and creating or reconstructing political information is identified in places giving stability or affinity to the public society. Second, even though each party's homepage for the channel of cyber parties has enough capacity as bridgespace, which takes charge of supporting f lows of people, goods, capital, and ideas, most of them don't play a role to establish virtual or real networks. Exceptively, cyber parties contribute to make temporalized places, where nobody takes the responsibility, somewhat. Third, the development and movement of civil society networks is divided into several segments according to political interests and tendency in online; furthermore, such a cyberpolitical activity influences human networks and the decision of major places for political activities in offline.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2017

Purpose - Since Korean distribution market was opened, the domestic environment in department stores has been changed by the pattern of consumption and consumer need based on income classes. As multilateral Free Trade Agreement (FTA) accelerates opening markets, the scale of circulating capital has become bigger. Large-scale commercial facilities have developed quickly as a form of a large shopping center, thus, the matter of choice and securing market area became an important valuable in this trend. Moreover, multi-complex space has been proposed as the goal of successful business with promoting the public benefit. Research design, data, and methodology - This research studied consumer behavior using data about the life style and sales of consumers, not statistical data or survey as previous studies. This research tried to find the differentiation in complex cultural space with consumption behavior of department store. Results - As the structure of society and culture was getting diverse and complex, economic growth and development with such diversity and complexity improved consumers' quality of life. The changes of consumer life style are quite natural like human instinct. Department stores have activated retail business with the products of accumulated technology. Moreover, they have created the space of consumption and culture. Because of these social and environmental changes, department stores are being developed as Multi-functional spaces as well as sale places considering the strategies of department and the changes of consumers' purchasing behaviors. Conclusions - Urban culture complex is a landmark standing for the culture era of 21st century. It has provided an opportunity for consumers to enjoy culture, and has been an important factor to improve company images. Based on these roles and needs, expectancy effects are related with consumer preference and space preference, and the attitude toward companies. Moreover, the expectancy effects from those relationships are getting bigger and bigger. We should respect nature, a characteristic of Korean architecture, maintain visual continuity that harmonies with nature in the development of the complex space of the domestic department stores, and should take significance in the development of the complex cultural space in the direction of feeling the hierarchy of the space to obtain the visual pleasure with the artificial structure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to describe quantitatively the characteristics and the structure of the Act on the development, management, etc. of Marinas (the Marinas Act) by analysing its provisions using semantic network analysis. The method of semantic network analysis has its advantages in overcoming limitations of the traditional content analysis method, as it is easy for the user to understand the structure and the shape of a network by figuring out the structural network among words. The object of the analysis is the full text of Marinas Act recently revised from Chapters 1 to 4, while partial analysis is carried out respectively for each chapter from Chapters 2 to 4. The structural characteristic of the Marinas Act shows that the act focuses on the development of marinas, as its main goal is interpreted to set up hardwares and to construct facilities rather than to promote the marina industry itself. Even though some clauses for human capital development and business development are included, they are of less importance compared to the development of marina facilities. This study provides some basic information on the structural characteristics of the current act, which can be referred to in subsequent studies. In the future, it also needs to be complemented through comparative analysis with government policy outcomes and performance of diverse analytical approaches.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.53-72
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• 2011

This study analyzes the effects of life course events and labor market conditions on the duration of career interruption among Korean women. The data were drawn from 'A Survey on the Women's Employment Interruption in Korea' conducted by the Korean Ministry of Gender Equality in 2009(currently the Korean Ministry of Gender Equality and Family). This study categorizes the duration of career interruption into three categories: (1) short term interruption(less than 12months), (2) short-medium term interruptio(12-35 months), (3) intermediate term interruption(36-59 months), (4) long term interruption(longer than 36 months), and then analyzes how demographic factors, labor market condition, and life events shape the timing of re-entry into the labor market among women. According to the findings, the jobs that are conducive to combining market work and mother's role expedite women's return to the labor market. Further, the younger, higher the level of human capital, and higher monthly wages that women earned before leaving the labor market, women are likely to experience short-term interruption(less than 12 months) rather than long-term interruption(longer than 60 months). Women who left from the labor market to care for kids are also likely to return to the labor market. However, women who have preschoolers are likely to experience long-term career interruption. These findings highlight the role of family supportive culture at the workplace in order for women to continue their employment while intensive family formation period. Furthermore, the finding that the discriminatory practices against women, in particular mother workers at the workplace lead women to exit from the market work calls for attention to establish family friendly workplace.