• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2018

We identified the main impacts, drivers, and restoration projects for Atlantic Forest in Northwest of the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The objective was to analyze the quantity, distribution, and causes of the environmental crimes in 2000-2014. To verify differences between degraded and restored areas, we performed a t-test; ANOVA for the municipalities with more quantity of crimes, simple linear regression analysis for the relationship between sizes of degraded areas and quantity of seedlings planted, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for environmental damages categories and population of the municipalities. The main environmental damages found were deforestation outside permanent preservation area (20%) and those related to Permanent Preservation Area (37%). Environmental crimes in these areas fall into two categories: native and exotic vegetation removal (17%), and impediment to natural regeneration (20%). The average size of the degraded areas was $5,359{\pm}526m^2$, while for restored areas was $3,337{\pm}255m^2$. The sizes of the degraded fragments were similar among the five municipalities with the higher number of environmental crimes (ANOVA: p>0.05, F=1.24; df=241). The number of seedlings planted was positively related to the sizes of the degraded fragments (p<0.001, $R^2=0.53$). Segregation between the less and the most populous municipalities was found with the PCA analysis along PC1 (51.7%), while PC2 represented 19.2% of the total variation. The most populous municipalities showed the highest number of environmental crimes, and the majority of degraded areas were recovered by planting native seedlings. Atlantic Forest fragments need to be recognized and preserved as an ecosystem with a unique ecological function by the population and public administration.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.499-507
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• 2021

This study compares the educational effect using real equipment, virtual reality, and video to improve the educational and training effect of the army and verifies which method of education is excellent. The Army has made a lot of efforts to realize the actual training environment, however, it is increasingly difficult to provide the actual training environment because of 1) restrictions on securing training sites and urbanization, 2) deepening conflicts with the people, and 3) difficulties in acquiring defense budget. To resolve these issues, the use of virtual reality(VR) has the advantage to experience actual battlefield indirectly and could save budget by training in a virtual battlefield environment. In particular, in the case of dangerous or expensive weapons systems, is further required. Hence this paper studies how effective virtual reality is compared to the actual weapons system. virtual reality(VR) education is less effective than actual equipment education, but it is higher than video education. Based on this research result, it will be used as a basic data for the analysis of educational effects based in virtual reality(VR).

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate basic data on the degree of parents' recognition and satisfaction with the use of environment-friendly agricultural products. The conclusions of this study are as follows. The survey on the use of environment-friendly products in households showed that 68.7% of the respondents used environment-friendly products at home. The frequency of purchasing organic products by household consumers showed that 25.1% of the respondents bought organic products one to two times per week. The most popular items of the environment-friendly agricultural products used were vegetables, comprising 63.9%. The households with more than 3,000,000 won of monthly income tended to consume more domestic livestock products (p < 0.05). In comparison to general agricultural products, environment-friendly agricultural products users showed higher satisfaction level with a better quality in term of safety, quality, nutrition, taste, appearance, diversity and price. The degree of satisfaction with safety was the highest ($3.8{\pm}0.68$), and price showed the lowest ($2.76{\pm}0.79$). The degree of parents' recognition of the governmental support for environment-friendly agricultural products showed that those who were aware of the supporting policy were 44.5%, but 55.5% of them didn't know about the fact that 46.6% of the respondents agreed that environment-friendly agricultural products should be used in more than 50% of the foods used for school food service. The respondents pointed out that vegetables (45%) sprayed with pesticide are the most urgent food item that need to be replaced by environment-friendly farm products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.726-738
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• 2019

This study examined the dietary behaviors and dietary quality of high school students according to the number of times they skipped breakfast. A total of 474 high school students (225 boys and 249 girls) residing in Incheon participated in this survey. The subjects were divided into the three groups according to the frequency of eating breakfast; Regualr (eating breakfast everyday, n=226), Irregualar (eating breakfast 1~6 times/week, n=143, and Skipping (skipping breakfast everyday, n=105). The dietary quality was assessed using a nutrient quotient for adolescents (NQ-A). A higher monthly allowance and a higher rate of working mothers were significantly associated with a higher frequency of skipping breakfast. A higher intake frequency of processed beverages, and street food was significantly associated with a higher frequency of skipping breakfast. Students who had a higher rate of breakfast skipping had significantly lower intake frequency of fruits, white milk, bean and bean products, and fish. The high frequency of skipping breakfast among high school students was associated with lower dietary quality, as illustrated by the low total NQ-A score and sub group score including balance, environment, and practice. This information can inform efforts to provide nutrition education program to promote breakfast consumption and guidelines to students who skipped breakfast frequently.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.3
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• pp.5-20
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• 1993

This study was aimed to investigate the actual condition of the performance of the occupational health nursing services, and to analyze a main cause which affects on the execution of its duties for occupational health nurses in occupational group health service. It had been surveyed by responsed data from the 105 respondents out of 180 persons. The results were as follows : 1. In performance of occupational health nursing services by the number of assigned plant, participation rate of health examination tended to significantly increase with decreasing the number of assigned and it was observed that the visiting rate of every month was also significantly higher on touring inspection of work plant, recommendation of facility improvement for work environment, understanding the modification of manufacturing process, and inspection of welfare and sanitation facilities. 2. While they executed their nursing services according to duration of service, the more, their duration of service was, the higher, participation rate of health examination, health check in returning to work for injured workers, talk with other health managers on promoting welfare, service evaluation for a year plan, record of health statistic, and experience of first aid service were. And it was found out that the visiting rate of every month was also significantly higher on touring inspection of work plant. 3. In regard to occupational health nursing services by age, the participation rate of health examination and the experience of first aid service were significantly higher as the age increased. And also the visiting rate of every month was significantly higher on touring inspection of work plant, compared with young ones. 4. In performance of occupational health nursing services by the time required visiting plant, The shorter, the time required visiting plant was, the higher, the visiting rate of every month was, on time of health consultation for diseased workers, and inspection of welfare and sanitation facilities. 5. The subjects of health education were mostly liver disease and occupational hearing loss and video tape was used mostly in health education, monthly health education was the highest in 1-3 times(74.5%) and its duration was the highest in about 60 minutes(33.3%). 6. Vaccination of hepatitis among the specific health services was the highest accounting for 64.7%.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of peer tutoring and feedback on academic learning in university mathematics. We compared subject satisfaction and academic achievement between the test group and the control group. We classified the test group(82 participants) and the control group(134 non-participants) and then applied peer tutoring and feedback to the test group. The rest of the environment was the same except for participation in the program. According to results, it was confirmed that the subject satisfaction were significantly higher(significance level .05) in the test group, where the subject satisfaction were learning objectives and expectation, learning satisfaction, and learning effect. Furthermore, in the change of academic achievement, the rate of decrease was lower and the rate of increase was higher in the test group than the control group. The satisfaction of participants was 4.33(Likert scale 5), and this trend tended to be same regardless of gender, high school course, or admission process.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.617-627
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and depression on the life satisfaction of the rural elderly. The research subjects of this study were 1,000 people aged 65 years and over living in the rural areas of Korea. The data were collected using a questionnaire with direct interviews and analyzed using SPSS ver. 18.0 for Windows. The results of this study were as follows: First, the rural elderly's depression was affected by the IADL, cost of living, education level, and farming variables. The higher the IADL, the more sufficient the cost of living, the higher the education level and the more the farming time that the rural elderly had, the lower was the level of depression that they had. Second, the life satisfaction of the rural elderly was affected by the cost of living, depression, IADL, need for life services, and gender. The more sufficient the cost of living, the lower the level of depression, the higher the IADL, the less the need for life services, the higher was the life satisfaction that they experienced. Third, the results of the path analysis revealed that life satisfaction was influenced both directly and indirectly. The factors that affected life satisfaction directly were the cost of living, IADL, need for life services, and gender. The factors that affect life satisfaction indirectly were the IADL, cost of living, education level, and farming. Among them, farming and education level influenced life satisfaction indirectly through the parameter variables of depression.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.507-525
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• 2018

This study examines the consumer empowerment index for Chinese elderly consumers, the impact of socio-demographic variables, exposure to mass media, and communication about consumption on consumer empowerment. The consumer empowerment index is composed of three factors: consumer knowledge, consumer attitude, and consumer skill. Data were collected from 301 Chinese elderly consumers aged 60 to 80 years old via a professional online survey firm. The findings of the analysis were described using frequency, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. The results are as follows. First, the average of consumer knowledge was 35.69 points out of 100, consumer skill was 65.71 points, and consumer attitude was 68.87 points. Second, socio-demographic variables indicated that education level, previous occupation, type of residence and communication about consumption impact consumer empowerment. Elderly consumers with higher education had higher consumer attitudes and better overall consumer empowerment than those with lower education. Consumers who were self-employed workers had higher consumer skills than those of technical or service workers. Elderly consumers who live alone had higher consumer skills than those who live in a nursing home. Third, according to communication about consumption, family communication is positively associated with consumer attitudes, skills and overall empowerment, while friend communication is positively associated with consumer attitudes and overall empowerment. The findings of this study are useful in developing guidelines that help the government make consumer education systems for the elderly who want to improve consumer empowerment levels evenly among these factors.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.613-625
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• 2021

Non-seismically designed eccentric reinforced concrete beam-column joints were extensively used in existing reinforced concrete frame buildings, which were found to be vulnerable to seismic action in many incidences. To provide a fundamental understanding of the seismic performance and failure mechanism of the joints, three 2/3-scale exterior beam-column joints with non-seismically designed details were cast and tested under reversed cyclic loads simulating earthquake excitation. In this investigation, particular emphasis was given on the effects of the eccentricity between the centerlines of the beam and the column. It is shown that the eccentricity had significant effects on the damage characteristics, shear strength, and displacement ductility of the specimens. In addition, shear deformation and the strain of joint hoops were found to concentrate on the eccentric face of the joint. The results demonstrated that the specimen with an eccentricity of 1/4 column width failed in a brittle manner with premature joint shear failure, while the other specimens with less or no eccentricity failed in a ductile manner with joint shear failure after beam flexural yielding. Test results are compared with those predicted by three seismic design codes and two non-seismic design codes. In general, the codes do not accurately predict the shear strength of the eccentric joints with non-seismic details.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.343-351
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• 2010

Since the effect of environmental education at class using textbooks or materials related to environment is limited, the importance of activities for field experience is getting increased day by day. Thereby, the education tends to change into the type of education providing students with direct environmental experience. Students attending the science high school have excellent aptitude and ability for science and will lead the development of science in the future. Now it is urgent to develop various experiential programs which are helpful for them to establish desirable values on environment. However, the field of environmental education that allows science high school students equipped with ample environmental knowledge to improve environment sensitivity and have proper environment awareness is quite restricted as of now. Natural exploration activities are the programs which provide science high school students having lack of chance for environmental education with good opportunities to contact nature and also play significant roles in arousing their interest in issues related with environment. Therefore, it is thought that they will let science high school students explore the natural features of Korea, understand the importance of preserving environment and ecosystem profoundly, and encourage environmental awareness and will of environmental practice. Thereupon, with the study subjects of 121 first and second graders at U Science High School, this article analyzed their recognition of the necessity for environmental education and environmental pollution problems before and after the natural exploration activities, and conducted a survey on their satisfaction after the natural exploration activities and analyzed it. The result of this research is as follows. First, it was shown that the natural exploration activities were effective to raise the science high school students' awareness of issues related with environmental pollution. Second, the natural exploration activities had effect upon enhancing the students' willingness of environmental practice. Third, there was statistically significant correlation between the science high school students' satisfaction with the natural exploration activities and their achievement in the science subject. Fourth, there also was a statistically non or weakness significant correlation between their satisfaction with the natural exploration activities and preference for the science subject. In particular, it was found that students preferring biology indicated higher satisfaction.