• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.246-257
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• 2016

Objectives The Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) measures the Yin-Yang temperament of Sasang typology with proven structural and clinical validity in adults, however it was not examined with teenagers. The purpose of this study was to validate the biopsychological structure of SPQ in middle school students.Methods 681 Korean high school students (356 boys and 325 girls) completed SPQ, Junior version of Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI), and height and weight measures. The correlation between SPQ and JTCI subscales were examined, and the differences of SPQ and JTCI subscales, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Pondera Index (PI) among high (30%), middle (40%), and low (30%) SPQ total score groups were investigated with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The profile analysis was also performed to compare JTCI subscale profiles of three SPQ total score groups.Results The SPQ score was significantly (p<0.001) correlated positively with JTCI Novelty-Seeking and negatively with JTCI Harm-Avoidance. The JTCI Novelty-Seeking score of high SPQ group was significantly (p<0.001) higher than that of low SPQ group, and the JTCI Harm-Avoidance score of low SPQ group was significantly higher than that of high SPQ group. The JTCI subscale profiles for three SPQ groups were significantly different for boys and girls. Significant correlations or differences for the PI and BMI among SPQ groups were not found.Conclusions This study presented that the biopsychological structure of SPQ is robust as shown in adults. The SPQ would be a useful clinical measures of Sasang typology in pediatric patients.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2018

Objectives The Eum-Yang (Yin-Yang in English) temperament was shown to have clinical and structural validity with Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), however the studies of the association with behavior problems and personality structure in adolescents were not satisfactory. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between Eum-Yang temperament and behavior problems in Korean middle school students. Methods 122 first grader of middle school students (68 boys and 54 girls) completed SPQ, Junior version of Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI), and Youth Self Report (YSR). The correlations between SPQ, JTCI, and YSR subscales were investigated. And, also the differences between SPQ, JTCI, and YSR subscales among Yang (high 30% of SPQ total score) and Eum (low 30% of SPQ total score) temperament groups classified with SPQ total score were examined. Results The SPQ total score were correlated with Novelty-Seeking (r=.321) and Reward-Dependence (r=.392) in boys, and with Novelty-Seeking (r=.427) and Harm-Avoidance (r=-.444) in girls. The SPQ total score were not significantly correlated with Body Mass Index, Ponderal Index and YSR total, however significantly correlated with YSR Internalizing problems and Withdrawal/depressed subscale (r=-.242 and r=-.419) in boys and Withdrawal/depressed subscale (r=-.449) in girls. There were significant differences between Eum and Yang groups in Novelty-Seeking, Harm-Avoidance and Withdrawal/depressed as for boys and girls. Conclusions The biopsychological structure of SPQ was confirmed with middle school students. The behavioral (SPQ-B) and emotional (SPQ-E) perspectives of Eum-Yang were found to be protective and risk factors, and also correlated with Externalizing and Internalizing behavior problems, respectively. The biopsychological characteristics of Eum-Yang temperament and its relation with psychopathological symptoms in late-childhood should be carefully analyzed.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제14권1호_spc
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• pp.391-407
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 독일 청소년과 한국 청소년의 기질 및 성격 특성을 비교문화적 관점에서 비교하고자 하였다. 이 목적을 위하여 만 12-18세의 715명의 독일 청소년 (M=14.70, SD=1.80)과 1411명의 한국 청소년들(M=15.18, SD=1.69)이 청소년용 기질 및 성격검사를 통해 관찰되었다. t-검증 결과, '자기초월' 척도를 제외하곤 나머지 6개의 전 기질 및 성격척도에서 독일과 한국 청소년 집단간 유의한 차이가 발견되었다. 그러나 집단의 크기가 클 경우 작은 평균 차이에도 통계적 유의한 결과가 나오는 점을 고려하여 크기 효과를 검증하는 effect size를 분석하였을 때, 기질 차원에서는 위험회피에서, 성격차원에서는 자율성 척도에서만 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 즉, 한국 청소년 집단이 독일청소년 집단에 비해 억제와 불안 차원의 높은 위험회피 기질 특성과 아울러 자기수용, 자기신뢰, 목적의식, 유능감 차원에서 낮은 자율성 성격특성을 나타내었다. 두 문화에 나타난 성차를 effect size를 통해 분석하였을 때는, 독일과 한국청소년 집단 모두에서 여성 청소년이 남성 청소년보다 사회적 민감성 기질 특성이 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 나타난 결과는 동양과 서양을 비교하는데 사용되는 개인주의와 집단주의의 틀에서 논의되었으며 각 문화권의 교육정책 및 사회적 분위기와도 관련지어 살펴보는 것이 제안되었다.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.249-261
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• 2017

This study grasps the structural relationships between temperament, social support, and school adjustment by adolescents as well as investigates the mediating effect of positive psychological capital from relationships between temperament, social support, and school adjustment. Participants in this study consisted of 763 students in the second grade of five middle schools. Productive correlation analysis were conducted on data collected for this study using PASW statistics ver. 18.0 program; in addition, structural equation modeling analysis was conducted using AMOS ver. 18.0 program. The main findings are as follows. Paths appeared in different ways according to the investigation of mediating effect of positive psychological capital under the impact of temperament and social support on school adjustment of adolescents. Investigation showed that harm avoidance temperament had a statistically significant indirect effect on school adjustment with a medium of positive psychological capital. Novelty seeking temperament and persistence temperament had a direct impact on the school adjustment of adolescents; however, it appeared to also indicate an indirect impact through a medium of positive psychological capital. Social support seemed to indicate a direct impact on school adjustment of adolescents as well as an indirect impact through a medium of positive psychological capital. This study provides basic data to help in the school adjustment of adolescents using personal, environmental, and psychological variables that proves the importance of positive psychological capital in adolescence.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was designed to develope and test the structural model that explains alcohol consumption behaviors among university students in Republic of Korea. The hypothetical model was constructed on the basis of the literature review and Pender's Health promotion model. Data was collected from questionnaires from 512 university students in Republic of Korea, from August to September, 2000. The reliability of instruments was adequate (Cronbach's alpha= .69-.90). Data analysis was done with SAS 6.12 for descriptive statistics and LISREL 8.13 program for covariance structural analysis. The results are as follows; 1. The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate. Thus it was modified by male and female models. 2. The revised model has become parsimonious and had a better fit to the empirical data (male: χ2=87.21 p=.00, GFI=.97, AGFI= .94, NFI=.99, NNFI=1.0, CN=619.17, female: χ2=49.29 p=.31, GFI=.45, AGFI= .95, NFI=.99, NNFI=1.0, CN=370.02). 3. Self-efficacy was most significant factor and personality of novelty seeking, reward compensation, alcohol expectancy and drinking attitude have significant effects on male alcohol consumption behavior. 4. Personality of novelty seeking was most significant factor and personality of harm avoidance, friend influence, self-efficacies, alcohol expectancy and drinking attitude have significant effects on female alcohol consumption behavior.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.261-267
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric structure of Sasang typology with four personality measures and examine the construct validity of Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). We measured biopsychological traits of 104 university students using SPQ, Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), NEO-Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) and Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). The construct validity of SPQ was analyzed with TCI, NEO-PI and MBTI using Pearson's correlation. The temperament features of each Sasang groups were compared with Analysis of Variance and Profile Analysis. The SPQ showed significant correlation with TCI Novelty-Seeking (r=.398), TCI Harm-Avoidance (r=-.333), TCI Reward-Dependence (r=.465), TCI Self-Directedness (r=0.340), NEO-PI Extraversion (r=0.489) and MBTI Extraversion-Introversion (r=-0.509). The SPQ, TCI and NEO-PI revealed significant differences between Sasang constitutional groups. We examined the temperament construct of the Sasang typology and the validity of SPQ with well established western biopsychosocial instruments. This study would contribute to the objective studies on the biopsychosocial mechanism of Sasang medicine.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.181-191
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the drinking status and to identify the impacts of depression, temperament, characteristic on drinking status in the vocational high school students. Methods: By using stratified sampling, 416 vocational high school students in Gangwon Do were selected and surveyed through self -administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 using $x^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Results: 88% of students had experienced of drinking. Depression was observed 59.1% of students from light to severe depression score. There was a positive correlation among drinking, the school records, novelty seeking, reward dependence and persistence. Also, there was a negative correlation among drinking, economic status, harm avoidance. The significant predictors of drinking were school records, depression, novelty seeking and persistence. Conclusion: These results suggest that vocational high school students who have the factors identified in this study are regarded as having the potential to drink. The results of this study can provide the information for the development of the health promotion program.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2008

Objective : This study investigated the temperament and character traits associated with suicide attempts in patients with mood disorders. Methods : The temperament and character inventory (TCI) was administered to 150 patients who visited psychiatric clinics seeking treatment for mood symptoms. The patients were divided into three groups as follows : non-suicide ideation, suicide ideation and suicide attempt. We also gathered socio-economic data in order to rule out confounding variables. MANOVA was performed to analyze differences in personal temperament and character scores on the TCI between the three groups. Results : The self-directedness and cooperativeness subscales of the TCI are most influenced by the clinical symptoms rated by Beck Suicide Ideation Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. In the temperament scale, the suicide attempt group scored higher on the novelty seeking and harm avoidance items than the other two groups. The specific temperaments associated with suicidal behavior in patients with depression are impulsivity (NS2) and anticipatory anxiety or pessimism (HA1). Conclusion : In this study, we found that more risky patients who had previously attempted suicide had a temperament of impulsivity or pessimism. This finding suggests that a more cautious approach is needed to assess mood disorder patients with impulsive or pessimistic temperaments in order to prevent suicide attempts.

• 아동학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.57-77
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• 2016

Objective: This study examined the influences of general characteristics, temperament, social support, and emotional regulation on the positive psychological capital of adolescents. The data were collected from 672 middle school students living in Gwangju. Methods: Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analyses and hierarchical regression analyses. Results: Temperament best explained positive psychological capital. In terms of individual factors, self-emotion regulation had the greatest effect on positive psychological capital, followed by friend support, persistence temperament, others emotion regulation, academic achievement, harm avoidance temperament, gender, and family support, in that order. Conclusion: The results for the effects of temperament, social support and emotion regulation on adolescent's positive psychological capital highlights the important roles played by the temperament, social support, and emotion regulation in improving an adolescent's positive psychological capital. The study contributes to the literature by proving fundamental insights into an adolescent's psychological strengths and higher quality of life.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between personality of parent and offspring, and offspring's psychological adaptation. Methods: We examined temperament and character of 65 parents and their offspring (measured using the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory and Temperament and Character Inventory) and offspring's internalizing (anxiety, depression) and externalizing (delinquency, hyperactivity) problems. Results: The internalizing problems of offspring were positively associated with harm avoidance (HA) of offspring and parent, and negatively associated with self-directedness (SD) of offspring and parent. The externalizing problems of offspring were positively associated with novelty seeking of offspring, and were predicted by SD of parent. The interaction between parent's HA and offspring's HA predicted higher levels of anxiety of offspring. Conclusion: The association between the offspring's personality and internalizing and externalizing problems can depend on the personality of the parent.