• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.127-139
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to understand the preference of fashion materials according to the degree of consciousness and satisfaction of body. A survey was conducted using the randomly selected 439 woman students in the twenties. The consciousness variable had three levels which were lean, medium, and obese shape for each whole, upper and lower body with self-consciousness. Also, satisfaction variable had three levels which were satisfying, average, and unsatisfying group. We analyzed the data using analysis of correlation, crosstabulation analysis, and analysis of variance including Duncan multiple test. The results were as follows: 1) There was the positive correlation between height, leg, and arm length, and each variable, and the negative correlation between back, hip, thigh, waist, lower leg, ankle, and upper arm, and each variable. Also, we could observe the pattern that the larger the head or the more the weight was, the lower the satisfaction of body was. 2) There were no strong correlation between breast and hand size and each variable. From the crossed classification, we could observe the trend that the smaller the breast was, the lower the satisfaction of body was. 3) There were the strong correlation between whole and upper body in consciousness degree and between whole and lower body in satisfaction. 4) The consciousness of the whole body was shown lean shape 23.4%. medium shape 49.2%, and obese shape 27.2%. For the satisfaction degree of the whole body, satisfaction was shown 6.8%, average 41.7% and unsatisfaction 51.4%, so the satisfaction group is very small. 5) From the analysis for the consciousness degree of the whole body, the preferred fashion materials were polyester and acetate in casual wear, linen, polyester, acryl, T/W, and polyurethan in formal wear, and cotton, nylon, TIC, and T/W in sports wear. There was significant difference in casual wear, formal wear, and sports wear, but, not in underwear and accessories among he consciousness groups. 6) From the analysis for the satisfaction degree of the whole body, the preferred fashion materials were linen, silk, and acetate in casual wear, cotton in underwear, polyurethane in formal wear, and nylon in sports wear. There was the significant difference in casual wear, underwear, formal wear and sports wear, but, not in accessories among the satisfaction groups.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.3953-3962
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• 2009

To build up the marketing strategy and competitiveness which are suitable for hospital-annex skin care shop and independent skin care shop, 600 people, who are living in Gumi and Ulsan city, Gyung-Buk and also, clients of both skin care shop, were participated from Sept. 16th to Oct. 16th, 2009. The main clients of hospital-annex skin care shop were women in 20s, who have skin trouble with pimples, pores and sebum. On the other hand, the clients of independent skin care shop were mainly women in their 30s or 40s. They were housewives or self-employed. The reason to visit skin care shop was because of wrinkles or lack of elasticity. When they chose skin care shop, first of all, they considered the effect of the care and they wanted a licensed aesthetician to care their skin. In the aspect of sanitary facilities, equipments and the licensed aestheticians, the independent skin care shops were needed to be more improved than hospital-annex skin care shop. According to this survey, hospital-annex skin care shop and independent skin care shop need to provide differentiated service and this result would be the basis to have competitiveness. Also, in the future, more strategies and concrete method should be presented.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.590-596
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• 2015

The emergence and use of synthetic cannabinoids have greatly increased in recent years. These substances are easily dispensed over the internet and on the streets. Some synthetic cannabinoids were shown to have abuse liability and were subsequently regulated by authorities. However, there are compounds that are still not regulated probably due to the lack of abuse liability studies. In the present study, we assessed the abuse liability of three synthetic cannabinoids, namely JWH-030, JWH-175, and JWH-176. The abuse liability of these drugs was evaluated in two of the most widely used animal models for assessing the abuse potential of drugs, the conditioned place preference (CPP) and self-administration (SA) test. In addition, the open-field test was utilized to assess the effects of repeated (7 days) treatment and abrupt cessation of these drugs on the psychomotor activity of animals. Results showed that JWH-175 (0.5 mg/kg), but not JWH-030 or JWH-176 at any dose, significantly decreased the locomotor activity of mice. This alteration in locomotor activity was only evident during acute exposure to the drug and was not observed during repeated treatment and abstinence. Similarly, only JWH-175 (0.1 mg/kg) produced significant CPP in rats. On the other hand, none of the drugs tested was self-administered by rats. Taken together, the present results indicate that JWH-175, but not JWH-030 and JWH-176, may have abuse potential. More importantly, our findings indicate the complex psychopharmacological effects of synthetic cannabinoids and the need to closely monitor the production, dispensation, and use of these substances.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.327-336
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• 2010

The purposes of this study are to evaluate mechanical properties and sensibility of tencel jacquard fabrics treated with ginkgo biloba extract and silicon softener, and to contribute to the research and development of the bedclothes made of the tencel jacquard fabrics. Mechanical properties and objective fabric hand evaluation were measured by using KES-FB system. Subjective sensibilities such as sensory, touch, and purchasing preference were estimated by using blind field test. The tensile properties such as EM, WT, and RT of tencel jacquard fabrics treated with ginkgo biloba extract and silicon softener showed increase. Bending properties and shear properties were decreased, but compression properties were increased compared to untreated fabric. With ginkgo biloba extract and silicon softener treatment, thickness and weight were increased. Therefore, tencel jacquard fabrics became more stretchable, softer, and bulkier than untreated fabrics. Consequently, THV of tencel jacquard fabrics treated with ginkgo biloba extract and silicon softener were increased. When fabrics were treated sequentially with ginkgo biloba extract and silicon softener, fabrics were estimated softer, more flexible, and bulkier than untreated fabrics. Also, tencel jacquard fabrics treated with ginkgo biloba extract and silicon softener were estimated to have good touch and preference.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.346-353
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• 2012

This study was designed to investigate foreigner preferences for the sensory characteristics of kimchi with different fermentation periods. After fermentation in a 5 freezer for 1, 7, and 15 days, Red Chinese Cabbage Kimchi, White Chinese Cabbage Kimchi, Kkakdugi, Chonggak Kimchi, Cucumber Kimchi, Green Onion Kimchi, and Mustard Kimchi were served to the respondents. The respondents had resided in Seoul and Kyunggi province for 3 years or less, and were from Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. Most respondents (62.9%) consumed a Korean meal daily, and 45% of all respondents reported eating kimchi 3 or 4 times a week. As a result, it can be said that foreigners residing in Korea preferred to eat kimchi as a side dish. Based on the respondents answers, we were able to determine the relative popularity of the different types of kimchi. They were, from most popular to least popular, Red Chinese Cabbage Kimchi, Kkakdugi Kimchi, Cucumber Kimchi, White Chinese Cabbage Kimchi, Chonggak Kimchi, Green Onion Kimchi, and Mustard Kimchi. Among those fermented for 1 day, Cucumber Kimchi was most preferred for its. When evaluating the overall preference of Kimchi, the best was in the order of Chinese cabbage (red)>Kkakdugi>Cucumber>Chinese cabbage (white)>Chonggak>Green onion>Mustard Kimchi. For 1 day in a fermented period, Cucumber Kimchi had the most preferred taste (5.76), appearance (5.66), odor (5.89), and texture (5.70). However, Cucumber Kimchi was least popular after 15 days of fermentation (p<0.01). The most preferred Kimchi after 15 days of fermentation was Red Chinese Cabbage Kimchi. Among the kimchi fermented for 7 days, White Chinese Cabbage Kimchi was most preferred. While foreigners indicated that they were satisfied with all the types of kimchi fermented for 1 day and 15 days, they were not satisfied with any of the kimchi fermented for 7 days, save for the White Chinese Cabbage Kimchi. Kkakdugi Kimchi had very high satisfaction scores for appearance, but low scores in taste. On the other hand, Chinese Cabbage Kimchi had low scores in odor (5.02-5.29), but high in texture (5.37-5.62) and taste (4.80-5.30), which are not factors sensitive to a change in acidity. These results showed that foreigners were generally satisfied with Kimchi, but became less satisfied as the Kimchi ripened. Most foreigners were not satisfied with the types of Kimchi that had a strong flavor. Chinese Cabbage Kimchi became the least sour after fermentation, and Cucumber Kimchi became most sour after fermentation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.661-674
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• 2016

Despite a dramatic increase in the use of smartphones these days, the elderly's smartphone usage rate is relatively low. This is because there are some facts limiting the elderly's access to the smartphones: 1) aging in both physical and cognitive abilities and 2) complicated functions that are hard to see in the phones. In this study, we studied how Korean typography influence the elderly's legibility and extracted proper Korean typography factors that would best suit the elderly when they use the smartphones. As a result of the study and legibility evaluation for the 24 seniors over 65, we could witness the excellence of 13pt font size compared to 11 or 12 and the Serif typeface as being better than San Serif typeface. On the other hand, the space between the letters and lines did not make a big influence on the elderly's readability. From the preference evaluation, there were no differences found between Serif typeface and San Serif typeface. However, a bigger font size was preferred in the order of 13pt, 12pt, and 11pt. There was no difference in preference found regarding the space between the letters and the lines. We expect that proper Korean typography in smartphones could help the elderly in using the smartphones well.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.77
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• pp.239-258
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the legal standards of agreements on the origin of liability and the relevant laws in Korea, to suggest implications for custom authorities and traders wishing to benefit from preferential tariff via FTA, citing the excluded cases of related FTA preferences (court cases and administrative judgments). In order to examine the provisions related to supporting evidence of the origin of liability in FTA, we examined FTAs agreed between Korea and EU, EFTA, ASEAN, U.S., and India relevant to FTA Special Customs Act, court cases and administrative judgements. If verifying the origin to protect the fair trade order impedes to promote utilizing FTA, solutions will need to be suggested. If FTA preference is exempted due to verifying the origin by the import customs authorities, the importer shall pay the income tax calculated in accordance with the general tax rate. This is because the certificate of origin confirmed during verification process is different from the actual origin. In most agreements, the exporter (the producer) shall issue the certificate of origin and since the importer has no other option than obtaining the certificate of origin from the exporter, it may face consequences such as declined credibility from the custom authorities in addition to being disqualified for FTA preferential, if the certificate of origin received from the exporter has flaws. On the other hand, the exporter cannot help but being punished by the customs authorities due to issuing defective origin certificates, but it doesn't have conventionary liabilities for damages incurred to the importer. As a result, importers are forced to pursue legal proceedings to claim damages to exporters or to give up FTA preference. As FTA is increasingly utilized, the number and amount of origin verification in Korea has continuously been increasing while administrative judgements indicates other FTA exporters doesn't seem to gain any support in utilizing FTA like Korea does. It has been 8 years since full-scale supports in FTA launched and now is the time to introduce more efficient and intensive FTA support system In this regard, it is desirable to conduct comprehensive verification on export Next, an institutions that assures FTA-based exports should be established in order to compensate the importer's damages that may occur from disqualified certificate of origin issued by the exporter.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.17-27
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• 1987

The Namul is one of the most popular and fundamental foods in the Korean meal. The taste of NAMUL depends mostly on the seasonings put on which the salt concentration is the prevailing element of them. The purpose of this study is to investigate the optimum salt concentration by sensory evaluation. The amount of each seasoning except salt was reviewed and used following many food preparation books published. Four different concentrations of salt were added to make different salt concentrations of Namuls. The results of the study are following: 1. By reviewing the related publishments, the amount of seasoning used in 300g of cooked Namul were 15.5g of welsh onion, 7.9g of garlic, 9.0g of sesame, and 11.5g of welsh onion, 7.0g of garlic, 6.0g of sesame oil, 3.3g of sesame, 13.9g of sugar, 10.6g of vinegar and 5.6g of red pepper were the main seasonings for 300g of raw Namul. 2. The optimum salt concentration of cooked Nanul was 1.412% and that of raw Namul was 1.368%. 3. The salt concentration had no effect on the texture within the salt concentrations ranges of 0.84% through 1.89% in Platycodon Namul, Radish Namul, Soybean sprouts Namul, Pumpkin Namul, Raw Radish Namlll, Raw Cucumber Namu1. 4. The more the amount of soy sauce increases, the more the palatability drops. Platycodon and Cucumber Namuls had preference of color when the amount of soy sauce added was 0.8%∼l.0% of the Namul. On the other hand, Spinach Namul had the preference up to 4.8% of the Namul. 5. The overall taste of cooked Namul was considered to be the test in the salt concentrations 1.223%∼l.513%, while that of raw Namul was considered to be best in 1.183%∼1.373% of salt concentration. 6. According to the sensory evaluation, there was a tendency that the overall taste of Namul is consistent with the preferance of saltiness in Namul.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.20
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• pp.151-167
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to systematize the theory of the Fashion Marketing and merchandi-sing system as well as the strategy for the Mar-keting based on the related variable. Furthermore, this study deals with development of the mark-eting strategy to the relation between consumers and industry. The content conclusion on the research can be outlined as follows : 1. In order to inverstigate how the life-style of consumers affects their sense of fashion, awa-reness of brand, and decision making process of purchase, the life-style of women consumers is classified into 15 types. (1) Acording to the different life-style types, and important difference is found in the consum-ers' sense of clothes, a unique image of outfit and its own favorite image of womanliness. (2) The consumer's awareness of a particular brand has a reasonable relationship with their brand preference and possession of the brands. (3) Their is an important discrimination acco-rding to the life-style types in their brand awar-eness and preference and possesion of brands. (4) The consumers of each life-style type show noticeable difference in the decision making pro-cess of purchase including he motive of purchase, the source of information, the cause of purchase intention, price, the frequency of purchase and the degree of satisfaction of purchased goods. 2. The merchandising system and the market positioning among the fashion industry are compared and analyzed in the following terms ; (1-1) For the purpose of establishing the target market strategy, the industry uses unreasenalbe methods to analyze the life-style of the target customers and the real customers(36%) and the aging phenomenon of brands is remarkable : as much as 37% of brands show over 5 years-old age gap. (1-2) The price setting process depends highly on the cost-plus approach. (1-3) In color planning, too many colors are used in every season(the average number is 22.3) and the investigation of the consumers' favorite color is neglected. (1-4) The manufacturers of successful brands are much likely to employ the textile designer and allow them to develop the various fabrication. (1-5) The regular rate of sales in each season is extremely low(56.04%) : the rate of the succ-essful brands is relatively high at 65%, but that of the unsuccessful as low as 51%. (1-6) 47% of brands reveal the designer-orie-nted fashion merchandising system. The successful brands, on the other hand, show a high rate of merchandiser oriented system. (2) Since the brand positioning is highly cen-tered on each brand image, styles and target age, the new data are presented in this study for the new market development. (3) To set up the target market, the mapping of images between the differentiated market and the consumers is suggersted according to the market positioning of industry and 15 types of the life-styles of consumers.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2017

Objectives : The use of health functional foods is gradually increasing. On the other hand, the use of the Korean herbal medicine is gradually decreasing. Especially children are known to have a high percentage of taking a health functional food. This study was designed to compare the use of health functional food with the reason for taking the Korean herbal medicine. Methods : The participants were 453 parents who have kids age between 3 to 6 years old from day care center in Wonju and Chungju. The questionnaire consisted of 17 questions and the survey was conducted by self-entry method. This study analyzed 374 participants' questionnaires who agreed to the survey. Results : The percentages of children's health functional food intake experience were 82.9% and they usually bought products which contain lactic acid bacteria(55.6%). The reason for consuming health functional food was to strengthen the immune system and enhance the physical strength. Most of the participants purchased health functional food from pharmacy through inaccurate information such as the internet. The percentages of children's health functional food preference were 58.5% because it is easy to take. The percentages of children's herbal medicine preference were 41.7%. There are inconveniences of taking herbal medicine because of taste and smell(68.8%). Conclusions : Therefore, it is necessary to change the formulation of the herbal medicine and increase convenience for use of the herbal medicine to preschooler(3-6 years old). In additionary, it is necessary to supply accurate and up to date information of herbal medicine taking.