• 사상체질의학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.136-153
• /
• 2017

Objectives This experimental study was designed to investigate the effect of Phaseolus angularis shell on metabolic syndrome. Methods Each 5 C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to normal diet group, high-fat diet(HFD) control group, high-fat diet plus 15.6 mg/kg/day of Orlistat(HFD-Orlistat) group, high-fat diet plus 100mg/kg/day of Phaseolus angularis shell extract(HFD-PAS_E) group. Weight, the blood chemical and hematologic parameter was med. The mRNA expression was assayed through Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results In HFD-PAS_E group, the body weight gain, weight of liver, and the level of LDL-Cholesterol were significantly decreased and the level of HDL-Cholesterol were significantly increased. The size of adipocyte in HFD-PAS_E group was smaller than HFD group's. In HFD-PAS_E group, the expression of leptin, PPAR-${\gamma}$, AP2/FABP4 mRNA in liver adipocyte tissue was decreased, the expression of Adiponectin, UCP-2 mRNA in liver adipocyte tissue was increased and the expression of Leptin, C/EBP-a, AP2/FABP4 mRNA in epididymal adipocyte tissue was decreased. Conclusion These results suggest that Phaseolus angularis shell has inhibitory effects on metabolic syndrome by reducing the body weight and the levels of lipid contents in high-fat-diet induced obese mice.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.282-287
• /
• 2019

In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of various mixtures of Atractylodes macrocephala (AM) and Amomum villosum (AV) water extracts on high-fat diet (HFD) induced mouse model. We classified five groups as follows; control, HFD, HFD + AM extracts : AV extracts (100mg/kg) (1:1), HFD + AM extracts : AV extracts (100mg/kg) (2:1), HFD + AM extracts : AV extracts (100mg/kg) (3:1). Oral administration of various mixtures of AM and AV extracts for 6 weeks inhibited HFD-induced increases of body, liver and epididymal fat weights. Also, lipid profiles including LDL cholesterol were improved by various mixtures of AM and AV extracts treatment compared with HFD-fed group. Lipogenesis-related genes such as acetyl coA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in liver changed in a favorable way for lipid biosynthesis by HFD compared to control, but various mixtures of AM and AV extracts-treated groups did not. Our results show that various mixtures of AM and AV extracts can prevent HFD-induced obesity in mice and suggests that the mechanisms are involved in expressions and modifications of lipogenesis-related genes such as ACC and FAS in liver.

• 한방비만학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2016

Objectives: The prevalence of obesity continues rise and obesity and metabolic syndrome is a major problem in global health care. Animal models are used in the drug discovery of novel treatment for obesity. One of common models of obesity is a high fat diet induced obesity in a C5BL/6 mouse, and the development of obesity and glucose tolerance in mouse model is different according to period of diet. Therefore, this study was performed to observe the development of obesity and glucose tolerance during a high fat diet (HFD). Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice, 5 weeks of age, were fed on a standard chow diet as a normal diet (18 kcal% fat) or a HFD (60 kcal% fat) for up to 16 weeks. The various factors related with obesity and insulin resistance were measured at 8, 12, and 16 weeks. Results: The weights of body and epididymal fat were gradually increased for 8~16 weeks, however the change of hyperglycaemia and glucose tolerance have shown different with that of body weight. Blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were increased more clearly at week 12 and 16 than week 8. Lipid accumulation of liver and body temperature were also significantly increased at week 16, compared with normal group. Conclusions: The developments of obesity and related factors were different by a HFD period in a C57BL/6 obese mice. This result suggests that the development of obesity with glucose tolerance and liver lipid may induce clearly by a HFD for 16 weeks.

• 한방비만학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.101-110
• /
• 2017

Objectives: In this study, the lipolytic effects of Eriobotrya folium extract (EFE) on local fat was investigated in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods: C57BL/6J mice (5 weeks) were fed HFD for 6 weeks to induce obesity. EFE (20 mg/ml, $100{\mu}l$) or saline ($100{\mu}l$) as a normal control was injected into left inguinal fat pad region, 3 times per a week for last 2 weeks. After sacrifice, body weight, and histological changes of the inguinal fat pad were evaluated. The expressions of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in inguinal fat pad were analyzed by Western blotting. Also, lipid accumulation and lipases release were determined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by oil red o staining. Results: EFE significantly reduced the weight of inguinal fat pad and the size of adipocytes in HFD-induced obesity mice compared to control. The treatment of EFE up-regulated the expressions of HSL and ATGL in inguinal fat pads of obesity mice, as well as 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, EFE inhibited the lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose dependent manner. Conclusions: EFE showed lipolytic effect on local fat of HFD-induced obesity mice by up-regulation of the lipases secretion. This suggests that EFE could be considered as anti-obese substance with lipolytic property on local fat.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.130-137
• /
• 2022

Objectives: Insulin resistance (IR) is major cause of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and adipokines (e.g., adiponectin, leptin, and resistin) play an important role in insulin sensitivity. Medicinal plants are frequently used for T2D treatment. This study investigates the effect of Artemisia annua L. (AA) extracts on adipokines in mice with high-fat-diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2D. Methods: We divided 60 mice into 12 groups (n = 5 per group): control, untreated T2D, treated T2D, and 9 other groups. T2D was induced in all groups, except controls, by 8 weeks of HFD and STZ injection. The treated T2D group was administered 250 mg/kg of metformin (MTF), while the nine other groups were treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of hot-water extract (HWE), cold-water extract (CWE), and alcoholic extract (ALE) of AA (daily oral gavage) along with 250 mg/kg of MTF for 4 weeks. The intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed, and the homeostasis model assessment of adiponectin (HOMA-AD) index and blood glucose and serum insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and resistin levels were measured. Results: Similar to MTF, all three types of AA extracts (HWEs, CWEs, and ALEs) significantly (p < 0.0001) decreased the area under the curve (AUC) of glucose during the IPGTT, the HOMA-AD index, blood glucose levels, and serum insulin, leptin, and resistin levels and increased serum adiponectin levels in the MTF group compared to the T2D group (p < 0.0001). The HWEs affected adipokine release, while the CWEs and ALEs decreased leptin and resistin production. Conclusion: Water and alcoholic AA extracts have an antihyperglycemic and antihyperinsulinemic effect on HFD/STZ diabetic mice. In addition, they decrease IR by reducing leptin and resistin production and increasing adiponectin secretion from adipocytes.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.1771-1779
• /
• 2018

Chrysanthemum zawadskii (CZ) is a perennial herb belonging to the Asteraceae family. CZ is used medicinally to treat inflammatory and uterine diseases in Asia. CZ was extracted with 50% ethanol and CZ extract (CZE; at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally every day for 5 or 6 weeks to investigate the anti-diabetic effects in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rats and STZ + high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. CZE significantly decreased fasting blood glucose levels in STZ- and STZ + HFD-induced diabetic models. In addition, glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were improved in the STZ + HFD + CZE group by increasing insulin levels and decreasing hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in serum. Furthermore, CZE supplements decreased components of the serum lipid profile such as triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. These results suggest that CZE may be a potential candidate for controlling hyperglycemia.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제54권3호
• /
• pp.297-305
• /
• 2022

본 연구에서는 MU-C와 MU-CA에 대해 3T3-L1 세포를 이용하여 지방분화 억제 효과와 고지방식이를 통해 비만을 유도한 마우스에서 항비만 효과를 조사하였다. 3T3-L1 세포를 adipocyte로 분화 시키면서 무청 추출액을 세포에 처리한 후 Oil red O 염색법을 통하여 지방축적을 비교해 본 결과 Control 대비 MU-C와 MU-CA 처리군에서 세포 지방 축적이 현저히 감소 되었으며, MU-C 처리군이 MU-CA 처리군에 비해 유의적으로 억제되었음을 확인하였다. 6주간의 동물실험을 통한 무청 추출액 투여 후 체중 측정 결과 MU-C군과 MU-CA군 순으로 HFD군에 비해 체중 증가를 감소시키는 효과는 보였으며, 시료 투여 4주차부터 HFD군에 비해 시료 투여군에서 유의적으로 체중이 감소함을 확인하였다. 또한, MU-C군과 MU-CA군 순으로 HFD군에 비해 지방량이 적음을 확인할 수 있었다. 실험 종료 후 간 무게와 지방무게를 측정한 결과 절대 장기 무게와 상대 장기 무게 모두 MUC군과 MU-CA군 순으로 HFD군에 비해 유의적으로 무게가 감소하였다. 혈중 TG, TC 함량 측정 및 동맥경화지수와 심장위험도 지수 계산 결과 MU-C군과 MU-CA군 순으로 HFD군에 비해 유의적으로 감소 하였으며, 혈청 내 간 기능 효소(ALT, AST) 측정 결과 또한 MU-C군과 MU-CA군 순으로 HFD군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였다. 병리조직학적 분석 결과 HFD군의 경우 지방축적 정도 심하였고, 일부에서 염증과 풍선도를 볼 수 있었다. MU-C군과 MU-CA군에서는 일부 간세포에 염증과 지방이 침착된 것을 확인하였으며, HFD군에 비해 간세포가 균일하게 배열되어 있고 지방 축적 정도는 감소된 모습을 관찰하였다. 지방세포의 경우도 대체적으로 균일한 크기에 지방세포를 가지고 있음이 관찰되었다. HFD군 비해 MU-C군과 MU-CA군 순으로 지방세포의 크기가 유의적으로 감소를 나타내었다. 이러한 실험 결과를 보았을 때 체중 변화, 지방무게, 혈중지질, ALT, AST 수치에서 열수 추출한 MU-C군이 MU-CA군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하여 MU-C군이 항비만 효과에 더 효과적인 물질로 확인된다. 이는 유기산 첨가 시 수용성 식이섬유와 불용성 식이섬유가 분리되어 수용성 식이섬유 보다 불용성 식이섬유의 함유량이 증가에 따른 성분 차이로 판단되며(Kim, 2011), 가수분해를 통한 생리활성 물질의 추출 수율 증가로 인해 MU-C군이 비만 예방 효과에 따른 건강기능식품 소재로 적극 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.13-28
• /
• 2016

Objectives To investigate anti-obesity effects of Galgeun-tang, an herbal formula, in high fat diet induced obese mice model. Methods 24 Male C57Bl/6J mice were randomly assigned to normal group fed with normal research diet (NOR, n=6), high fat diet control group treated with water (HFD, n=6), high fat diet group treated with Orlistat (ORL, n=6, Orlistat 10 mg/kg), and high fat diet group treated with Galgeun-tang (GGT, n=6, Galgeun-tang 700 mg/kg). 12 weeks later, body weight, fat weight, liver weight, blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, ALT, AST, obesity related neuropeptides and adipokines, ratio of gut microbiota, and histopathology of liver were evaluated. Results In the GGT group, 1. body weight gain, liver weight gain, and total fat weight gain were significantly less than those in the HFD group. 2. blood glucose level was significantly lower and insulin level was significantly higher than in the HFD group. 3. total cholesterol level and triglyceride (TG) level were significantly lower and high density lipoprotein (HDL) level was significantly higher than in the HFD group. 4. appetite-promoting ARC neuropeptides such as Agrp and Npy were significantly less and appetite-inhibiting ARC neuropeptide, Cart was significantly more than in the HFD group in qRT-PCR analysis. 5. adiponectin level and visfatin level were significantly higher, and resistin level and leptin level was significantly lower than in the HFD group. 6. the relative level of Bacteroidetes was significantly higher, and the relative level of Firmicutes was significantly lower than in the HFD group. 7. the increase of adipose tissue was significantly more inhibited than in the HFD group. Conclusions The present study showed that Glageun-tang exerts anti-obesity effects in that it. 1. inhibited the increase in body weight, liver weight, and total fat weight. 2. decreased the level of TG, and increased the level of HDL. 3. influenced neuropeptides and adipokines that are important in regulating food intake and changes of body weight. 4. modified the beneficial quantitative changes in gut microbiota suppressing the tendency toward obesity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.599-603
• /
• 2020

In the present study, we examined the effects of interleukin (IL)-10 expression-inducing bacteria Bifidobacterium adolescentis HP1, Lactobacillus mucosae HP2, and Weissella cibaria HP3 on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and liver steatosis in mice. Oral gavage of HP1, HP2, and HP3 reduced HFD-induced bodyweight gain, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels in the blood and liver. They also suppressed HFD-induced colitis and the fecal δ,γ-Proteobacteria population. Of the tested bacteria, HP2, which most potently inhibited IL-10 expression, also suppressed HFD-induced bodyweight gain, liver steatosis, and colitis most effectively. These findings suggest that IL-10 expression-inducing gut bacteria can suppress obesity and liver steatosis.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.529-534
• /
• 2017

Probiotics have been known to reduce high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic diseases, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. We recently observed that Lactobacillus acidophilus NS1 (LNS1), distinctly suppresses increase of blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in HFD-fed mice. In the present study, we demonstrated that oral administration of LNS1 with HFD feeding to mice significantly reduces hepatic expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), a key enzyme in gluconeogenesis which is highly increased by HFD feeding. This suppressive effect of LNS1 on hepatic expression of PEPCK was further confirmed in HepG2 cells by treatment of LNS1 conditioned media (LNS1-CM). LNS1-CM strongly and specifically inhibited $HNF4{\alpha}-induced$ PEPCK promoter activity in HepG2 cells without change of $HNF4{\alpha}$ mRNA levels. Together, these data demonstrate that LNS1 suppresses PEPCK expression in the liver by regulating $HNF4{\alpha}$ transcriptional activity, implicating its role as a preventive or therapeutic approach for metabolic diseases.