• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.503-510
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a water extract of L. cladonioides (LC) has an anti-obesity effect in 3T3-L1 cells and obese mice. Treatment of differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes with LC caused a significant increase in glycerol release and reduced the protein expression of the adipogenic transcription factors, $PPAR{\gamma}$ and C/$EBP{\alpha}$. In an animal model, obese mice were artificially induced by a high fat diet for 10 weeks. Experimental groups were treated with LC (100 mg/kg/day) by gavage for the next 10 weeks. At the end of experiment, the body weight of the LC group mice was reduced by 14.2% compared to the high fat diet (HFD) group. The treatment also decreased liver (31.0%), epididymal (18.0%) and retroperitoneal (19.3%) adipose tissue, and kidney (6.7%) weights, respectively, compared with those of the HFD group. LC prevented diet-induced increases in the serum level of TC (22.6%), TG (11.6%), and glucose (35.0%), respectively, compared with the HFD group. However, the HDL-C level was higher in the LC group (26.1%) than the HFD group. The results of this study thus suggest that LC suppressed lipid accumulation and expression of adipogenic transcription factors, and increased the amount of glycerol release. LC also indicated an anti-obese and anti-hyperlipidemic effect.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.303-311
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• 2007

As obesity is known to be related to hyperlipidemia, diabetes and coronary heart disease, and other chronic diseases, many researches have focused on functional food materials showing anti-obesity activity. The adipokines secreted by adipose tissue, resistin and adiponectin are known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases directly. C-reactive protein and homocysteine are molecules regulated by adipose tissue indirectly also relate to the chronic diseases. This study was performed to study of the anti-obesity effects of Sasa borealis in diet-induced obese mice (C57/BL6J). The mice were divided into four group: NFD (Normal fat diet), HFD (High fat diet), BSE (High fat diet containing 5% of 70% ethanol extract of Sasa borealis leaves), BLW (High fat diet containing 5% of water extract of Sasa borealis leaves). The experimental diets were fed for 11 weeks. The final body weight of the mice in the groups of BSE and BLW groups were significantly lower than the HFD group. The effects of weight reduction were due to reduced body fat accumulation. The adiponectin levels are significantly decreased in HFD group compared than NFD group and increased taken by Sasa borealis containing diet. The resistin levels are not significantly different between experimental groups. The CRP and homocyteine levels are significantly higher in HFD group than NFD group and significantly decreased by Sasa borealis containing diet, especially BLW group. These results indicate that orally administered Sasa borealis not only has the effect of reducing the body weight and total fat weight, but preferable effect in adiponectin levels and related molecules as CRP and homocysteine. Therefore we expect the Sasa borealis may have an anti-obesity function and anti-metabolic syndrome effect in diet-induced obese mice.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.435-447
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• 2021

Purpose: Body adiposity is negatively correlated with hepatic iron status, and Korean pine nut oil (PNO) has been reported to reduce adiposity. Therefore, we aimed to study the effects of PNO on adiposity, hepatic mineral status, and the expression of genes and proteins involved in iron absorption. Methods: Five-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet containing 10% kcal from PNO (PC) or soybean oil (SBO; SC), or a high-fat diet (HFD) containing 35% kcal from lard and 10% kcal from PNO (PHFD) or SBO (SHFD). Hepatic iron, copper, and zinc content; and expression of genes and proteins related to iron absorption were measured. Results: HFD-fed mice had a higher white fat mass (2-fold; p < 0.001), lower hepatic iron content (25% lower; p < 0.001), and lower hepatic Hamp (p = 0.028) and duodenal Dcytb mRNA levels (p = 0.037) compared to the control diet-fed mice. Hepatic iron status was negatively correlated with body weight (r = -0.607, p < 0.001) and white fat mass (r = -0.745, p < 0.001). Although the PHFD group gained less body weight (18% less; p < 0.05) and white fat mass (18% less; p < 0.05) than the SHFD group, the hepatic iron status impaired by the HFD feeding did not improve. The expression of hepatic and duodenal ferroportin protein was not affected by the fat amount or the oil type. PNO-fed mice had significantly lower Slc11a2 (p = 0.022) and Slc40a1 expression (p = 0.027) compared to SBO-fed mice. However, the PC group had a higher Heph expression than the SC group (p < 0.05). The hepatic copper and zinc content did not differ between the four diet groups, but hepatic copper content adjusted by body weight was significantly lower in the HFD-fed mice compared to the control diet-fed mice. Conclusion: HFD-induced obesity decreased hepatic iron storage by affecting the regulation of genes related to iron absorption; however, the 18% less white fat mass in the PHFD group was not enough to improve the iron status compared to the SHFD group. The hepatic copper and zinc status was not altered by the fat amount or the oil type.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.104-110
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• 2015

Objectives: The herb of Agastache rugosa (AR) is a traditional herbal medicine used for colds, vomiting and furuncles. However, there are few reports to investigate the inhibitory effects of AR on obesity. In this study, the effects of AR on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and its mechanism of actions were investigated in experimental animals. Methods: The mice were fed HFD for 4 weeks to induce obesity. After randomly divided into normal fat diet, HFD and AR groups, 200 mg/kg of AR was administrated for 4 weeks with continuous HFD feeding while vehicle was orally treated to HFD group. Food intake and body weight were recorded weekly. Results: Increased body weight by HFD was improved by AR treatment. AR administration inhibited an increase of visceral fat weight as well as adipocyte hypertrophy. Hepatic steatosis was ameliorated in AR-treated mice. In addition, treatment of AR attenuated the expression of adipogenic transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma in the epididymal adipose tissue. Also the increased serum leptin level by HFD was maintained in AR group, leading to inhibition of food intake. Conclusions: AR treatment showed inhibitory effects on HFD-induced obesity by inhibition of PPAR-gamma and reduction of food intake. AR could be an alternative treatment for obesity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권11호
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• pp.1658-1664
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 고지방식이와 streptozotocin으로 유도된 제2형 당뇨 마우스에서 새싹추출물의 항당뇨 효과를 살펴보았다. 제2형 당뇨 유도 후 4주 동안의 체중 변화를 관찰한 결과 새싹추출물군과 메트포민군에서 유의한 체중 감소 변화가 나타났으며, 식이섭취량에 따른 변화는 모든 실험군 간의 차이가 없었다. 공복혈당은 고지방식이군의 경우 실험종료일까지 지속적으로 상승하였고, 이와 대조적으로 새싹추출물과 메트포민군의 경우 실험 2주째부터 감소하여 실험 종료 4주째에서는 고지방식이군보다 유의적으로 감소하였다. 경구 내당능 검사는 포도당 섭취 후 60분, 90분, 120분에서 새싹추출물과 메트포민군이 고지방식이군보다 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 인슐린 내성 검사는 120분에서 새싹추출물과 메트포민군이 고지방식이군보다 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 혈중 지질 농도 변화에서 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방 그리고 LDL 콜레스테롤 농도는 고지방식이군에 비해 새싹추출물과 메트포민군에서 유의적으로 감소하였고, HDL 콜레스테롤 농도는 고지방식이군에 비해 새싹추출물과 메트포민군에서 증가하였다. 간독성의 지표인 glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase와 glutamate pyruvate transaminase 효소 활성도는 메트포민투여군과 고지방식이군을 제외한 실험군들 간에 유의성이 나타나지 않았다. 혈중 인슐린과 렙틴 농도는 고지방식이군에 비해 새싹추출물과 메트포민군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 새싹추출물은 제2형 당뇨 마우스에서 체중을 감소시키고 혈중지질 대사 이상을 조절하면서 인슐린 저항성을 감소시켜 혈당을 개선하므로 항당뇨 효과가 있는 우수한 식품 소재로서의 개발 가능성을 시사하고 있다.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2021

Objectives: We investigated the effects of Clean-DM4 (C-DM4), a polyherbal extract consisting of Coptidis Rhizoma, Salviae Miltiorrhiza Radix, and Cinnamomi Cortex on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Methods: The C57BL/6 mice (6 weeks) were fed a HFD for 8 weeks and then administrated with C-DM4 extract at 500 mg/kg (p.o.) once daily for 4 weeks. The changes of body weights, calorie intakes, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were measured in mice. The serum levels of glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured in mice by enzyme-based assay. It was also observed the histological changes of pancreas, liver, and fat tissues with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results: The increase of calorie intakes and FBG levels in HFD-induced obesity mice was significantly decreased by oral administration of C-DM4 extract. C-DM4 extract administration was significantly reduced the increased levels of glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, AST, and ALT in obesity mice. In addition, C-DM4 extract inhibited lipid droplet accumulation in liver tissues of obesity mice, hyperplasia of pancreatic islets, and enlargement of adipocytes in adipose tissues. Conclusions: Our study indicates that C-DM4 extract could help improve obesity and to prevent diabetes progression.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.570-582
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• 2020

본 연구는 상지추출물과 stilbene 화합물인 MSA, ORT의 항비만 효능을 비교 분석하고자 식이성 비만 마우스 모델을 이용하여 HFD에 실험물질을 첨가한 식이를 13주 동안 급여하였다. 연구결과, 실험물질들의 항비만 효능은 ORT, ME, MSA, MW군 순이었으며, 특히 ME와 ORT의 급여는 고지방식이에 의한 체중 및 체지방 증가, 혈당 증가, 이상지질혈증 및 지방간 개선에 있어 양성대조군인 GC군과 비슷한 효과를 보였다. 향후 관련 기작 규명 및 안전성 확보, 그리고 최대 유효성 도출을 위한 추출 조건 확립 및 용량 검증 등의 연구가 수행된다면 체중조절용 기능성 식품으로의 개발을 기대해 볼 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.519-529
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• 2017

Sodium butyrate (SB) has various metabolic actions. However, its effect on dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) needs to be studied further. We aimed to evaluate the metabolic actions of SB, considering its physiologically relevant concentration. We evaluated the effect of SB on regulation of DPP-4 and its other metabolic actions, both in vitro (HepG2 cells and mouse mesangial cells) and in vivo (high fat diet [HFD]-induced obese mice). Ten-week HFD-induced obese C57BL/6J mice were subjected to SB treatment by adding SB to HFD which was maintained for an additional 16 weeks. In HepG2 cells, SB suppressed DPP-4 activity and expression at sub-molar concentrations, whereas it increased DPP-4 activity at a concentration of $1,000{\mu}M$. In HFD-induced obese mice, SB decreased blood glucose, serum levels of insulin and $IL-1{\beta}$, and DPP-4 activity, and suppressed the increase in body weight. On the contrary, various tissues including liver, kidney, and peripheral blood cells showed variable responses of DPP-4 to SB. Especially in the kidney, although DPP-4 activity was decreased by SB in HFD-induced obese mice, it caused an increase in mRNA expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, and $IL-1{\beta}$. The pro-inflammatory actions of SB in the kidney of HFD-induced obese mice were recapitulated by cultured mesangial cell experiments, in which SB stimulated the secretion of several cytokines from cells. Our results showed that SB has differential actions according to its treatment dose and the type of cells and tissues. Thus, further studies are required to evaluate its therapeutic relevance in metabolic diseases including diabetes and obesity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.739-748
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• 2019

Cheonggukjang and chaga mushrooms have numerous health benefits, and have been used in alternative medicine. Therefore, a powder mixture of 98: Cheonggukjang and 2: Chaga extracts was fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus KCTC3925 (FCC) and its anti-obesity effects in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice were determined. Five-week-old male ICR mice were fed a normal diet or HFD in the presence or absence of 3% and 5% FCC by weight (n = 10 per group). After 12 weeks, the mice were sacrificed, and the serum and tissue samples were collected for analysis. Body weight and epididymal fat pad weight were significantly lowered in the 3% and 5% FCC groups compared with those in the HFD control group (p < 0.01). FCC supplementation suppressed serum triglyceride and increased serum HDL-C levels (p < 0.01). Serum GOT, GPT, and leptin levels, hepatic COX-2 mRNA expression, and splenic COX-2 and IL-4 mRNA expression were significantly higher in the HFD groups than in the control group (p > 0.05); however, except for splenic IL-4 levels, the increases were significantly attenuated by FCC supplementation. Expression of ICAM-1, an aortic inflammatory marker, was significantly increased in the HFD group; this effect was suppressed in the 3% FCC group (p < 0.01) but not in the 5% FCC group. FCC suppressed the body weight and epididymal fat pad weight gain, as well as inflammatory responses in the liver and spleen of HFD-fed mice. Thus, FCC supplementation will be beneficial for the treatment of obesity-related effects.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2024

Brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)은 뇌나트륨이뇨펩티드로, 좌심실의 심근세포에서 분비되는 호르몬으로, 심장과 신장에 작용하여 혈관 확장과 나트륨 이뇨 작용 등을 하는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 최근에는 다양한 조직에서 대사 작용을 조절하는 것으로 보고된다. 본 연구에서는 간 조직에서 BNP의 영향을 알기 위해 BNP가 고지방식이에 의해 유도되는 인슐린 저항성을 개선하는지를 조사하였다. BNP을 주입한 쥐와 control로서 saline을 주입한 쥐들 간에는 몸무게, 체지방양(fat mass), 제지방량(lean body mass)의 변화는 없었다. 고인슐린혈증 정상혈당 글루코스 클램프(Hyperinsulinemic Euglycemic Glucose Clam) 동안, BNP를 주입한 고지방 식이 쥐들은 saline을 주입한 고지방식이 쥐에 비해 혈당(blood glucose)은 감소하였으며, 포도당 주입 속도(glucose infusion rate)는 증가하였다. 또한 BNP은 포도당 신생 및 중성지방 합성 관련 유전자들의 발현을 감소시켜, 간에서 포도당 생성과 중성지방의 양을 감소시켰다. BNP는 saline을 주입한 쥐에 비해 간 조직에서 Akt와 AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)의 인산화를 증가시켰는데, 이는 BNP을 처리한 AML12 간세포에서도 BNP는Akt와 AMPK 인산화를 증가시켰다. 이상의 결과는 BNP가 간에서 인슐린 저항성을 개선하여 포도당 생성과 중성 지방 생성을 억제함을 알 수 있었다.