• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.389-409
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting female college students' behaviors in seeking reproductive health information on the Internet and to explore the relationships among these factors. Based on the Health Belief Model(HBM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB), perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barriers, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and affective evaluation were defined as key factors, and the study was designed accordingly. An online survey was distributed to female college students in Seoul through the university student's online community, 'Everytime.' The results showed that the intention of female college students to seek reproductive health information via the Internet was associated with higher perceived sensitivity, perceived benefit, and subjective norms, and lower perceived barriers. There were statistically significant differences between groups in terms of sexual experiences, experience with reproductive system disorders, and the level of health interest. We believe that this research outcome will contribute to assessing the level of awareness regarding reproductive health among female college students, thereby aiding in the development of online health information literacy education or related service programs by university libraries, health institutions, and similar entities targeting female college students.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.30A no.12
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• pp.88-97
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• 1993

Electrostatic Discharge(ESD) is one of the major reliability, issues for today's VLSI production. Since the gate oxide with a thickness of 100~300$\AA$ is vulnerable to several thousand volt of ESD surge, it is necessary to control the ESD events and design an efficient protection circuit. In this paper, physical mechanism of the catastrophic ESD damage is investigated by transient analysis based upon Human Body Model(HBM). Using two-dimensional electrothermal simulator, we study the failure mechanism of the output protection devices by ESD and discuss the design issues for the optimun protection network.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.337-348
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• 2011

Weight reduction behavior is common among adolescent girls. The present study examined the status of weight reduction behavior and factors affecting the behavioral intention of weight reduction using the Health Belief Model (HBM) for female middle school students by weight category. Survey data was collected from three girl's middle schools in Gyeongju, Korea. A total of 299 female middle school students participated in this study. The questionnaire had questions about general characteristics, weight reduction behavior, and variables of HBM (perceived threat, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, self-efficacy in dietary life and exercise, and behavioral intention of weight reduction). Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis were applied to analyze the variables. A higher percentage of students in the overweight group attempted weight reduction than those in the underweight and the normal weight groups (P < 0.001). Among students who had attempted weight reduction, 73% tried diet therapy, while 78% tried exercise. Students in the normal and overweight groups showed significantly higher threat (P < 0.01) and cues to action (P < 0.001) than those in the underweight group. As for perceived benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy in dietary life and exercise, there were no significant differences among weight groups. Students in the overweight group showed the strongest intention of weight reduction and there were significant differences among the three weight groups (P < 0.001). Perceive threat (P < 0.01), cues to action (P < 0.001), and perceived self-efficacy (P < 0.01) were significantly associated to behavioral intention of weight reduction for all respondents. For the underweight group, perceived threat (P < 0.05) and perceived self-efficacy (P < 0.01) were the significant variables. For the overweight group, cue to action was the significant variable (P < 0.05).

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

The holding voltage of high-voltage devices under the snapback breakdown condition has been known to be much smaller than the operating voltage. Such characteristics cause high-voltage ICs to be susceptible to the transient latch-up failure in the practical system applications, especially when these devices are used as the ESD(ElectroStatic Discharge) power clamp circuit. A new latchup-free design of the ESD power clamp circuit with stacked-bipolar devices is proposed and successfully verified in a $0.35{\mu}m$ 3.3V/60V BCD(Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS) process to achieve the desired ESD level. The total holding voltage of the stacked-bipolar devices in the snapback breakdown condition can be larger than the operating voltage. Proposed power clamp operates safely because of the high holding voltage. From the measurement on the devices fabricated using a $0.35{\mu}m$ BCD Process, it was observed that the proposed ESD power clamp can provide 800% higher ESD robustness per silicon area as compared to the conventional clamps with a high-voltage diode.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.11 no.1 s.20
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• pp.54-60
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• 2007

In this study novel ESD protection device, namely, N/P-type Low Voltage Triggered SCR, has been proposed, for high speed I/O interface. Proposed device could lower high trigger voltage($\sim$20V) of conventional SCR and reduce latch-up phenomenon of protection device during the normal condition. In this Study, the proposed NPLVTSCR has been simulated using TMA MEDICI device simulator for electrical characteristic. Also the proposed device's test pattern was fabricated using 90nm TSMC's CMOS process and was measured electrical characteristic and robustness. In the result, NPLVTSCR has 3.2V $\sim$ 7.5V trigger voltage and 2.3V $\sim$ 3.2V holding voltage by changing PMOS gate length and it has about 2kV, 7.5A HBM ESD robustness(IEC61000-4-2).

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.83-98
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• 2011

Objectives: This study aims to assess the stages of individual readiness to take the cancer screening test and to identify factors relating to the progress of their readiness to take the test. Methods: We analyzed the data acquired from our 'Cancer Screening Behavior among Korean Adults' Survey' in 2003. 1,057 participants' stages of readiness to take the cancer screening test were classified through the Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM). Their knowledge, beliefs and other factors related to cancer screening were examined at each PAPM stage through the Health Belief Model (HBM), and the various PAPM stages were compared with each other to identify factors likely to determine progress between stages. Results: The distribution of the PAPM stages of readiness for cancer screening was as follows: 18.9% were unaware; 9.7% were unengaged; 29.8% were deciding to take the test; 1.5% decided not to take the test; 11.6% decided to take the test, while 28.6% had taken the test. The factors likely to determine progress from one to another stage were 'Knowledge', 'Perceived susceptibility', 'Perceived benefits', 'Perceived barriers' and 'Family member's experience of cancer screening'. Conclusions: This study can be used to develop health promotion programs that enhance cancer screening behavior in Korea.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5377-5383
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• 2015

Background: Participation is one of the major factors affecting the long-term success of population-based prostate cancer screening programs. The aim of this study was to explore strong factors linked to participation in prostate cancer screening among older Jordanian adults using the Health Belief Model (HBM). Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from Jordanian older adults, aged 40 years and over, who visited a comprehensive health care center within the Ministry of Health. A pilot test was conducted to investigate the internal consistency of the the Champion Health Belief Model Scale for prostate cancer screening and the clarity of survey questions. Sample characteristics and rates of participation in prostate cancer screening were examined using means and frequencies. Important factors associated with participation in prostate cancer screening were examined using bivariate correlation and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: About 13% of the respondents had adhered to prostate cancer screening guidelines over the previous decade. Four out of the seven HBM-driven factors (perceived susceptibility, benefits and barriers to PSA test, and health motivation) were statistically significant. Those with greater levels of susceptibility, benefits of PSA test and health motivation and lower levels of barriers to PSA testing were more likely to participate in prostate cancer screening. Family history, presence of urinary symptoms, age, and knowledge about prostate cancer significantly predicted the participation in prostate cancer screening. Conclusions: Health professionals should focus more on the four modifiable HBMrelated factors to encourage older adults to participate in prostate cancer screening. Intervention programs, which lower perceived barriers to PSA testing and increase susceptibility, benefits of PSA testing and health motivation, should be developed and implemented.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.8719-8724
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• 2014

Background: Breast cancer incidence is increasing among South Asian migrants to the United States (US). However, their utilization of cancer screening services is poor. This study characterizes attitudes of South Asians towards breast health and screening in a community sample. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) was conducted among South Asians (n=124) in New Jersey and Chicago. The following beliefs and attitudes towards breast cancer screening were assessed-health motivation, breast self-examination confidence, breast cancer susceptibility and fear, and mammogram benefits and barriers. Descriptive statistics and Spearman rank correlation coefficients were computed for HBM subscales. Findings: Mean age of participants was 36 years with an average 10 years stay in the US. Most women strived to care for their health ($3.82{\pm}1.18$) and perceived high benefits of screening mammography ($3.94{\pm}0.95$). However, they perceived lower susceptibility to breast cancer in the future ($2.30{\pm}0.94$). Conclusions: Increasing awareness of breast cancer risk for South Asian women may have a beneficial effect on cancer incidence because of their positive attitudes towards health and breast cancer screening. This is especially relevant because South Asians now constitute one of the largest minority populations in the US and their incidence of breast cancer is steadily increasing.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.31-36
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• 2011

This paper investigates the ESD robustness of the stacked output driver with a 0.13um CMOS process. To represent an actual I/O system, we implemented stacked output driver circuits with pre-drivers and a rail-based power clamp. We implemented eight kinds of circuits varying pre-driver input connections and stacked driver size. The test circuits are examined with TLP measurements. It is shown that breakdown current and voltage can be increased by connecting the pre-driver input to a power supply and using stacked devices of a similar size. Based on the test results, design guideline is suggested to improve ESD robustness of the stacked output drivers.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.268-272
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• 2010

The research presented here represents a collaborative effort with the SFWMD on developing scenarios for future climate for the SFWMD area. The project focuses on developing methodology for simulating precipitation representing both natural quasi-oscillatory modes of variability in these climate variables and also the secular trends projected by the IPCC scenarios that are publicly available. This study specifically provides the results for precipitation modeling. The starting point for the modeling was the work of Tebaldi et al that is considered one of the benchmarks for bias correction and model combination in this context. This model was extended in the framework of a Hierarchical Bayesian Model (HBM) to formally and simultaneously consider biases between the models and observations over the historical period and trends in the observations and models out to the end of the 21st century in line with the different ensemble model simulations from the IPCC scenarios. The low frequency variability is modeled using the previously developed Wavelet Autoregressive Model (WARM), with a correction to preserve the variance associated with the full series from the HBM projections. The assumption here is that there is no useful information in the IPCC models as to the change in the low frequency variability of the regional, seasonal precipitation. This assumption is based on a preliminary analysis of these models historical and future output. Thus, preserving the low frequency structure from the historical series into the future emerges as a pragmatic goal. We find that there are significant biases between the observations and the base case scenarios for precipitation. The biases vary across models, and are shrunk using posterior maximum likelihood to allow some models to depart from the central tendency while allowing others to cluster and reduce biases by averaging. The projected changes in the future precipitation are small compared to the bias between model base run and observations and also relative to the inter-annual and decadal variability in the precipitation.