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Effect of 24 h Fasting on Gene Expression of AMPK, Appetite Regulation Peptides and Lipometabolism Related Factors in the Hypothalamus of Broiler Chicks

  • Lei, Liu;Lixian, Zhu
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.25 no.9
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    • pp.1300-1308
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    • 2012
  • The 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key part of a kinase-signaling cascade that acts to maintain energy homeostasis. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the possible effects of fasting and refeeding on the gene expression of hypothalamic AMPK, some appetitive regulating peptides and lipid metabolism related enzymes. Seven-day-old male broiler (Arbor Acres) chicks were allocated into three equal treatments: fed ad libitum (control); fasted for 24 h; fasted for 24 h and then refed for 24 h. Compared with the control, the hypothalamic gene expression of $AMPK{\alpha}2$, $AMPK{\beta}1$, $AMPK{\beta}2$, $AMPK{\gamma}1$, Ste20-related adaptor protein ${\beta}$ ($STRAD{\beta}$), mouse protein $25{\alpha}$ ($MO25{\alpha}$) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) were increased after fasting for 24 h. No significant difference among treatments was observed in mRNA levels of $AMPK{\alpha}1$, $AMPK{\gamma}2$, LKB1 and neuropeptide Y (NPY). However, the expression of $MO25{\beta}$, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), ghrelin, fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase ${\alpha}$ ($ACC{\alpha}$), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were significantly decreased. The present results indicated that 24 h fasting altered gene expression of AMPK subunits, appetite regulation peptides and lipometabolism related factors in chick's hypothalamus; the hypothalamic FAS signaling pathway might be involved in the AMPK regulated energy homeostasis and/or appetite regulation in poultry.

Sulfate Reduction for Bioremediation of AMD Facilitated by an Indigenous Acid- and Metal-Tolerant Sulfate-Reducer

  • Nguyen, Hai Thi;Nguyen, Huong Lan;Nguyen, Minh Hong;Nguyen, Thao Kim Nu;Dinh, Hang Thuy
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.30 no.7
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    • pp.1005-1012
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    • 2020
  • Acid mine drainage (AMD) has been a serious environmental issue that threatens soil and aquatic ecosystems. In this study, an acid-tolerant sulfate-reducing bacterium, strain S4, was isolated from the mud of an AMD storage pond in Vietnam via enrichment in anoxic mineral medium at pH 5. Comparative analyses of sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and dsrB gene involved in sulfate reduction revealed that the isolate belonged to the genus Desulfovibrio, and is most closely related to Desulfovibrio oxamicus (with 99% homology in 16S rDNA sequence and 98% homology in dsrB gene sequence). Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analyses of dsrB gene showed that strain S4 represented one of the two most abundant groups developed in the enrichment culture. Notably, strain S4 was capable of reducing sulfate in low pH environments (from 2 and above), and resistance to extremely high concentration of heavy metals (Fe 3,000 mg/l, Zn 100 mg/l, Cu 100 mg/l). In a batch incubation experiment in synthetic AMD with pH 3.5, strain S4 showed strong effects in facilitating growth of a neutrophilic, metal sensitive Desulfovibrio sp. strain SR4H, which was not capable of growing alone in such an environment. Thus, it is postulated that under extreme conditions such as an AMD environment, acid- and metal-tolerant sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)-like strain S4 would facilitate the growth of other widely distributed SRB by starting to reduce sulfate at low pH, thus increasing pH and lowering the metal concentration in the environment. Owing to such unique physiological characteristics, strain S4 shows great potential for application in sustainable remediation of AMD.

Effect of Low-Energy Laser Irradiation on the Proliferation and Gene Expression of Myoblast Cells (저출력 레이져 자극이 근육세포의 증식 및 유전자 발현에 미치는 효과)

  • Kwag, J.H.;Jeon, O.H.;Kang, D.Y.;Ryu, H.H.;Kim, K.H.;Jung, B.J.;Kim, C.H.
    • Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.81-86
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    • 2010
  • Laser irradiation is known to affect various tissues such as skin, bone, nerve, and skeletal muscle. Laser irradiation promotes ATP synthesis, facilitates wound healing, and stimulates cell proliferation and angiogenesis. In skeletal muscle, laser irradiation is related to the proliferation of skeletal muscle satellite cells. Normal skeletal muscle contains remodeling capacity from myogenic cells that are derived from mononuclear satellite cells. Their processes are activated by the expression of genes related with myogenesis such as muscle-specific transcription factors (MyoD and Myf5) and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor). In this study, we hypothesized that laser irradiation would enhance and regulate muscle cell proliferation and regeneration through modulation of the gene expressions related with the differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells. $C_2C_{12}$ myoblastic cells were exposed to continuous/non-continuous laser irradiation (660nm/808nm) for 10 minutes daily for either 1 day or 5 days. After laser irradiation, cell proliferation and gene expression (MyoD, Myf5, VEGF) were quantified. Continuous 660nm laser irradiation significantly increased cell proliferation and gene expression compared to control, continuous 808nm laser irradiation, and non-continuous 660nm laser irradiation groups. These results indicate that continuous 660nm laser irradiation can be applied to the treatment and regeneration of skeletal muscle tissue.

Paralytic Peptide Binding Protein (PP-BP) Gene Expression During Egg Diapause and Its Multi-Gene Organization in the Silkworm Bombyx mori

  • Sirigineedi, Sasibhushan;Murthy, Geetha N.;Rao, Guruprasada;Ponnuvel, Kangayam M.
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.31-40
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    • 2013
  • Paralytic peptide binding proteins (PP-BP) are 30KP proteins that show similarity to ENF binding proteins. The ENF-BP act as active regulators of ENF peptides. ENF peptides are multifunctional insect cytokines. The comparison of gene expression in diapause induced and non-diapause eggs at different time intervals after oviposition showed an upregulation of PP at 18h as well as PP-BP at 12 and 18h after oviposition along with few other genes. The current study has been taken up to investigate the role of PP as well as PP-BP in diapause induction in polyvoltine silkworms and to study the multigene organization of PP-BP in the Bombyx mori genome. The tissue specific expression analysis revealed that, PP-BP is highly expressed in fat body followed by egg and brain while no expression was observed in midgut. The expression levels of PP and PP-BP in diapause and non-diapause eggs from 0h to 48h after oviposition, validated through realtime PCR revealed that PP is highly expressed at 18 and 24h while PP-BP expression is higher at 12 and 18h time intervals suggesting their possible role in diapause induction. The whole genome survey of the PP-BP paralogous sequences revealed a total of 46 B. mori PP-BP homologs that are classified into 3 categories viz., ENF-BP, Typical 30KPs and serine/threonine rich 30KPs. These paralogous sequences are distributed on chromosomes 7, 20, 22 and 24, all 30KP and S/T rich 30KP proteins are present in the same locus of chromosome 20.

hOGG1, p53 Genes, and Smoking Interactions are Associated with the Development of Lung Cancer

  • Cheng, Zhe;Wang, Wei;Song, Yong-Na;Kang, Yan;Xia, Jie
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.13 no.5
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    • pp.1803-1808
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    • 2012
  • This study aimed to investigate the effects of Ser/Cys polymorphism in hOGG1 gene, Arg/Pro polymorphism in p53 gene, smoking and their interactions on the development of lung cancer. Ser/Cys polymorphism in hOGG1 and Arg/Pro polymorphism in p53 among 124 patients with lung cancer and 128 normal people were detected using PCR-RFLP. At the same time, smoking status was investigated between the two groups. Logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of Ser/Cys polymorphism and Arg/Pro polymorphisms, smoking and their interactions on the development of lung cancer. ORs (95% CI) of smoking, hOGG1 Cys/Cys and p53 Pro/Pro genotypes were 2.34 (1.41-3.88), 2.12 (1.03-4.39), and 2.12 (1.15-3.94), respectively. The interaction model of smoking and Cys/Cys was super-multiplicative or multiplicative, and the OR (95% CI) for their interaction item was 1.67 (0.36 -7.78). The interaction model of smoking and Pro/Pro was super-multiplicative with an OR (95%CI) of their interaction item of 5.03 (1.26-20.1). The interaction model of Pro/Pro and Cys/Cys was multiplicative and the OR (95%CI) of their interaction item was 0.99 (0.19-5.28). Smoking, hOGG1 Cys/Cys, p53 Pro/Pro and their interactions may be the important factors leading to the development of lung cancer.

Bisphenol A Bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether (BADGE.2H2O) Induces Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nur77 Gene Expression and Increases Steroidogenesis in Mouse Testicular Leydig Cells

  • Ahn, Seung-Won;Nedumaran, Balachandar;Xie, Yuanbin;Kim, Don-Kyu;Kim, Yong Deuk;Choi, Hueng-Sik
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.74-80
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    • 2008
  • Bisphenol A bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether ($BADGE.2H_2O$) is a component of commercial liquid epoxy resins commonly used in the food-packing industry and in dental sealants. There is evidence that it has significant estrogenic activity. Nur77 plays a crucial role in the regulation of certain genes involved in LH-mediated steroidogenesis in testicular Leydig cells. It was previously demonstrated that Bisphenol A (BPA) stimulates Nur77 gene induction and steroidogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of $BADGE.2H_2O$ on Nur77 gene expression and steroidogenesis. Northern blot analysis showed that it increased the expression of Nur77 mRNA and protein, and transient transfection assays demonstrated that it increased the promoter activity and transactivation of Nur77. It also increased the expression of certain steroidogenic genes, such as StAR and $3{\beta}$-HSD. Finally, over-expression of a dominant negative Nur77 cDNA via adenoviral infection reduced $BADGE.2H_2O$-mediated progesterone biosynthesis. These results indicate that $BADGE.2H_2O$ disrupts testicular steroidogenesis by increasing Nur77 gene expression.

Nitric Oxide Generation from Peritoneal Macrophages by Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (사람 융모 성선 자극 호르몬에 의한 복강 대식세로로부터 산화질소의 발생)

  • Lee, Eun-Hee;Shin, Tae-Yong;Kim, Hyung-Min
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.365-369
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    • 1997
  • Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a placental hormone and is involved in maintenance of the corpus luteum during pregnancy. In the present study, effect of hCG on nitiric ox ide (NO) generation from peritoneal macrophage was examined. hCG ahd no effect on NO generation by itself, whereas recombinant interferon- ${\gamma}$ (rIFN-${\gamma}$) alone had modest activity. When hCG was used in combination with rIFN-${\gamma}$, there was a marked cooperative induction of NO generation in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal effect of hCG on NO generation was shown at 6 hr after treatment with rIFN-${\gamma}$. Furthermore, northern blot analysis of showed that hCG increased the expression of inducible NO synthase(iNOS) gene. These results suggest that hCG induces NO generation from macrophages by increasing the expression of iNOS gene.

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Identification of Four Cyst Nematodes using PCR-RFLP in Korea (PCR-RFLP를 이용한 국내 분포 씨스트선충 4종의 동정)

  • Ko, Hyoung-Rai;Kang, Heonil;Park, Eun-Hyoung;Kim, Eun-Hwa;Lee, Jae-Kook
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.353-363
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    • 2019
  • To identify four cyst nematodes (Heterodera schachtii, H. trifolii, H. glycines, H. sojae) that are economically important plant-parasitic nematodes in Korea, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) by 8 endonucleases (PstI, VspI, AlwI, RsaI, MvaI, EcoRI, Eco72I, Hinf I) was performed based on sequence difference of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. As a result, species-specific DNA band patterns by RsaI endonuclease were observed in H. schachtii. The specific patterns was in H. trifolii by 3 endonucleases (VspI, AlwI, Hinf I), and was in H. glycines by Hinf I. While, H. sojae was not digested by 4 endonuclease (VspI, AlwI, RsaI, Hinf I). This study showed that four cyst nematodes could be distinguished using RFLP by 4 endonucleases (RsaI, VspI, AlwI, Hinf I) based on the sequence difference of COI gene.

Genotype CC of rs1800947 in the C-Reactive Protein Gene May Increase Susceptibility to Colorectal Cancer: a Meta-Analysis

  • Chen, Xiao-Lin;Liao, Yong-Qiang;Liu, Jian-Rong
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.2663-2667
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    • 2014
  • Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms of C-reactive protein (CRP) have been shown to be related to circulating CRP level, risk and prognosis in cancer patients. However, accumulating evidence of rs1800947 involvement in risk of cancer is inconsistent. Thus, a meta-analysis was performed to obtain a more precise relationship. Materials and Methods: The pooled odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval were assessed in 10 eligible articles with 12 studies containing 5,601 cancer cases and 8,669 cancer-free controls. Results: No significant association was observed overall and in subgroups in comparison of genotype GC vs GG ($P_H$=0.847, OR=0.939, 95%CI=0.810-1.087), GC/CC vs GG ($P_H$=0.941, OR=1.021, 95%CI=0.901-1.157) and allele C vs G ($P_H$=0.933, OR=1.026, 95%CI=0.909-1.159). However, statistically significance was evident in comparison of genotype CC vs GG in cancer risk ($P_H$=0.586, OR=2.854, 95%CI= 1.413-5.763), especially in colorectal cancer ($P_H$=0.481, OR=4.527, 95%CI= 1.664- 12.315). Conclusions: Genotype CC of rs1800947 in the CRP gene is strongly associated with increased cancer risk, particularly in colorectal cancer.

Common Genetic Variations in the MUC5AC Gene are Not Related to Helicobacter pylori Serologic Status

  • Zhou, Cheng-Jiang;Zhang, Liu-Wei;Gao, Fang;Zhang, Bin;Wang, Ying;Chen, Da-Fang;Jia, Yan-Bin
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.24
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    • pp.10719-10722
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    • 2015
  • Several lines of evidence suggest that MUC5AC genetic polymorphisms might confer susceptibility to H. pylori infection and therefore gastric cancer risk. We here assessed the association of common polymorphisms in the MUC5AC gene with H. pylori seroprevalence using an LD-based tagSNP approach in a north-western Chinese Han population. A total of 12 tagSNPs were successfully genotyped among 281 unrelated ethnic Han Chinese who had no cancer history, and no identifiable gastric disease or genetic disease. No significant association between any alleles, genotypes or haplotypes and H. pylori seroprevalence was observed. Our results suggest that common genetic variations in MUC5AC gene might not make a major contribution to the risk of H. pylori infection.