• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2020

Since Korea has excellent port infrastructure and competitive petrochemical complexes, there is plenty of potential for creating an oil hub in Northeast Asia. In particular, Ship-to-Ship (STS), which creates high added values, contributes greatly to the national economy. In this study, the liquid cargo volumes of chemical industrial products, refined petroleum products, and crude oil were analyzed at the national and regional (Busan, Ulsan, and Yeosu/Gwangyang) levels. Additionally, a Granger causality analysis was performed between imports, exports, and transshipments, in pairs. ADF, PP, and KPSS were analyzed for the unit root test. In addition, the VAR model and expanded VAR model suggested by Toda and Yamamoto were used for further analyses. Findings revealed a difference in Granger causality depending on the region or cargo type. These findings suggest that policies and incentive schemes for ports need to be differentiated according to the region and cargo types. In addition, the different patterns in the relationship between transshipments and import-export petrochemical cargoes should be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2023

This study is on the formation and the development process of urban space by referring to the literature in Yeosu where is the important location in logistics & transportation and maritime since the Japanese colonial period. There are many factors and results of the development process in Yeosu by the opening port, railroads, loads and industries. The purpose of this study is to understand the characteristics of the formation process of urban space and the characteristics of physical space in Yeosu. The results are as follow; The urban formation and development process in Yeosu where was a small fishing village in the 1910s is largely divided into four processes. Formation: the population increased due to constructions such as of a railroad, a port, and roads and there were many reclamations around the center of the old city center in the Japanese colonial period. Stagnation: There was no urban development due to stagnation, war, and the Yeo-sun Incident. Expand: the industrialization of the Yeocheon Industrial Complex and Gwangyang Steel and other areas around Yeosu led to a surge in Yeosu's population. To cope with this, the city was expanded through three land readjustment projects and the development of large-scale residential complexes. Decline and Remodeling: Yeosu's urban space declined due to the decline of fisheries and the decrease in marine and railway logistics. And the expansion and improvement of the transportation network for hosting the Yeosu World Expo increased the accessibility of the old city center, transforming it into a tourist city using cultural heritage and nature.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.165-182
• /
• 2020

According to recent government forecasts, universities face a critical situation, due to a reduction in the number of students and a decrease in tuition income. To respond to the changed population structure and the 4th Industrial Revolution, the government is supporting universities in reorganizing the structure of academics and curricula focused on lifelong education. Considering this, this study analyzed the correlation between intention to participate in lifelong education and learning outcomes oriented to workers involved in shipping and port logistics in the Port of Gwangyang and Yeosu, who are participating or have participated in lifelong education. To expand the opportunities for participation in the lifelong education of adult learners and form a learning culture, it is necessary to analyze the intention to participate in lifelong education and how participants identify their learning outcomes. According to the analysis results, the goal orientation of intention to participate in learning has a significant influence on individual features of learning outcomes, and learning orientation has a significant influence on the social characteristics of learning outcomes. Moreover, learning outcomes and the learning orientation of the intention to participate in learning have a significant influence on the intention to continue learning. In particular, the results showing that learning outcomes reflect individual changes and that interests obtained as a product of learning influence the intention to continue learning are highly suggestive.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.151-168
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to show the brief efficiency and clustering measurement way by using the game cross-efficiency model which is newly introduced in this paper for 13 container ports during 3 years(2009, 2010, and 2013) with 3 input variables(depth, total area, and number of crane) and 1 output variable(container TEU). The main empirical results are as follows. First, the average rankings of game cross-efficiency model are Ningbo, Hongkong, Shanghai, Dubai, Singapore, Qingdao, Kaosiung, Busan, Tokyo, Incheon, Nagoya, Manila, Gwangyang ports in order. Second, according to ANOVA analysis, three models show the similar results in terms of the efficiency rankings. Third, in the clustering analysis using dendrogram, group A(Shangahi and Busan), group B(Ningbo and Nagoya), and group C(Incheon and Manila) show the common clustering ports during 3 or 2 years. The policy implication of this paper is that Korean port policy planner should introduce the game cross-efficiency method when measuring the individual port efficiency. Also port authority should consider the merits of the clustering ports for improving the port management and operations.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.217-231
• /
• 2018

Planktonic ciliates play an important role in the food web of marine ecosystem as well as a bio-indicator for invasive species from ballast waters or from changing flow of ocean currents due to climate changes. This study was carried out to find some evidences for introduction of such invasive species using ciliate plankton in four major international ports of Korea. We surveyed the seasonal species composition of planktonic ciliate to find out the evidence for the invasive species at Busan, Ulsan, Gwangyang and Incheon ports from February 2007 to November 2008. A total of 45 ciliates species, belonging to 15 genera, were identified during the study period: 33 species occurred at Busan, 31 at Gwangyang, 30 at Ulsan, 18 at Incheon. The abundance of naked ciliates ranged from 566 to $65,151cells\;L^{-1}$ and that of tintinnids 10 to $5,973cells\;L^{-1}$. Based on vector species of ciliates reported from Coos Bay in Oregon, 13 vector species of tinitinnids were identified as follows, Eutintinnus lususundae, E. tubulosus, Favella ehrenbergii, F. taraikaensis, Helicostomella subulata, Stenosemella nivalis, Tintinnopsis ampla, T. beroidea, T. cylindrica, T. directa, T. lohmanni, T. radix, T. rapa. All vector species occurred at Gwangyang port. Most tintinnids were mainly neritic species throughout the survey, while warm water species occurred only in short period at Busan, Ulsan and Gwangyang ports that might be affected seasonally by Tsushima warm current.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.73-82
• /
• 2017

Korea is the fifth largest producer of automobiles in the world, and this industry accounts for the highest portion of the entire manufacturing industry. It is an especially important industry occupying second place in the top 10 export items in Korea. Korea exports about 3 million units of cars produced in the country and abroad, based on new cars and excluding second hand cars. Japan, along with Korea, represents a high portion of the global automobile industry, and it exports more than 4 million cars to the rest of the world. In particular, both Korea and Japan export automobile and used cars produced within the country, almost all of them by PCC(Pure Car Carrier) or PCTC(Pure Car Truck Carrier). Therefore, automobile export ports are located near automobile factories, and are being used in export to foreign countries. However, there are inefficient problems, such as poor port facilities, yard space shortage for loading and unloading operations and lack of proficiency of cargo handling companies. As a result, there are delays in cargo operations, or ships waiting have occurred. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to measure and compare the efficiency of automobile export ports in Korea and Japan. To measure the efficiency of automobile export port, we used CRS and VRS models from DEA. The input and output parameters were set as length of quay, yard area and throughput of cars, and DMUs are 25 ports for evaluating the efficiency. As a result of the efficiency measurements, two Korean ports (Gwangyang and Ulsan) and three Japanes ports (Kanda, Omaezaki, Kanmon-Shimonoseki) showed high efficiency in both models. These results can be used to establish strategies for enhancing efficiency and competitiveness of automobile export ports in Korea and Japan.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.159-178
• /
• 2021

This study analyzed issues and trends related to ports with 86,611 news articles for the 30 years from 1991 to 2020, using BIGKinds, a big data news analysis service. The analysis was based on keyword analysis, word cloud, relationship diagram analysis offered by BIG Kinds. Analysis results of issues and trends on ports for the last 30 years are summarized as follows. First, during Phase 1 (1991-2000), individual ports such as Busan, Incheon, and Gwangyang ports tried to strengthen their own competitiveness. During Phase 2 (2001-2010), efforts were made on gaining more professional and specialized port management abilities by establishing the Busan Port Authority in 2004, the Incheon Port Authority in 2005, and the Ulsan Port Authority in 2007. During Phase 3 (2011-2020), the promotion of future-oriented, eco-friendly, and smart ports was major issues. Efforts to reduce particulate matters and pollutants produced from ports were accelerated, and an attempt to build a smart port driven by port automation and digitalization was also intensified. Lastly, in 2020, when the maritime sector was severely hit by the unexpected shock of the COVID-19 pandemic, a microscopic analysis of trends and issues in 2019 and 2020 was made to look into the impact the pandemic on the maritime industry. It was found that shipping and port industries experienced more drastic changes than ever while trying to prepare for a post-pandemic era as well as promoting future-oriented ports. This study made policy suggestions by analyzing port-related news articles and trends, and it is expected that based on the findings of this research, further studies on enhancing the competitiveness of ports and devising a sustainable development strategy will follow through a comparative analysis of port issues of different countries, thereby making further progress toward academic research on ports.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.73-95
• /
• 2013

This paper analyzes a competitive shipping market in East Asia in order to explore how container carriers make decisions on ship size, number of ships, service frequency, and service route. A sequential-move game based on non-cooperative game theory is applied to establish the models for the decision-makings involving the transportation volumes, freight rates, costs, and market shares of the service routes from Shanghai or Hong Kong to the ports in Busan, Gwangyang, and Incheon. According to the sub-game perfect Nash equilibrium solutions proposed by these models, carriers' decisions in such a competitive environment vary depending on sailing distance, transport demand, and freight rates. Therefore, carriers are recommended to reflect the optimal equilibrium solutions and a variety of decision factors when formulating strategies for transportation networks and operating fleets. Furthermore, ports should establish management strategies for these factors to provide optimal equilibrium solutions for carriers' transportation networks.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.179-194
• /
• 2012

In this study, we compared the efficiency of container terminals using DEA. To do this, we designed an AHP/DEA hybrid model using AHP and DEA, and evaluated the efficiency by comparing the container terminal operation company in Gwangyang(KEC, KIT, GICT) and Busan(HBCT, DPCT, KBCT, UPT, Gamman, PNC, PNIT, HJNC, HPNT). The proposed model can control the number of selected promising container terminal by applying DEA-AR model. This model can also improve the credibility of analysis by using objective weights through the AHP application to efficiency evaluation data and normalizing the evaluation data to apply AHP and DEA. The model assumes inputs to be container crane, transfer crane, yard tractor, and reach stacker and output as container traffic. The result shows that DPCT was an efficient DMU.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.47-62
• /
• 2009

The paper attempts to identify the Logistics Service Duality of Container Terminals and to test the model by using of the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP). Also, the research assess the practical competitiveness of Container Terminals in Kwangyang by Fuzzy technique. To conclude, we can make the following observations: (1) we classifies the Logistic Service Quality into five attributes such as Tangibility, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy, (2) Assurance is drawn to the most important attribute, (3) There is a significant disparity between the operators and the users in the relative importance of the Logistics Service Quality Attributes of Container Terminal, (4) In the result of analysis of the terminals' competitiveness, C Terminal is extracted as the most superior operator. In Addition, we hope to provide useful contribution to increase Gwangyang container terminal's competitiveness and offer some insight in further research.